Art and Design Movements

Architecture

• Definition: The art and science of designing and building structures, taking into account aesthetics, functionality, and safety.
• Historical styles:
  • Ancient: Greek, Roman, Egyptian (e.g., Pyramids, Colosseum)
  • Medieval: Gothic, Romanesque (e.g., Notre Dame, Chartres Cathedral)
  • Renaissance: Revival of classical styles (e.g., St. Peter's Basilica)
  • Modern: Functionalism, Art Deco, Deconstructivism (e.g., Guggenheim Museum, Fallingwater)
• Famous architects:
  • Ancient: Vitruvius
  • Modern: Frank Lloyd Wright, I.M. Pei, Frank Gehry

Photography

• Definition: The art of capturing images using a camera, involving technical and creative skills.
• Types:
  • Portrait: Focusing on people (e.g., Ansel Adams)
  • Landscape: Capturing natural scenery (e.g., Ansel Adams)
  • Still Life: Inanimate objects (e.g., Edward Weston)
  • Documentary: Recording events, people, or places (e.g., Henri Cartier-Bresson)
• Photography movements:
  • Pictorialism (late 19th-early 20th centuries)
  • Modernism (mid-20th century)
  • Digital photography (late 20th century-present)

Sculpture

• Definition: The art of creating three-dimensional objects, using materials like stone, metal, wood, or clay.
• Types:
  • Figurative: Representing realistic forms (e.g., Michelangelo's David)
  • Abstract: Non-representational, focusing on shape, color, and texture (e.g., Henry Moore)
  • Installation: Interactive, often site-specific works (e.g., Anish Kapoor)
• Famous sculptors:
  • Ancient: Phidias (Greek), Michelangelo (Renaissance)
  • Modern: Auguste Rodin, Constantin Brancusi, Claes Oldenburg