Arguments for Christ's Eternality

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What is the significance of the imperfect tense in John 1:1?

It stresses continual existence in past time.

What is the significance of the present tense in John 8:58?

Christ was continually existing before Abraham.

How does Micah 5:2 teach the eternality of Christ?

Bethlehem was not His beginning; he had existed from the days of eternity.

What are the arguments for identifying the angel of the Lord as a preincarnate appearance of Christ?

<ol> <li>The angel of the Lord is referred to as deity</li> <li>The angel of the Lord is distinct from Yahweh because He talks to Yahweh</li> <li>He cannot be the Father or the Spirit because neither ever revealed themselves in physical form</li> <li>He ceases to appear after the birth of Christ</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Genesis 3:15 called the protevangelium, and how does this verse point to the virgin birth?

<p>It is the first prophecy about Christ; &quot;her seed&quot; concerns Mary alone and points to the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Genesis 12:2 a prophecy of Christ?

<p>God promised Abraham He would make his name great, suggesting the Messiah would come from Abraham's posterity; this is fulfilled in Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible interpretations of "Shiloh" in Genesis 49:10?

<p>As a title of Messiah meaning &quot;Man of rest&quot;, &quot;pacifier, peace-maker&quot;, &quot;Until He comes to whom it belongs&quot; &quot;to Him shall be the obedience of the peoples&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consistent usage of the Hebrew term almah in Isaiah 7:14?

<p>&quot;virgin&quot;; never refers to a maiden who has lost her virginity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Psalm depicts in detail the sufferings of Christ?

<p>Psalm 22.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Psalm 2 predict regarding Christ?

<p>Installation of Christ as King in Jerusalem, ruling over all the nations of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the incarnation?

<p>&quot;in flesh&quot;; denotes the act whereby the eternal Son of God took to Himself an additional nature, humanity, through the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the genealogies of Matthew and Luke similar, and how are they different?

<p>Similar: both trace Jesus to David and emphasize His rightful claim as heir to the throne of David. Different: Matthew describes Joseph's lineage, so Jesus' right to the Davidic throne comes through Joseph; Luke cites Jesus' descent through Mary to Adam, connecting Christ with the predicted seed of the woman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, why was the virgin birth necessary?

<p>It was the means whereby the incarnation took place and guaranteed the sinlessness of the Son of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the humanity of Christ necessary?

<p>Jesus had to be a man if He was to represent fallen humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What epistle was written to dispel the doctrinal error that denies the true humanity of Christ?

<p>First John.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 categories of evidence for the humanity of Christ?

<ol> <li>He was virgin born</li> <li>He had a true body of flesh and blood</li> <li>He had normal development</li> <li>He had a human soul and spirit</li> <li>He had the characteristics of a human being</li> <li>He had human names</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Luke 2:52 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>It shows His development in 4 areas: mental, physical, spiritual, and social; He developed in His knowledge of things, He grew in His physical body, He developed in His spiritual awareness, He developed in His social relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 11:33 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>He felt emotion in His human spirit at the death of Lazarus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was C. S. Lewis's argument for the deity of Christ?

<p>He was a liar, lunatic, or Lord; it's impossible to designate Him &quot;good teacher&quot; because He claimed to be much more than a teacher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Philippians 2:6 mean when it says that Christ existed in the "form" (morphe) of God?

<p>He is declared to be all God is, to possess the whole fulness of attributes which makes God God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the deity of Christ necessary?

<p>If Jesus were only man, He could not have died to save the world, but because of His deity, His death had infinite value whereby He could die for the entire world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 categories of evidence for the deity of Christ?

<ol> <li>His names</li> <li>His attributes</li> <li>His works</li> <li>His worship</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hebrews 1:8 (cf. Ps. 45:6-7) contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>The writer states the superiority of Christ to angels and ascribes Psalm 45 to Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 20:28 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>Thomas confessed &quot;My Lord and My God&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Granville Sharpe rule of Greek grammar, and how does it affect the interpretation of Titus 2:13?

<p>When 2 nouns are joined by kai (and) and the first noun has the article and the second does not, then the two nouns refer to the same thing; &quot;great God&quot; and &quot;Savior&quot; both refer to &quot;Christ Jesus&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know what the title Son of God was a claim to?

<p>The Jews understood the claim by saying that He was &quot;making himself equal with God&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Colossians 1:17 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>It teaches that Christ is the cohesive force of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the hypostatic union?

<p>When Christ came, a person came, not just a nature; He took on an additional nature, a human nature—He did not simply dwell in a human person; the result of the union of the two natures is the theanthropic Person (the God-man).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 facts does Enns note in summarizing the hypostatic union?

<ol> <li>Christ has two distinct natures: humanity and deity</li> <li>There is no mix of the two natures</li> <li>Although he has two natures, Christ is one person</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Enns' 2 main points in analyzing the kenosis in Philippians 2:7.

<ol> <li> <p>Christ merely surrendered the independent exercise of some of His relative or transitive attributes. He did not surrender the absolute or immanent attributes in any sense; He was always perfectly holy, just merciful, truthful, faithful</p> </li> <li> <p>Christ took to Himself an additional nature</p> </li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the earthly life of Christ important to Christology?

