Art in History Chapter 12 Flashcards

Study Notes

History Focus (1750-1850)

The Industrial Revolution initiated major societal shifts in Europe, transitioning from hand labor to machinery.
Urban migration increased as people sought factory jobs, contributing to the rise of the middle class and struggles of the working class.
European colonization of Africa was driven by the need for raw materials, while Africa largely remained isolated.
Japan experienced a growing merchant class amid the backdrop of the Opium Wars between China and Great Britain.

Race and Art

Artworks play a dual role in identity formation for racial groups and in challenging negative stereotypes.
Subject matter often revolves around ethnic history, values, and critiques of racism.
Media commonly employed include painting, photography, and performance art emphasizing race and identity.

Gender Issues in Art

Cultural definitions shape acceptable behaviors for genders, which are often reflected in artwork.
Gender roles, social restrictions, and cultural ideals about femininity and masculinity are persistent themes.
Artistic styles range from realistic depictions to historical representations of gender roles.

Clan Dynamics

A clan is defined as a group united by blood or marriage ties, enhancing the sense of extended family through art.
Clan art symbolizes and solidifies ancestry, reinforces history, and strengthens communal bonds.
Rituals often incorporate art to enhance ties and leadership within clans.

Class Structure in Art

Class is determined by shared economic, social, or political status, with boundaries that vary across cultures.
Artistic representation of class emphasizes social restrictions, lifestyle, and indicators of power.
Historical artworks depict ruling classes in idealized forms, while lower classes are shown in more naturalistic ways.

Significant Artworks and Artists

Marc Chagall’s "Over Vitebsk" captures Jewish experiences in Russia during the late 19th century.
James VanDerZee’s "Society Ladies" portrays the affluent figures of the Harlem Renaissance, uplifting their status.
Betye Saar’s "The Liberation of Aunt Jemima" critiques stereotypical depictions of African Americans in popular culture.
James Luna’s "The Artifact Piece" aims to deconstruct simplified representations of Native Americans.
Guerrilla Girls’ "Do Women Have to be Naked to Get into the Met. Museum?" addresses gender inequities in art.

Notable Artistic Representations of Gender

Peter Paul Rubens and Jacques-Louis David both illustrate culturally defined notions of femininity and masculinity in their works.
Marisol’s "The Family" provides insight into nuclear family dynamics in modern society.
Hung Liu’s "Trauma" connects the historical practice of footbinding in China to contemporary social issues.

Class Representation through Art

The portrayal of classes in art captures the lifestyles of both the affluent and the impoverished.
Diego Velazquez’s "Las Meninas" serves as a portrait of Spanish royalty, symbolizing status among the elite.
Dorothea Lange’s "Migrant Mother" serves as a poignant representation of the struggles faced by the poor during the Great Depression.
Kitagawa Utamaro’s woodblock prints reflect the tastes of the Japanese merchant class, highlighting cultural distinctions.

Rituals and Art

Large sculptures, like the Bisj Pole from Papua New Guinea, are integral to rituals that celebrate male power and fertility.
Art used in clan rituals reinforces communal identity and enhances the transmission of values across generations.

Description

This quiz focuses on Chapter 12 of Art in History, covering significant changes from 1750 to 1850. It explores the Industrial Revolution, urbanization, and European colonization of Africa, alongside the rise of the merchant class in Japan. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge of historical art contexts.