Ch. 7 Army Operations in Maritime Environments
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Questions and Answers

Army operations in maritime environments are uniquely dependent on unity of effort and integrated, collaborative planning with joint headquarters and subordinate echelons.

True (A)

The success of Army operations in the maritime environment are uniquely dependent on ______ of effort.

unity

Who is typically the joint force commander (JFC) for major maritime operations?

  • A civilian leader
  • A senior Army officer
  • A senior Air Force officer
  • A senior Navy officer (correct)

    • What is the importance of Army commanders maintaining situational understanding in maritime environments?

    <p>Maintaining situational understanding ensures that Army operations do not negatively impact other operations or units, especially in an environment where long distances and sporadic network connectivity are prevalent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following military branches with their roles in maritime operations:

    <p>Army = Provides ground forces and logistical support Navy = Provides naval forces, including ships and submarines Air Force = Provides airpower and aerial surveillance Marine Corps = Provides amphibious assault and expeditionary forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What document provides additional information on the joint planning process?

    <p>JP 5-0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Planning for maritime operations requires collaboration only at the highest echelons of command, not within subordinate units.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is collaboration and integration important in maritime operations across warfighting and joint functions?

    <p>It ensures a cohesive and well-coordinated approach to operations, considering the unique challenges and complexities of a maritime environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main planning and resource considerations for a Joint Operating Area (JOA)?

    <p>C2, Movement &amp; Maneuver, Sustainment, Intelligence, Fires, Protection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Joint Operating Area (JOA) is established for operations within a specific geographical area without limitations on scope or duration.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Joint Security Area (JSA)?

    <p>A JSA is a specific area within a Joint Operating Area (JOA) designated by the Joint Force Commander (JFC) for security purposes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A theater army headquarters or a ______ command may be responsible for conducting theater sustainment operations from a designated Joint Security Area.

    <p>theater sustainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>JOA = Area of operations specifically designated for joint military operations that are limited in scope or duration. JSA = An area within a JOA designated by the JFC for security purposes AO = Operational area defined by a commander for land and maritime forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a maritime environment, JSAs are typically located in areas actively engaged in combat.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain how the designation of subordinate AOs in a maritime environment can contribute to operational success.

    <p>Subordinate AOs allow for greater freedom of action, maintain operational tempo, and maximize available combat power. This is particularly relevant in maritime environments due to the dynamic nature of operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may require Army forces to operate with a noncontiguous area of operations (AO)?

    <p>Small island chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of maritime littoral regions?

    <p>Coastal plains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tidal changes can impact vehicle mobility even in areas with causeways or engineer support.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary transit routes through the Arctic?

    <p>The Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Arctic region is influenced by maritime considerations and encompasses parts of the areas of responsibility of ____ different geographic combatant commands.

    <p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following maritime littoral region categories with their descriptions:

    <p>Enclosed and semi-enclosed seas = Bodies of water surrounded by a landmass and connected to either an ocean or another enclosed sea by a connecting body of water Islands = Single land masses surrounded by a body of water Archipelagoes = Groups of islands Open seas = Unenclosed bodies of water, typically outside of territorial boundaries Marginal seas = Portions of open seas or oceans that bound land masses such as peninsulas, islands, and archipelagos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that significantly impacts military operations in the Arctic region?

    <p>Extreme temperatures, long periods of darkness and extended daylight, high latitudes, seasonally changing terrain, and rapidly changing weather patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Arctic region is not considered a potential area for armed conflict.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some environmental factors that impact the operational and mission variables in the Arctic region?

    <p>Extreme temperatures, long periods of darkness and extended daylight, high latitudes, seasonally changing terrain, and rapidly changing weather patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Japanese invasion of Malaya was a well-planned and executed operation, demonstrating the effectiveness of aggressive action across various domains.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a faulty assumption made by the Allied forces in defending Malaya?

    <p>The dense jungle terrain would impede enemy ground movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two British warships were sunk by the Japanese during the invasion of Malaya?

    <p>The battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Japanese launched a successful ____ assault on the northern coasts of Malaya.

    <p>night amphibious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assumptions with the corresponding reality experienced by the Allied forces in Malaya:

    <p>Sufficient warning of an attack = The Japanese launched a surprise attack with little warning. Dense jungle terrain would impede enemy movement = The jungle hindered the defenders more than the Japanese. Enemy main effort would come from the sea = The Japanese advanced along the eastern coast. Air force superiority = The Japanese air force proved superior to the Allied air force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key factor that contributed to the Japanese victory in Malaya?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where did the Japanese forces launch their invasion of Malaya?

    <p>French Indochina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Allied forces in Malaya were initially outnumbered by the Japanese forces.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lethality of large-scale combat operations can be mitigated by the strong social fabric and economic viability of small islands.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two key considerations for base infrastructure materials in the Arctic environment?

    <p>High thermal efficiency and long-term durability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In austere environments, force sustainment operations can be complicated by ______ like ice and snow that render critical infrastructure inoperable.

    <p>seasonal factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential challenge in supplying higher-level care facilities in remote island locations?