<p>It authenticates Jesus of Nazareth as the promised Messiah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Gospels consists of the words of Christ?

<p>Almost half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the overall role of the miracles that Jesus performed?

<p>They were attestations to His deity and messiahship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Substitution.

<p>One in place of another; substitutionary death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Redemption.

<p>Christ purchased believers out of the slave market and set them free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Reconciliation.

<p>Man who was once estranged and alienated from God is now at peace with Him.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Propitiation.

<p>the righteous demands of a holy God were fully satisfied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Forgiveness.

<p>His death resulted in forgiveness for sinners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define Justification.

<p>Negative- the removal of believers' sins</p> <p>Positive- bestowal of Christ's righteousness upon the believer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 2 Greek prepositions teach the substitutionary aspect of Christ's death?

<p><code>anti</code> and <code>huper</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the doctrine of substitution important?

<p>The righteous demands of a holy God were met completely through Christ's complete payment for sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 points regarding importance of the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The resurrection determines the validity of the Christian faith</li> <li>It was the guarantee of the Father's acceptance of the Son's work</li> <li>It was essential in the program of God</li> <li>It fulfilled the prophecies concerning his resurrection</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 proofs for the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The empty tomb</li> <li>The shape of the linen wrappings</li> <li>The resurrection appearances</li> <li>The transformed disciples</li> <li>Observance of the first day of the week</li> <li>Existence of the church</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument for the peccability of Christ, and why does Enns reject this position?

<p>If the temptation as Heb. 4:15 says was genuine then Christ had to be able to sin, otherwise the temptation was not real temptation. It does not sufficiently consider Christ in His person as God as well as man; temptation does not demand the ability to sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, what was the purpose of Christ's temptation?

<p>To show that He could not sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 7 evidences of the impeccability of Christ?

<ol> <li>Immutability of Christ- He is unchangeable and therefore could not sin</li> <li>Omnipotence of Christ</li> <li>Omniscience of Christ</li> <li>Deity of Christ</li> <li>Nature of temptation- for sin to take place there must be an inner response to the outward temptation, and Jesus did not possess a sin nature</li> <li>The will of Christ</li> <li>The authority of Christ</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How are the 3 offices of Christ the key to the purpose of the incarnation?

<p>Prophetic office- involved with revealing God's message</p> <p>Priestly office- related to His saving and intercessory work</p> <p>Kingly office- gave him the right to reign over Israel and the entire Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 2 main categories of Christ's present ministry?

<ol> <li>Christ is building His church</li> <li>Christ is praying for believers</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term advocate in 1 John 2:1?

<p>defense attorney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of John 1:1-3 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus (the Word) is God because He has always been with God and because He made everything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of Colossians 1:15-17 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus is God and is thus the Ruler and Creator of all that exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of 1 Timothy 3:16?

<p>Christ humbled Himself to become man and has now returned to His exalted position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the prophecy in Isaiah 7:14 being fulfilled?

<p>Jesus became a human being to identify with mankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hebrews 2:14, why did Jesus become human?

<p>Jesus became human so that He could die.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of Isaiah 53:4-6?

<p>Jesus died for man's sins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What point is made about Jesus' humanity and deity in Philippians 2:6-8?

<p>Jesus' humanity does not detract from His deity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the imperfect tense in John 1:1?

<p>It stresses continual existence in past time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the present tense in John 8:58?

<p>Christ was continually existing before Abraham.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Micah 5:2 teach the eternality of Christ?

<p>Bethlehem was not His beginning; he had existed from the days of eternity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the arguments for identifying the angel of the Lord as a preincarnate appearance of Christ?

<ol> <li>The angel of the Lord is referred to as deity.</li> <li>The angel of the Lord is distinct from Yahweh because He talks to Yahweh.</li> <li>He cannot be the Father or the Spirit because neither ever revealed themselves in physical form.</li> <li>He ceases to appear after the birth of Christ.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Genesis 3:15 called the protevangelium, and how does this verse point to the virgin birth?

<p>It is the first prophecy about Christ; 'her seed' concerns Mary alone and points to the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Genesis 12:2 a prophecy of Christ?

<p>God promised Abraham He would make his name great, suggesting the Messiah would come from Abraham's posterity; this is fulfilled in Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible interpretations of 'Shiloh' in Genesis 49:10?

<p>As a title of Messiah meaning 'Man of rest,' 'pacifier, peace-maker,' 'Until He comes to whom it belongs,' 'to Him shall be the obedience of the peoples.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consistent usage of the Hebrew term almah in Isaiah 7:14?

<p>'virgin'; never refers to a maiden who has lost her virginity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Psalm depicts in detail the sufferings of Christ?

<p>Psalm 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Psalm 2 predict regarding Christ?

<p>Installation of Christ as King in Jerusalem, ruling over all the nations of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the incarnation?

<p>'in flesh'; denotes the act whereby the eternal Son of God took to Himself an additional nature, humanity, through the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the genealogies of Matthew and Luke similar, and how are they different?

