Art Movements and Critiques
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Questions and Answers

Which artist's work is characterized by the use of strange surfaces to evoke emotion within the context of neoconservative postmodernism?

  • Felix Gonzalez-Torres
  • Barbara Kruger
  • Julian Schnabel (correct)
  • Sarah Charlesworth
  • What does the work 'AIDS Timeline' by Group Material primarily address?

  • The success of the art market in the 1980s
  • The historical representation of art
  • The social conditions related to AIDS over a decade (correct)
  • The evolution of postmodern architecture
  • What concept does Barbara Kruger's piece 'We Won't Play Nature To Your Culture' primarily critique?

  • The originality of artistic representation
  • The commercialization of art
  • Cultural perception of women within social constructs (correct)
  • The complexities of modernism
  • What significant aspect does Felix Gonzalez-Torres's work 'Untitled (USA Today)' evoke through its candy invitation?

    <p>A challenge to art taboos regarding interaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neoconservative postmodernism reacted against modernism by emphasizing which of the following?

    <p>Ornamentation and figuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist's work is an example of post-structural postmodernism that questions originality and authority in representation?

    <p>Barbara Kruger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Sarah Charlesworth's art, what historical figure is depicted holding a newspaper in captivity?

    <p>Aldo Moro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key element did Julian Schnabel's work incorporate that highlighted the 'pastiche' style?

    <p>Historical quotations and styles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Chris Burden's performance 'Transfixed' specifically relate to?

    <p>Transubstantiation in Christian faith (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary aim of the 'Womanhouse' project by Judy Chicago and Miriam Shapiro?

    <p>To challenge the definition of artistic materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the format of Judy Chicago's 'The Dinner Party'?

    <p>An installation featuring 39 place settings for historical women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What thematic exploration does Mary Kelly's 'Post-Partem Document' engage with?

    <p>The role of mothering in the arts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which central argument is put forth by Laura Mulvey in her 1975 essay?

    <p>Mainstream cinema inherently supports patriarchal norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Martha Rosler's photomontage series 'Bringing the War Home'?

    <p>Exploring suburban life amidst conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What artistic approach does Cindy Sherman employ in 'Untitled Film Still #7'?

    <p>Reenactment of cinematic stereotypes about women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of Chris Burden's art as showcased in 'Transfixed'?

    <p>It explores themes of suffering and sacrifice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of institutional critique in the context of artistic practice?

    <p>Critiquing the role of museums or art galleries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which art movement primarily explores popular images influenced by the socio-political climate of the 60s and 70s?

    <p>Pictures Generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique approach does William Kentridge utilize in the renewal of drawing?

    <p>Erasing and altering drawings while documenting the process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pastiche' refer to in the context of neoconservative postmodernism?

    <p>An artistic mix of disparate elements imitating other artists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant goal of the feminist movement in contemporary art?

    <p>To obtain equal representation and challenge gender norms within art (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pictorial photography from other photography styles?

    <p>Focus on aesthetics, composition, and tonality over documentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does 'virtuality' encompass in contemporary art?

    <p>Imagery created through computer technology offering imaginary representations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does 'identity' in art aim to challenge?

    <p>The historical narrative that favors dominant perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which work addresses the complexities of identity and narrative through the depiction of daily life at a kitchen table?

    <p>Carrie Mae Weems, Untitled (Man Reading Newspaper) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theme is explored in Kehinde Wiley's An Economy of Grace?

    <p>Representation of black female stereotypes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist's work involves a large-scale installation that contrasts fire and water through video projection?

    <p>Bill Viola, The Crossing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant aspect does Robert Gober's Untitled work interrogate?

    <p>The relationship between aesthetic experience, sexual desire, and death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece presents a profound commentary on memory and trauma through the lens of drawing?

    <p>William Kentridge, Felix in Exile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist used transitory elements to reinterpret a classic film in their installation?

    <p>Douglas Gordon, 24 Hour Psycho (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following works prominently features visual and narrative intersections in its design?

    <p>Sam Taylor Wood, Soliloquy I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of work is Douglas Gordon's 24 Hour Psycho considered?

    <p>Large-scale video art (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of Thomas Hirschhorn's Gramsci Monument?

    <p>To provoke encounters and invite public interaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Rirkrit Tiravanija's Untitled (Free) primarily challenge?

    <p>The relationship between art and community engagement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Harun Farocki's Serious Games 1: Immersion illustrate about military training?

