Arm Muscles, Vessels, and Nerves Anatomy

The brachial veins are a pair of veins that run alongside the brachial artery in the arm. They receive tributaries that accompany branches of the brachial artery.

The musculocutaneous nerve is a nerve that originates from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, passes through the coracobrachialis muscle, and innervates the anterior compartment of the arm.

The triceps brachii muscle is the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm. It originates from the scapula, humerus, and inserts at the olecranon process of the ulna.

The profunda brachii artery is the largest branch of the brachial artery. It supplies the posterior compartment of the arm and gives off branches to the radial collateral artery and the middle collateral artery.

The radial nerve is a nerve that originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, passes through the posterior compartment of the arm, and innervates the triceps brachii, brachioradialis, and extensor carpi radialis muscles.

The thoracolumbar fascia is a thick layer of fascia that covers the deep muscles of the anterolateral trunk. It is continuous with the deep fascia of the neck and is attached superiorly to the occipital protuberance.

The trapezius muscle is a large muscle that is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI).

The serratus posterior superior muscle is a muscle that is located under the longissimus muscle. It is an extrinsic muscle of the back, meaning it moves the rib cage.

A muscle located in the anterior arm, originating at the apex of the coracoid process and inserting on the midshaft of the humerus. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve and acts primarily as a flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

A large muscle in the anterior arm with two heads: long head originating at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and short head at the apex of the coracoid process. It inserts on the radial tuberosity, is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, and acts as a flexor of both the arm and forearm, as well as a supinator of the forearm.

The deepest muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm, originating on both medial and lateral surfaces of the humerus. It inserts on the tuberosity of the ulna, is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, and primarily acts as a powerful flexor of the forearm at the elbow joint.

The main artery of the upper arm, branching off from the axillary artery. Located medially in the proximal arm and switching to the lateral side distally. It supplies the arm with blood.

A deep vein that runs alongside the brachial artery in the arm. It's part of the deep venous system responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A superficial vein found on the medial side of the arm. It runs vertically in the distal half of the arm and ultimately connects to the axillary vein.

A superficial vein located on the anterolateral aspect of the arm. It runs superiorly, ascends through the axilla, and eventually merges with the axillary vein.

A network of veins lying just beneath the skin, easily visible due to their bluish color. They are distinct from the deeper veins that run alongside arteries.