<p>Similar: both trace Jesus to David and emphasize His rightful claim as heir to the throne of David. Different: Matthew describes Joseph's lineage (legal right to the throne), tracing back to Abraham; Luke cites Jesus' descent through Mary (physical lineage), tracing back to Adam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, why was the virgin birth necessary?

<p>It was the means whereby the incarnation took place and guaranteed the sinlessness of the Son of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the humanity of Christ necessary?

<p>Jesus had to be a man if He was to represent fallen humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What epistle was written to dispel the doctrinal error that denies the true humanity of Christ?

<p>First John</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 categories of evidence for the humanity of Christ?

<ol> <li>He was virgin born.</li> <li>He had a true body of flesh and blood.</li> <li>He had normal development.</li> <li>He had a human soul and spirit.</li> <li>He had the characteristics of a human being (e.g., hunger, thirst, weariness, emotions).</li> <li>He had human names (Jesus, Son of Man).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Luke 2:52 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>It shows His development in 4 areas: mental ('wisdom'), physical ('stature'), spiritual ('favor with God'), and social ('favor with man'); He developed as a normal human child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 11:33 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>He felt emotion ('deeply moved in spirit and troubled') in His human spirit at the death of Lazarus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was C. S. Lewis's argument for the deity of Christ?

<p>He was a liar, lunatic, or Lord; it's impossible to designate Him merely a 'good teacher' because His claims about Himself (being God) were too radical for that category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Philippians 2:6 mean when it says that Christ existed in the 'form' (morphe) of God?

<p>He is declared to be all God is, to possess the whole fulness of attributes which makes God God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the deity of Christ necessary?

<p>If Jesus were only man, He could not have died to save the world, but because of His deity, His death had infinite value whereby He could die for the entire world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 categories of evidence for the deity of Christ?

<ol> <li>His names (God, Lord, Son of God).</li> <li>His attributes (eternality, omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, immutability).</li> <li>His works (creation, sustaining the universe, forgiving sin, judging).</li> <li>His worship (He received worship reserved for God).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hebrews 1:8 (cf. Ps. 45:6-7) contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>The writer quotes Psalm 45:6-7, applying it to Christ, where God the Father addresses the Son as 'God': 'Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 20:28 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>Thomas confessed 'My Lord and My God!' upon seeing the resurrected Christ, and Jesus accepted this declaration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Granville Sharp rule of Greek grammar, and how does it affect the interpretation of Titus 2:13?

<p>When 2 nouns are joined by kai (and) and the first noun has the article ('the') and the second does not, then the two nouns refer to the same thing. In Titus 2:13, 'the great God and Savior, Jesus Christ,' the rule indicates that 'great God' and 'Savior' both refer to the one person, 'Jesus Christ.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know what the title Son of God was a claim to?

<p>The Jews who heard Jesus use the title understood it as a claim to equality with God, accusing Him of blasphemy for 'making himself equal with God' (John 5:18; John 10:33).</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Colossians 1:17 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>It teaches that Christ is the cohesive force of the universe: 'He is before all things, and in him all things hold together.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the hypostatic union?

<p>When Christ came, a person came, not just a nature; He took on an additional nature, a human nature—He did not simply dwell in a human person. The result of the union of the two natures (divine and human) is the theanthropic Person (the God-man).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 facts does Enns note in summarizing the hypostatic union?

<ol> <li>Christ has two distinct natures: humanity and deity.</li> <li>There is no mixture or confusion of the two natures.</li> <li>Although he has two natures, Christ is one person.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Enns' 2 main points in analyzing the kenosis in Philippians 2:7.

<ol> <li>Christ merely surrendered the independent exercise of some of His relative or transitive attributes (like omnipresence, omniscience). He did not surrender the absolute or immanent attributes (like holiness, love, truth) in any sense.</li> <li>Christ took to Himself an additional nature (humanity).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the earthly life of Christ important to Christology?

<p>It authenticates Jesus of Nazareth as the promised Messiah and demonstrates the reality of the incarnation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Gospels consists of the words of Christ?

<p>Almost half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the overall role of the miracles that Jesus performed?

<p>They were attestations to His deity and messiahship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Substitution in the context of Christ's death?

<p>One in place of another; Christ died as a substitute in place of sinners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Redemption in the context of Christ's work?

<p>Christ purchased believers out of the slave market of sin and set them free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Reconciliation in the context of Christ's work?

<p>Man, who was once estranged and alienated from God due to sin, is now restored to fellowship and peace with Him through Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Propitiation in the context of Christ's death?

<p>The righteous demands of a holy God against sin were fully satisfied by Christ's sacrifice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Forgiveness in the context of Christ's death?

<p>His death resulted in the cancellation of the debt of sin for sinners who believe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of Justification in the context of Christ's work?

<p>Negative aspect: the removal of believers' sins and guilt. Positive aspect: the bestowal of Christ's perfect righteousness upon the believer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 2 Greek prepositions teach the substitutionary aspect of Christ's death?

<p>Anti (αντί) and huper (ὑπέρ).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the doctrine of substitution important?