    <p>The integration of video game technology in training and treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ai Weiwei's Fairytale, what was significant about the 1001 Chinese citizens' experience?

    <p>They represented the concept of globalization through cultural exchange. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying theme does Rikrit Tiravanija's work address regarding the public sphere?

    <p>The decline of community engagement and public interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the materials used in Ai Weiwei's Fairytale?

    <p>They represent the richness of traditional Chinese culture despite its decline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Harun Farocki’s work connect military training to video games?

    <p>It contrasts realism with virtual experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is highlighted in the structure of Thomas Hirschhorn’s Gramsci Monument?

    <p>The collaboration with local residents in its construction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Sara Charlesworth attempting to illustrate by whiting out words in newspapers?

    <p>The role of newspapers in shaping state authority (A), The manipulation of media narratives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In his early work after moving to the US, what two actions did Nam June Paik engage in?

    <p>Distorting television signals and manipulating sound recordings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Barbara Kruger’s artworks commonly add to existing photographs?

    <p>Verbal statements that engage the viewer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategies are most commonly associated with Pictures Generation artists?

    <p>Appropriation and pastiche (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In her artwork combining an image of Pat Nixon and war casualties, what does Martha Rosler critique?

    <p>The disconnection between political leaders and citizens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes neoconservative postmodernism as theorized by scholars?

    <p>Pastiche (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary issue informs Robert Gober's exploration of the body in his sculpture?

    <p>The impact of HIV and AIDS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the term 'abject' defined in the context of representations of the body in art according to scholars?

    <p>A negative representation of the tormented body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Institutional Critique

    Critiquing institutions like museums or art galleries as artistic practice.

    Performance Art

    Art using the human body, often the artist, in front of an audience.

    Postmodernism

    A post-WWII movement focusing on cultural diversity and moving away from Western high culture.

    Body Art

    Art using the human body as both the subject and the object of the artwork.

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    Pastiche

    A mix of different styles, often satirically.

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    Feminism

    A movement challenging male dominance in art and society, promoting women's equality.

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    Identity (Art)

    Art that encourages reflection on suppressed art historical perspectives (e.g., non-white, female, etc.).

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    Pictures Generation

    A photography movement that uses existing images to express social or political views, often through recontextualization.

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    Transubstantiation

    The concept that ordinary bread and wine become the body and blood of Jesus Christ during the Eucharist ritual.

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    Chris Burden's 'Transfixed'

    A performance art piece where Burden glued himself to a Volkswagen Beetle, referencing the crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the concept of transubstantiation.

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    Womanhouse

    A collaborative project by Judy Chicago and Miriam Shapiro that transformed a dilapidated house into an art installation, exploring the use of unconventional materials for artistic expression.

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    The Dinner Party

    A feminist art piece by Judy Chicago, consisting of a massive triangular banquet table with 39 place settings, each honoring a significant woman in history.

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    Post-Partem Document

    Mary Kelly's work charting her son's development through six years, exploring the relationship between motherhood, artistic creation, and a child's growth.

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    Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema

    An essay by Laura Mulvey analyzing the patriarchal undercurrents in mainstream cinema, suggesting voyeurism and narcissism as key elements.

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    First Lady (Pat Nixon)

    A photomontage created by Martha Rosler that combines Vietnam War images with advertisements and home interiors, critiqueing the disconnect between reality and propaganda.

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    Cindy Sherman's Untitled Film Stills

    Photographic series where Sherman portrays herself as various pop culture stereotypes, exploring the portrayal of women in media.

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    Fred Wilson's 'Mining the Museum'

    This artwork recontextualizes historical artifacts from the Maryland Historical Society, highlighting African-American experiences and challenging traditional narratives.

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    Carrie Mae Weems' 'Untitled (Man Reading Newspaper)'

    This photograph from the 'Kitchen Table Series' depicts a black man reading a newspaper while seated at a kitchen table, accompanied by text exploring everyday life and societal expectations.

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    Kehinde Wiley's 'An Economy of Grace'

    This series of paintings aims to challenge stereotypical representations of black women in art history, celebrating black female beauty and challenging traditional notions of 'grand' painting.

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    Robert Gober's 'Untitled'

    This artwork, considered abject art, explores the relationship between aesthetics, sexuality, and death through the use of body parts, often seen as repulsive or taboo.

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    William Kentridge's 'Felix in Exile'

    A drawing piece that uses animation to depict Felix's journey and his relationship with Nandi, exploring themes of memory, trauma, and the passage of time.

