30 Questions
According to Socrates, what did he suggest as a key principle?
Know Thyself
What did Socrates believe about human life after death?
Every human possesses an immortal soul
What did Socrates consider as the soul's tool to achieve an exalted state of life?
Reason
Which ancient Greek philosopher heavily explored the philosophical framework for understanding the self?
Plato
What does the self strive for according to Socrates?
Wisdom and perfection
According to ancient Greek philosophy, what is the nature of the self?
Immutable and eternal
According to Aristotle, which kind of soul allows things to grow?
Vegetative
What did St. Augustine believe is the essence of the human person?
The soul
How did St. Augustine view the relationship between the physical body and the soul?
They are united for completeness
What did Aristotle suggest is the rational nature of the self?
Leading a fulfilling life
According to St. Augustine, how is self-knowledge attained?
By knowing God
What did St. Augustine believe about human creation in relation to God?
Humans are created in God's image and likeness
According to Aquinas, what is the key to achieving happiness?
Living a life of virtue
What did Descartes believe about the relationship between the soul and the body?
The soul and body are independent and can exist without each other
How did Locke propose personal identity is primarily constructed?
Based on sensory experiences
What did Aquinas believe about the nature of man?
Man is rational and has the capacity to know and love God
In Descartes' view, what is the essence of the self?
A thinking entity that doubts, understands, and reasons
What did Locke propose as the primary source of personal identity construction?
Sensory experiences such as what we see, hear, smell, taste, and feel
According to David Hume, what is the nature of the self?
Just a bundle of different perceptions, sensations, and thoughts
According to Immanuel Kant, how does the self relate to experiencing an intelligible world?
The self transcends sense experience through rationality
How does Paul Churchland define the nature of the self?
The physical brain
What role does consciousness play in John Locke's view of personal identity?
Being what makes possible our belief in the same identity in different situations
In Gilbert Ryle's perspective, how is the self defined?
As the way we do things
What is the central idea behind David Hume's view on personal identity?
There is no fixed self, only a bundle of perceptions and sensations
What does the Socratic method involve?
Carefully examining our thoughts and emotions for self knowledge
In Plato's view, when there is conflict among the three elements of ourselves, who does he believe should exert control?
Reason
What according to Socrates, is the key to attaining wisdom and a happy life?
Virtue and self-knowledge through soul-searching
Which soul element is responsible for basic emotions like love, anger, and empathy?
Spirited/passion soul
Aristotle views the body and soul as:
One unified entity
What is considered the most important aspect according to Plato?
Goodness
Test your knowledge on Aristotle's theories about the soul, including the idea that the soul is the essence of the self and the classification of three kinds of soul: vegetative, sentient, and rational.
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