<p>The righteous demands of a holy God against sin were met completely through Christ's complete payment for sin, making salvation possible for believers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 points regarding the importance of the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The resurrection determines the validity of the Christian faith.</li> <li>It was the guarantee of the Father's acceptance of the Son's work on the cross.</li> <li>It was essential in the program of God for salvation and future hope.</li> <li>It fulfilled the specific Old Testament prophecies concerning His resurrection.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 proofs for the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The empty tomb.</li> <li>The shape of the linen wrappings (suggesting a body passed through them).</li> <li>The numerous resurrection appearances of Christ.</li> <li>The transformation of the fearful disciples into bold witnesses.</li> <li>The apostles' shift in observance from the Sabbath (Saturday) to the first day of the week (Sunday).</li> <li>The existence and rapid growth of the Christian church.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument for the peccability of Christ, and why does Enns reject this position?

<p>Argument for peccability: If the temptation (as Hebrews 4:15 says) was genuine, then Christ had to possess the actual ability to sin, otherwise the temptation was not real. Enns' rejection: This view does not sufficiently consider Christ's divine nature alongside His human nature; real temptation tests faithfulness and can occur without the necessary possibility of yielding to sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, what was the purpose of Christ's temptation?

<p>To demonstrate that He was sinless and could not sin, thereby proving His qualification as the perfect sacrifice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 7 evidences for loafers impeccability of Christ?

<ol> <li>The immutability of Christ (as God, He is unchangingly holy).</li> <li>The omnipotence of Christ (His divine power overcame temptation).</li> <li>The omniscience of Christ (He understood the full scope of temptation and sin).</li> <li>The deity of Christ (God cannot sin).</li> <li>The nature of temptation (sin requires an inner sinful desire, which Jesus lacked).</li> <li>The unity of the will of Christ (His human will was always perfectly aligned with the divine will).</li> <li>The authority of Christ (He demonstrated authority over Satan during temptation).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How are the 3 offices of Christ (Prophet, Priest, King) the key to the purpose of the incarnation?

<p>Prophetic office: Involved revealing God's message and truth to humanity. Priestly office: Related to His saving work (sacrifice) and ongoing intercessory work. Kingly office: Gave Him the divine right and authority to reign over Israel and the entire Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 2 main categories of Christ's present ministry?

<ol> <li>Christ is building His church.</li> <li>Christ is praying for believers (intercession).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term advocate (parakletos) in 1 John 2:1?

<p>Defense attorney; one who pleads someone else's case before a judge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of John 1:1-3 regarding Christ?

<p>Jesus (the Word) is eternally God, was actively involved with God the Father from the beginning, and is the Creator of everything that exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of Colossians 1:15-17 regarding Christ?

<p>Jesus is the perfect image of the invisible God, supreme over all creation, the Creator of all things, and the One who sustains all existence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of 1 Timothy 3:16 regarding Christ?

<p>This verse summarizes key aspects of Christ's work: His incarnation ('appeared in the flesh'), vindication ('vindicated by the Spirit'), revelation ('seen by angels', 'preached among the nations'), reception ('believed on in the world'), and exaltation ('taken up in glory').</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of Isaiah 7:14 regarding Christ?

<p>It prophesies the virgin birth of Immanuel ('God with us'), indicating that Jesus would become a human being to identify with mankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of Hebrews 2:14 regarding Christ?

<p>Jesus became fully human ('shared in their humanity') so that by His death He could destroy the power of the devil and death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of Isaiah 53:4-6 regarding Christ?

<p>This passage prophesies the substitutionary atonement: the Suffering Servant (Jesus) would bear our griefs, sorrows, transgressions, and iniquities, dying for man's sins to bring healing and peace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central message of Philippians 2:6-8 regarding Christ?

<p>Although fully God, Jesus voluntarily humbled Himself, taking the nature of a servant by becoming human and obeying God even to the point of death on a cross. His humanity does not detract from His deity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the imperfect tense in John 1:1?

<p>It stresses continual existence in past time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the present tense in John 8:58?

<p>Christ was continually existing before Abraham.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Micah 5:2 teach the eternality of Christ?

<p>Bethlehem was not His beginning; he had existed from the days of eternity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the arguments for identifying the angel of the Lord as a preincarnate appearance of Christ?

<ol> <li>The angel of the Lord is referred to as deity</li> <li>The angel of the Lord is distinct from Yahweh because He talks to Yahweh</li> <li>He cannot be the Father or the Spirit because neither ever revealed themselves in physical form</li> <li>He ceases to appear after the birth of Christ</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is Genesis 3:15 called the protevangelium, and how does this verse point to the virgin birth?

<p>It is the first prophecy about Christ; &quot;her seed&quot; concerns Mary alone and points to the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Genesis 12:2 a prophecy of Christ?

<p>God promised Abraham He would make his name great, suggesting the Messiah would come from Abraham's posterity; this is fulfilled in Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible interpretations of "Shiloh" in Genesis 49:10?