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    Douglas Gordon's '24 Hour Psycho'

    A large-scale video installation that stretches Alfred Hitchcock's film 'Psycho' over 24 hours, exploring themes of time, repetition, and the viewer's perception.

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    Bill Viola's 'The Crossing'

    This installation features two video projections displaying contrasting scenes of a figure consumed by fire and a figure inundated by water, exploring themes of life, death, and the natural elements.

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    Sam Taylor Wood's 'Soliloquy I'

    This artwork combines large portraits with smaller scenes, drawing inspiration from Renaissance altarpieces to explore themes of human experience and the relationship between individual and world.

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    Sarah Charlesworth's 'April 21, 1978'

    A postmodernist artwork where the artist reproduced a newspaper photo of Aldo Moro, a former Italian Prime Minister, being held captive by the Red Brigades. The photo was widely circulated, proving Moro was still alive.

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    Neoconservative Postmodernism

    This movement rejected modernism's emphasis on abstract art and architecture. It favored ornamentation, figuration, and narrative in art, returning to more traditional forms.

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    Julian Schnabel's 'Exile'

    This neoconservative postmodern artwork uses unusual surfaces and a fusion of historical art styles to evoke emotions and engage viewers.

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    Post-Structural Postmodernism

    This movement challenged the notion of artistic originality and traditional representations of reality. It questioned the power of art to 'reveal the truth' and instead focused on how art constructs stereotypes and social influences.

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    Barbara Kruger's 'We Won't Play Nature To Your Culture'

    This text-based postmodern artwork addresses the cultural perception of women as being controlled by social norms and expectations.

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    Group Material's 'AIDS Timeline'

    This critical artwork uses a timeline to represent a decade of the AIDS crisis, highlighting the social impact and response to the epidemic.

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    Felix Gonzalez-Torres' 'Untitled (USA Today)'

    This work invites viewers to take and eat candy, referencing the accessibility and digestible nature of news. The work is linked to Postminimalism and Pop Art, defying traditional artistic expectations.

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    How does 'Untitled (USA Today)' by Felix Gonzalez-Torres challenge traditional artistic expectations?

    The artwork invites viewers to engage physically with the piece by taking and eating candy, challenging the taboo against touching art. It also breaks from the traditional 'high art' aesthetic by using everyday materials and referencing popular culture.

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    Gramsci Monument

    A public artwork by Thomas Hirschhorn that explores the legacy of Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci by forming a large outdoor structure of multiple pavilions.

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    Untitled (Free)

    Rikrit Tiravanija's artwork that involves cooking curries for visitors in an art gallery, highlighting concepts of community and shared experience.

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    Serious Games 1: Immersion

    Harun Farocki's film that explores the use of video game technology by the US military for training and treating PTSD, showcasing the intersection of virtuality, war, and mental health.

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    Fairytale

    Ai Weiwei's artwork that brought 1001 Chinese citizens to an art world event, highlighting the complexities of globalization and its impact on cultural exchange.

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    Orders of Existence

    A concept within art that explores the different ways of being or experiencing reality, such as objective and subjective, or public and private.

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    Pictorial Photography

    A style of photography that focuses on conveying different orders of experience, objective, subjective, public, and private.

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    Virtuality, Community, and Globalism

    A set of concepts that explore the impact of digital technology on societies, including the creation of online communities and the spread of global communication.

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    Remnants of Activity

    The traces or leftover elements of a completed action or event, often used in art to convey a history or narrative.

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    Sara Charlesworth's white-out

    Sara Charlesworth strategically whitened out words in newspaper images to highlight the role of the media in shaping narratives and constructing reality.

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    Nam June Paik's work in the US

    After moving to the US in 1964, Nam June Paik started distorting TV signals and dislocating TV sets, pioneering video art and exploring the manipulation of mass media.

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    Barbara Kruger's approach

    Barbara Kruger appropriated existing images and added verbal statements that directly address the viewer, provoking critique and stimulating dialogue on social issues.

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    Pictures Generation strategies

    Pictures Generation artists used two distinct approaches: appropriating existing images to deconstruct their meaning and examining how female figures are represented in film and media.

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    Cindy Sherman's self-portraits

    Cindy Sherman took self-portraits disguised as women from 1950s and 1960s films, exploring the representation of femininity in media and questioning societal expectations.

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    Martha Rosler's Nixon White House critique

    Martha Rosler combined a publicity photo of Pat Nixon with an image of a Vietnam War casualty, highlighting the disconnect between American propaganda and the reality of war.

