Questions and Answers
What is Neoclassicism? Name two prominent Neoclassical painters and describe their work.
Neoclassicism is a style that developed toward the end of the 18th century, characterized by simplicity and straight lines, harsh sculptural lines, a subdued palette, and planar recession into space. Prominent painters include Jacques Louis David, known for balancing emotion and restraint, and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, recognized for harsh linearity and a combination of smoothness and sensuality in his works.
In what ways did Romanticism differ from Neoclassicism?
Romanticism sought extremes of emotion, enhanced by virtuoso brushwork and a brilliant palette, and was influenced by the Industrial Revolution.
Describe the work of Delacroix. How did it differ from Neoclassical painting?
Delacroix advocated spontaneity in painting directly on canvas without meticulous preparatory sketches.
What is the subject of Goya's The Third of May?
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What was Academic art? How did it differ from the art styles of the time?
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What was realism? Describe the Realists' style of painting.
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Discuss the theory and technique of Impressionism. Name three Impressionist painters.
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What was Post Impressionism? What were the concerns that motivated the Post-Impressionists?
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What method did Seurat employ in his work? Describe his work.
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What was Cézanne's most significant stride?
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Describe the work of Van Gogh. Why does the book say his life 'epitomizes the cliché of the artist'?
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Which artists are termed American Expatriates?
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What was the Hudson River School?
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What was Art Nouveau? Name a building done in this style.
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Who was one of the founders of Fauvism?
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Describe the characteristics of Fauvism.
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What are the two types of Expressionism? How do they differ?
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What are the two types of Cubism? Who were the leaders of the Cubist movement?
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Name the leader of the Dada art movement and discuss his work.
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What are the two types of Surrealism? Who were the leaders of the Surrealist movement?
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Study Notes
Neoclassicism
- Developed in the late 18th century, reviving classical Greek and Roman art.
- Characterized by simplicity, straight lines, harsh sculptural lines, and a subdued palette.
- Prominent painters: Jacques Louis David, known for balancing emotion and restraint, and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, recognized for harsh linearity and sensuality.
Differences between Romanticism and Neoclassicism
- Romanticism emphasized extreme emotions and vibrant brushwork.
- Influenced by the Industrial Revolution, differing from Neoclassicism's focus on order and restraint.
Eugene Delacroix's Work
- Advocated spontaneous painting directly on canvas.
- Contrasted with Neoclassical painting, which relied on meticulous preparatory sketches.
Goya's The Third of May
- Commemorates the execution of Madrid citizens after the city fell to the French forces.
Academic Art
- Neoclassical style promoted by the Royal French Academy, nonexperimental.
- Differed from contemporary art by depicting unrealistic subject matter and rendering techniques.
Realism
- Realists depicted scenes as they observed them, emphasizing reality over perception.
Impressionism
- Rejected academic constraints, embraced a reliance on nature.
- Key artists included Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Edgar Degas.
Post-Impressionism
- Aimed to move from Impressionism's formlessness to a more personal form of expressionism.
Georges Seurat's Technique
- Employed Pointillism, utilizing small dots of color to create images.
Cézanne's Contribution
- Significant for collapsing space in his works and painting from multiple viewpoints.
Vincent van Gogh's Art
- Notable for long, expressive strokes conveying emotion.
- Life characterized by a lack of recognition until after his death, epitomizing the struggling artist cliché.
American Expatriates
- Artists like Mary Cassatt and James Whistler who lived and worked in Europe while maintaining American connections.
Hudson River School
- A collective of artists focused on landscapes of the Hudson River Valley and Catskill Mountains.
Art Nouveau
- Ornamental style from the 1890s featuring floral patterns and whiplash curves.
- The Casa Mila Apartment House by Antonio Gaudi is a prominent example.
Fauvism
- Founded by Henri Matisse, characterized by harsh colors, bold patterns, and distorted perspectives.
Types of Expressionism
- The Bridge: focused on bridging various styles.
- Blue Rider: emphasized abstract forms and pure colors without representational subjects.
Cubism
- Comprised of Analytic and Synthetic forms, led by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
- Synthetic Cubism incorporates found materials.
Dada Movement
- Marcel Duchamp was a principal figure, using art to challenge and dismantle traditional art concepts.
Types of Surrealism
- Illusionistic Surrealism: represents irrationality through realistic, dream-like images.
- Automatist Surrealism: emphasizes subconscious expression through spontaneous abstraction.
- Key figures include Salvador Dali and Joan Miro.
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Test your knowledge of Neoclassicism and its prominent artists with these flashcards drawn from Art 101. Explore key concepts, styles, and contributions of painters like Jacque Louis David and Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Perfect for reviewing before your final exam!