<p>As a title of Messiah meaning &quot;Man of rest&quot;, &quot;pacifier, peace-maker&quot;, &quot;Until He comes to whom it belongs&quot; &quot;to Him shall be the obedience of the peoples&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consistent usage of the Hebrew term almah in Isaiah 7:14?

<p><code>almah</code> means &quot;virgin&quot;; it never refers to a maiden who has lost her virginity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Psalm depicts in detail the sufferings of Christ?

<p>Psalm 22</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Psalm 2 predict regarding Christ?

<p>Installation of Christ as King in Jerusalem, ruling over all the nations of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the incarnation?

<p>&quot;in flesh&quot;; denotes the act whereby the eternal Son of God took to Himself an additional nature, humanity, through the virgin birth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the genealogies of Matthew and Luke similar, and how are they different?

<p>Similar: both trace Jesus to David and emphasize His rightful claim as heir to the throne of David. Different: Matthew describes Joseph's lineage, so Jesus' right to the Davidic throne comes through Joseph; Luke cites Jesus' descent through Mary to Adam, connecting Christ with the predicted seed of the woman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, why was the virgin birth necessary?

<p>It was the means whereby the incarnation took place and guaranteed the sinlessness of the Son of God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the humanity of Christ necessary?

<p>Jesus had to be a man if He was to represent fallen humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What epistle was written to dispel the doctrinal error that denies the true humanity of Christ?

<p>First John</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 categories of evidence for the humanity of Christ?

<ol> <li>He was virgin born</li> <li>He had a true body of flesh and blood</li> <li>He had normal development</li> <li>He had a human soul and spirit</li> <li>He had the characteristics of a human being</li> <li>He had human names</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Luke 2:52 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>It shows His development in 4 areas: mental, physical, spiritual, and social; He developed in His knowledge of things, He grew in His physical body, He developed in His spiritual awareness, He developed in His social relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 11:33 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's humanity?

<p>He felt emotion in His human spirit at the death of Lazarus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was C. S. Lewis's argument for the deity of Christ?

<p>He was a liar, lunatic, or Lord; it's impossible to designate Him &quot;good teacher&quot; because He claimed to be much more than a teacher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Philippians 2:6 mean when it says that Christ existed in the "form" (morphe) of God?

<p>He is declared to be all God is, to possess the whole fulness of attributes which makes God God.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the deity of Christ necessary?

<p>If Jesus were only man, He could not have died to save the world, but because of His deity, His death had infinite value whereby He could die for the entire world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 categories of evidence for the deity of Christ?

<ol> <li>His names</li> <li>His attributes</li> <li>His works</li> <li>His worship</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How does Hebrews 1:8 (cf. Ps. 45:6-7) contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>The writer states the superiority of Christ to angels and ascribes Psalm 45 to Christ, where the Father calls the Son 'God'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does John 20:28 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>Thomas confessed &quot;My Lord and My God&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Granville Sharp rule of Greek grammar, and how does it affect the interpretation of Titus 2:13?

<p>When 2 nouns are joined by kai (and) and the first noun has the article and the second does not, then the two nouns refer to the same thing; &quot;great God&quot; and &quot;Savior&quot; both refer to &quot;Christ Jesus&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do we know that the title 'Son of God' was understood as a claim to deity?

<p>The Jews understood the claim, reacting by saying that He was &quot;making himself equal with God&quot;.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Colossians 1:17 contribute to the doctrine of Christ's deity?

<p>It teaches that Christ is the cohesive force of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the hypostatic union?

<p>When Christ came, a person came, not just a nature; He took on an additional nature, a human nature—He did not simply dwell in a human person; the result of the union of the two natures is the theanthropic Person (the God-man).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 3 facts does Enns note in summarizing the hypostatic union?

<ol> <li>Christ has two distinct natures: humanity and deity</li> <li>There is no mixture or confusion of the two natures</li> <li>Although he has two natures, Christ is one person</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain Enns' 2 main points in analyzing the kenosis in Philippians 2:7.

<ol> <li>Christ merely surrendered the independent exercise of some of His relative or transitive attributes. He did not surrender the absolute or immanent attributes in any sense; He was always perfectly holy, just merciful, truthful, faithful.</li> <li>Christ took to Himself an additional nature.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the earthly life of Christ important to Christology?

<p>It authenticates Jesus of Nazareth as the promised Messiah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the Gospels consists of the words of Christ?

<p>Almost half.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the overall role of the miracles that Jesus performed?

<p>They were attestations to His deity and messiahship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Substitution' in the context of Christ's death.

<p>One in place of another; Christ's substitutionary death means He died in the place of sinners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Redemption' in the context of Christ's work.

<p>Christ purchased believers out of the slave market of sin and set them free.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Reconciliation' in the context of Christ's work.

<p>Man, who was once estranged and alienated from God because of sin, is brought back into a peaceful relationship with Him through Christ.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Propitiation' in the context of Christ's death.

<p>The righteous demands of a holy God against sin were fully satisfied by Christ's death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Forgiveness' in the context of Christ's death.

<p>His death resulted in God being able to grant legal forgiveness for sinners who believe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'Justification' in the context of Christ's work.