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    Julian Schnabel's 'pastiche' in 'Exile'

    Julian Schnabel's artwork 'Exile' exemplifies the concept of pastiche by combining seemingly disparate elements like antlers, a toy doll, an old man's image, and references to Caravaggio.

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    Study Notes

    Institutional Critique

    • Critiquing an institution, often a museum or gallery, as artistic practice.

    Performance Art

    • Art involving the human body, often in front of an audience.

    Postmodernism

    • Intellectual movement and cultural attitude after World War II.
    • Focuses on cultural pluralism and freedom from established Western ideas.

    Pictures Generation

    • Art movement influenced by 1960s/70s social/political issues.
    • Photographers recontextualized popular images.

    Subjects of History

    • Narrative scenes from classical mythology, the Bible and history, often allegorical.

    Pictorial Photography

    • Approach emphasizing beauty of subject, tonality and composition over documentation.
    • Example: Sam Taylor-Wood.

    Body Art

    • Art using the human body as both subject and object.

    Pastiche

    • Mix of incongruous parts; often satirically imitating other artists' work.
    • Example: Julian Schnabel.

    Renewal of Drawing (foregrounding of erasure)

    • William Kentridge.
    • Drawing technique involving erasure and recording changes with stop-motion camera work.
    • Combines drawing and film.

    Identity

    • Attempt to reflect on historical art biases (non-white, male, hetero-normative).
    • Example: Carrie Mae Weems.

    Virtuality

    • Computer-generated imagery of objects, people, and experiences.
    • Challenges conventional representations.

    Feminism

    • Movement seeking recognition and equality for women artists.
    • Questions assumptions about womanhood.
    • Example: Judy Chicago and Mary Kelly.

    Textuality

    • All attributes of a communication context that distinguish it as a subject of study.

    Abject Art

    • Art exploring themes that violate ideas of cleanliness and propriety, often referencing the body.
    • Example: Barbara Kruger.

    Installation Art

    • Three-dimensional artwork that transforms a space through its design.
    • Example: Douglas Gordon and Bill Viola.

    Globalism

    • Abstraction representing art from all over the world at the same time.

    Conceptual Art

    • Art where the idea is more important than the final product.
    • Example: John Baldessari and Michael Asher.

    Sculpture in the Expanded Field

    • Krauss Theory of expanding the definition of sculpture.
    • Moving from traditional architecture and landscape ideas.

    Institutional Critique (2)

    • Art movement reacting to institutions (like museums), created by questioning their practices.

    Real-Time-Social System

    • Hans Haacke.
    • Work documenting ownership and control within urban space (using photographs, maps and financial records.)

    Performance Art (2)

    • Carolee Schneemann, Body/Eye (1963) and Vito Acconci, Trademarks (1970).
    • Feminist expression and performance explorations of the body in art.

    Reevaluating History and Subjects of History

    • Artists like Felix Gonzalez-Torres, Fred Wilson, and Carrie Mae Weems are included

    Postmodernism (2)

    • Postmodernist pieces include: Cindy Sherman, Untitled Film Still #7 (1978) and Sarah Charlesworth (April 21, 1978).
    • Neoconservative Postmodernism and Post-Structural Postmodernism.
    • Julian Schnabel and Martha Rosler.

    Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (1975)

    • Laura Mulvey's essay on mainstream film.
    • Patriarchal unconscious and voyeurism.

    GROUP MATERIAL (AIDS Timeline)

    • A representation examining chronological relationships in response to social needs and demands

    Considering History Subjects

    • Felix Gonzalez-Torres' (USA Today, 1990) and Fred Wilson's (Mining the Museum, 1992) work engages the presentation of history

    Feminism and Art

    • Judy Chicago's The Dinner Party (1974-9), Mary Kelly's Post-Partem Document: Documentation VI(1978)

    Conceptual Art (2)

    • Include John Baldessari and Michael Asher

    Pastiche (2)

    • Example artists: Caravaggio, Antlers (a specific artwork title or form) and Julian Schnabel (Exile, 1980).

    HIV/AIDS and the Body

    • Robert Gober’s work addresses the body as a subject affected by epidemics, disease, and trauma.

    Large-Scale Video Projection

    • Bill Viola's The Crossing (1996).

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    Description

    Explore various art movements and critiques, including Institutional Critique, Performance Art, and Postmodernism. This quiz delves into the significance of each movement and their impact on contemporary art practices. Test your knowledge of the evolution of artistic expression and narrative techniques.

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