    <p>Inadequate access to specialized medical personnel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following environmental factors with their potential impact on infrastructure in the Arctic:

    <p>Extreme temperatures = Deterioration of materials due to freeze and thaw cycles Permafrost degradation = Foundation instability and structural damage Seasonal thaws = Temporary disruption of transportation routes Ice and snow = Obstacles to transportation and access to facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Overt activities threatening surprise should be maximized to ensure enemy awareness.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical component of a landing force?

    <p>Air Support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ designates the landing forces commander.

    <p>JFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective to be achieved through deception operations during an amphibious landing?

    <p>To achieve surprise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are opposed landings in a maritime environment considered one of the most challenging and dangerous military operations?

    <p>High risk of enemy resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of forces with their respective roles in a landing force:

    <p>Maneuver = Responsible for conducting the main assault and seizing objectives. Protection = Provides security for the landing force, including defensive measures. Tactical Echelon Sustainment = Supports the force with logistics, medical care, and other essential services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two types of operations that contribute to setting conditions for a successful amphibious operation.

    <p>Supporting operations and pre-landing operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphibious operations require little coordination between Army and joint capabilities, as the focus is primarily on the landing force.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Army Operations in Maritime Environments

    • War's objective is destroying enemy capacity and will to fight, forcing acceptance of the victor's will. This is often achieved through pressure on land and sea (and air, in more modern conflicts).
    • Optimum pressure is achieved through physical occupation (best on land).
    • Maritime environments present unique characteristics and challenges for Army operations.
    • Land masses near water create maritime choke points, enable force projection, and contain most of the world's population. Control of these land masses is the ultimate objective.
    • Maritime operations require integrated joint force planning and coordination with other services.
    • Maritime environments include littoral areas (seaward and landward).
    • Littoral regions include enclosed/semi-enclosed seas, islands, archipelagos, open seas, and marginal seas.
    • Islands vary in size and geology, including jungle, savanna, arctic, or desert environments. Unique considerations (cold weather, jungle, etc.) must be addressed.
    • Arctic regions are influenced by maritime considerations, competition, and possible conflict.
    • Numerous international responsibilities/relationships exist, along with varying geopolitical pressures.
    • Challenges in a predominantly maritime environment include operational reach and the impact of space and time on reinforcement; remoteness leading to vulnerability.
    • Threats to Army forces in a maritime theater include those in other theaters, plus unique maritime considerations.
    • Joint force operations in maritime environments require a shared understanding of the threats and constraints, including the dynamic nature of them (in contrast to land-based environments which are typically more static).
    • Terrain, climate, and infrastructure variability in maritime environments pose challenges to military operations.
    • Maintaining control of key terrain in the face of multiple threats is crucial.
    • Friendly forces often will be stationed in widely dispersed locations.
    • Protection of friendly forces in a maritime environment needs to address numerous factors.
    • Considerations for physical isolation in a maritime environment need to be addressed (for personnel, equipment, and supplies) as well.
    • Enemy forces may employ asymmetric tactics.
    • Intelligence preparation of the battlefield must adjust to maritime environments (considering likely enemy actions).

    Maritime Environment Planning and Operational Framework

    • Amphibious warfare requires cooperation from all combatant services in planning and execution.
    • Planning should reflect understanding of maritime factors, such as tides, wind, and currents.
    • Army planning should account for impact of waves, tides, winds, and currents to equipment and operations.
    • Maritime operations require consideration of factors affecting friendly and enemy forces (e.g., coastal terrain compositions, geographic areas).
    • Joint operations may need to occur across widely dispersed geographical locations.
    • Commanders and staffs need to be able to understand the impact of maritime factors (and other factors of maritime environments) on planned operations.
    • Effective planning considers possible implications of enemy actions for friendly forces.
    • Maritime operations need to consider the capabilities, locations, and actions of enemy forces, including enemy courses of action unique to maritime environments.

    Deep, Close, and Rear Operations in Maritime Environments

    • Deep operations in a maritime environment might involve defeating enemy anti-access capabilities with intelligence and special operations forces.
    • Close operations will involve activities such as airborne or amphibious operations to seize key terrain.
    • Rear operations in a maritime environment will involve operations designed to support the broader joint force effort in the wider theater.

    Establish Command and Control

    • Size and distance between locations in a maritime theater often require significant command and control adaptations and measures.
    • Protection of friendly forces and assets through a comprehensive security posture (active and passive).
    • Coordinating across components (and potentially other nations) to ensure unity of effort.
    • Protection and augmentation of other services is critical in the maritime theater due to the isolation of forces.
    • Ensuring that Army forces are not subject to unnecessary threats.
    • Commanders and staff need to identify potential issues affecting survivability for friendly forces.

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    Ch. 7 Army Ops in Maritime Environment PDF

    Description

    Explore the complexities of Army operations in maritime environments. This quiz covers the unique challenges presented by littoral regions, integrating joint force planning, and the strategic importance of controlling coastal areas. Test your understanding of how geographical features influence military strategy.

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