<p>Negative aspect: the removal of believers' sins. Positive aspect: the bestowal of Christ's righteousness upon the believer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What 2 Greek prepositions teach the substitutionary aspect of Christ's death?

<p><code>anti</code> and <code>huper</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the doctrine of substitution important?

<p>The righteous demands of a holy God were met completely through Christ's complete payment for sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 4 points regarding the importance of the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The resurrection determines the validity of the Christian faith</li> <li>It was the guarantee of the Father's acceptance of the Son's work</li> <li>It was essential in the program of God</li> <li>It fulfilled the prophecies concerning his resurrection</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 6 proofs for the resurrection?

<ol> <li>The empty tomb</li> <li>The shape of the linen wrappings</li> <li>The resurrection appearances</li> <li>The transformed disciples</li> <li>Observance of the first day of the week</li> <li>Existence of the church</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument for the peccability of Christ, and why does Enns reject this position?

<p>Argument for peccability: If the temptation described in Hebrews 4:15 was genuine, then Christ had to be able to sin, otherwise the temptation was not real. Enns' rejection: This view does not sufficiently consider Christ in His person as God as well as man; temptation does not demand the ability to sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enns, what was the purpose of Christ's temptation?

<p>To show that He could not sin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 7 evidences (according to Enns) of the impeccability of Christ?

<ol> <li>Immutability of Christ - He is unchangeable and therefore could not sin</li> <li>Omnipotence of Christ</li> <li>Omniscience of Christ</li> <li>Deity of Christ</li> <li>Nature of temptation - for sin to take place there must be an inner response to the outward temptation, and Jesus did not possess a sin nature</li> <li>The will of Christ</li> <li>The authority of Christ</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How are the 3 offices of Christ (Prophet, Priest, King) the key to the purpose of the incarnation?

<p>Prophetic office: involved revealing God's message. Priestly office: related to His saving and intercessory work. Kingly office: gave him the right to reign over Israel and the entire Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Enns' 2 main categories of Christ's present ministry?

<ol> <li>Christ is building His church</li> <li>Christ is praying for believers</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term advocate in 1 John 2:1?

<p>Defense attorney.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of John 1:1-3 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus (the Word) is God because He has always existed with God and because He made everything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of Colossians 1:15-17 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus is God and is thus the Ruler and Creator of all that exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of 1 Timothy 3:16 regarding Jesus?

<p>Christ humbled Himself to become man and has now returned to His exalted position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Isaiah 7:14 for Christology?

<p>It prophesies the virgin birth of Jesus, signifying God becoming a human being (Immanuel, 'God with us') to identify with mankind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Hebrews 2:14, why did Jesus become human?

<p>Jesus became human so that He could die (and through death, defeat Satan).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of Isaiah 53:4-6 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus died substitutonarily for man's sins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point of Philippians 2:6-8 regarding Jesus?

<p>Jesus' humanity (His humbling Himself) does not detract from His essential deity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Imperfect tense in John 1:1

Stresses continual existence in past time.

Present tense in John 8:58

Christ was continually existing before Abraham.

Micah 5:2 and Christ's eternality

Bethlehem was not His beginning. He existed from eternity.

Angel of the Lord

Referred to as deity, distinct from but talks to Yahweh, doesn't appear after Christ's birth, not Father/Spirit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genesis 3:15: Protevangelium

First prophecy, 'her seed' refers only to Mary, indicating virgin birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genesis 12:2 and Christ

God promised Abraham a great name, fulfilled in Messiah (Christ).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Interpretations of 'Shiloh' in Genesis 49:10

Man of rest, peacemaker, or 'Until He comes to whom it belongs.'

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meaning of 'almah' in Isaiah 7:14

'Virgin'; never refers to a non-virgin maiden.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psalm detailing Christ's sufferings

Psalm 22

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psalm 2 predicts what?

Installation of Christ as King in Jerusalem, ruling over all nations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meaning of the incarnation

'In flesh'; eternal Son took humanity through the virgin birth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genealogies of Matthew and Luke

Both trace Jesus to David. Matthew: Joseph's line. Luke: Mary's line to Adam.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Virgin birth necessary because?

Means whereby incarnation took place, guaranteed sinlessness of the Son.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is the humanity of Christ necessary?

Jesus had to be a man to represent fallen humanity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epistle against denying Christ's humanity

First John

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' evidence for Christ's humanity

Virgin birth, true body, normal development, human soul/spirit, human characteristics, human names.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Luke 2:52 contribute to Christ's humanity

Shows mental, physical, spiritual, and social development.

Signup and view all the flashcards

John 11:33 contribute to Christ's humanity

Felt emotion in His human spirit at Lazarus' death.

Signup and view all the flashcards

C.S. Lewis's argument for Christ's deity

Liar, lunatic, or Lord; claimed more than just teacher

Signup and view all the flashcards

Philippians 2:6 'form' (morphe) of God means?

Possesses the whole fullness of attributes making God, God.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deity of Christ necessary because?

His death had infinite value to save the entire world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' evidence for Christ's deity

His names, attributes, works, worship.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hebrews 1:8 contribute deity of Christ

States Christ's superiority to angels, applies Psalm 45 to Him.

Signup and view all the flashcards

John 20:28 contribute deity of Christ

Thomas confessed, 'My Lord and My God'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Granville Sharpe rule

Two nouns joined by 'and', first with article, second without, refer to the same. 'Great God' and 'Savior' are 'Christ Jesus'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Son of God was a claim to?

Saying He was 'making himself equal with God'.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Colossians 1:17 and deity

Christ is the cohesive force of the universe.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meaning of the hypostatic union

Christ remains a person but took on an additional nature, a human nature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' facts about hypostatic union

Two distinct natures, no mix, but one person.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns analyzing kenosis Phil 2:7

Surrendered the independent exercise of some transitive attributes, took additional human nature.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Earthly life of Christ important?

Authenticates Jesus of Nazareth as the promised Messiah.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gospels, % of words of Christ

Almost half

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overall role of Jesus' miracles

Attestations to His deity and messiahship.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Substitution

One in place of another.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Redemption

Christ purchased believers out of slavery, setting them free.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reconciliation

Man, once estranged, is now at peace with God.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Propitiation

Righteous demands of a holy God were fully satisfied.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Forgiveness

His death resulted in forgiveness for sinners.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Justification

Removal of sins and bestowal of Christ's righteousness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Greek prepositions substitution

Anti and huper

Signup and view all the flashcards

Doctrine of substitution important?

God's holy demands met completely, Christ’s full payment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' importance of resurrection

Determines validity, guaranteed acceptance, essential in God's program, fulfilled prophecies.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' proofs for resurrection

Empty tomb, linen shape, appearances, transformed disciples, Sunday observance, existence of church.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peccability argument

Temptation genuine, so Christ able to sin. Enns rejects: did not consider Person.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Purpose of Christ's temptation

To show that He could not sin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evidences of Christ's impeccability

Immutability, Omnipotence, Omniscience, Deity, Sin nature, Will, Authority.

Signup and view all the flashcards

3 offices of Christ's purpose

Revealing, Saving/Interceding, Reigning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Enns' present ministry categories

Building His church, Praying for believers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

'Advocate' in 1 John 2:1

Defense attorney

Signup and view all the flashcards

John 1:1-3

Jesus (the Word) is God because He has always been with God and because He made everything.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Colossians 1:15-17

Jesus is God and is thus the Ruler and Creator of all that exists.

Signup and view all the flashcards

1 Timothy 3:16

Christ humbled Himself to become man and has now returned to His exalted position.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isaiah 7:14

Jesus became a human being to identify with mankind.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hebrews 2:14

Jesus became human so that He could die.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Isaiah 53:4-6

Jesus died for man's sins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Philippians 2:6-8

Jesus' humanity does not detract from His deity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Significance of the Imperfect Tense in John 1:1

  • The imperfect tense emphasizes the continual existence of Christ in past time.

Significance of the Present Tense in John 8:58

  • The present tense indicates Christ's continuous existence before Abraham.

Eternality of Christ in Micah 5:2

  • Bethlehem was not Christ's origin, as His existence spans from eternity.

Arguments for Identifying the Angel of the Lord as Christ

  • The angel is referred to as deity.
  • The angel is distinct from Yahweh, engaging in conversation.
  • Neither the Father nor the Spirit has appeared physically.
  • Appearances of the angel cease after Christ's birth.

Genesis 3:15 as the Protevangelium

  • It marks the first prophecy concerning Christ.
  • "Her seed" alludes to Mary alone and signifies the virgin birth.

Genesis 12:2 as a Prophecy of Christ

  • God's promise to make Abraham's name great implies the Messiah's lineage from him.
  • This promise is fulfilled in Christ.

Interpretations of "Shiloh" in Genesis 49:10

  • It is a title for the Messiah.
  • Meanings include "Man of rest," "pacifier," "peace-maker," or "Until He comes to whom it belongs."
  • It signifies that obedience of the peoples shall be to Him.

Consistent Usage of "Almah" in Isaiah 7:14

  • Translates to "virgin."
  • It never refers to a maiden who has lost her virginity.

Psalm Depicting the Sufferings of Christ

  • Psalm 22 vividly portrays Christ's sufferings.

Psalm 2 Predictions Regarding Christ

  • It prophecies Christ's installation as King in Jerusalem.
  • Christ will rule over all nations.

Meaning of the Incarnation

  • "In flesh" describes the eternal Son of God taking on humanity through the virgin birth.

Similarities and Differences Between Matthew and Luke's genealogy

  • Similarities: Both trace Jesus' lineage to David and emphasize His rightful claim as heir.
  • Differences: Matthew traces Joseph's lineage, while Luke cites Jesus' descent through Mary to Adam.

Necessity of the Virgin Birth

  • It facilitated the incarnation.
  • It guaranteed the sinlessness of the Son of God.

Necessity of Christ's Humanity

  • Jesus had to be a man to represent fallen humanity.

Epistle Dispersing the Denial of Christ's Humanity

  • First John addresses the doctrinal error denying Christ's true humanity.

Six Categories of Evidence for Christ's Humanity

  • Virgin birth
  • True body of flesh and blood
  • Normal development
  • Human soul and spirit
  • Human characteristics
  • Human names

Luke 2:52 Contribution to Christ's Humanity

  • It demonstrates His development mentally, physically, spiritually, and socially.

John 11:33 Contribution to Christ's Humanity

  • It reveals the emotion felt in His human spirit at Lazarus' death.

C.S. Lewis's Argument for the Deity of Christ

  • Christ was either a liar, a lunatic, or the Lord.
  • It is impossible to consider Him merely a "good teacher," given His claims.

Philippians 2:6 Meaning of Christ Existing in the "Form" of God

  • It declares Christ to possess the attributes that make God, God.

Necessity of Christ's Deity

  • As only man, Jesus could not have saved the world.
  • His deity gave His death infinite value, enabling Him to die for all sinners.

Four Categories of Evidence for Christ's Deity

  • His names
  • His attributes
  • His works
  • His worship

Hebrews 1:8 Contribution to Christ's Deity

  • The writer asserts Christ's superiority over angels and attributes Psalm 45 to Him.

John 20:28 Contribution to Christ's Deity

  • Thomas professed, "My Lord and My God."

Granville Sharpe Rule and Titus Interpretation

  • Two nouns joined by "and," the first with an article, refer to the same entity.
  • "Great God" and "Savior" both refer to "Christ Jesus."

Claim to Son of God

  • The Jews understood this claim to mean He was "making himself equal with God."

Colossians 1:17 Contribution to Christ's Deity

  • It teaches that Christ is the cohesive force of the universe.

Meaning of the Hypostatic Union

  • Christ took on an additional nature: human nature.
  • Two Natures Resulted in the Theanthropic Person (God-Man).

Three Facts Summarizing the Hypostatic Union

  • Christ has two distinct natures: humanity and deity.
  • There is no mix of the two natures.
  • Christ is one person with two natures.

Two Main Points Analyzing the Kenosis in Philippians 2:7

  • Christ surrendered the independent exercise of transitive attributes, not immanent attributes.
  • Christ took on an additional nature.

Earthly Life of Christ's Importance to Christology

  • It authenticates Jesus of Nazareth as the promised Messiah.

Percentage of Gospels Comprising Christ's Words

  • Almost half of the Gospels consist of the words of Christ.

Overall Role of Jesus' Miracles

  • They attested to His deity and messiahship.

Substitution

  • One in place of another, such as the substitutionary death of Christ.

Redemption

  • Christ purchased believers from slavery and set them free.

Reconciliation

  • Man, once estranged from God, is now at peace with Him.

Propitiation

  • The righteous demands of a holy God were fully satisfied.

Forgiveness

  • Christ's death resulted in forgiveness for sinners.

Justification

  • Negative: removal of believers' sins.
  • Positive: bestowal of Christ's righteousness upon the believer.

Two Greek Prepositions Teaching Substitution

  • Anti and huper teach the substitutionary aspect of Christ's death.

Importance of the Doctrine of Substitution

  • The righteous demands of a holy God were met completely through Christ's payment for sin.

Four Points Regarding Importance of the Resurrection

  • The resurrection validates the Christian faith.
  • It guaranteed the Father's acceptance of the Son's work.
  • It was essential in God's plan.
  • It fulfilled prophecies concerning His resurrection.

Six Proofs for the Resurrection

  • Empty tomb
  • Shape of the linen wrappings
  • Resurrection appearances
  • Transformed disciples
  • Observance of the first day of the week
  • Existence of the church

Main Argument for the Peccability of Christ

  • Genuine temptation requires the ability to sin.
  • Enns rejects this, emphasizing Christ's divine personhood and that temptation needn't demand the ability to sin.

Purpose of Christ's Temptation

  • To demonstrate that He could not sin.

Seven Evidences of the Impeccability of Christ

  • Immutability
  • Omnipotence
  • Omniscience
  • Deity
  • Nature of temptation
  • The will of Christ
  • The authority of Christ

Three Offices of Christ as Key to Incarnation

  • Prophetic office: revealed God's message.
  • Priestly office: related to His saving and intercessory work.
  • Kingly office: gave Him the right to reign over Israel and the entire Earth.

Two Main Categories of Christ's Present Ministry

  • Building His church.
  • Praying for believers.

Meaning of "Advocate" in 1 John 2:1

  • Defense attorney.

John 1:1-3

  • Jesus (the Word) is God; He has always been with God and created everything.

Colossians 1:15-17

  • Jesus is God, the Ruler and Creator of all that exists.

1 Timothy 3:16

  • Christ humbled Himself to become man and has now returned to His exalted position.

Isaiah 7:14

  • Jesus became a human being to identify with mankind.

Hebrews 2:14

  • Jesus became human so that He could die.

Isaiah 53:4-6

  • Jesus died for man's sins.

Philippians 2:6-8

  • Jesus' humanity does not detract from His deity.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser