Hashing

Playing audio files

The output has a fixed length

Preimage resistance

<p>Weak collision resistance means it is hard to find another input y that produces the same hash code given an input x, whereas strong collision resistance means it is hard to find any pair of inputs x and y having the same hash code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy where several versions of valid and fraudulent documents are created until a pair with the same hash code is found.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>256 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SHA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alternative to SHA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating digital signatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes easier to find collisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptographic hash functions have one-way property while general hash functions do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy where several versions of valid and fraudulent documents are created until a pair with the same hash code is found</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>256 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MD5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak collision resistance is the ability to find two inputs that produce the same hash code, while strong collision resistance is the ability to find any pair of inputs that produce the same hash code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To verify the authenticity of a message</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of finding two people with the same birthday is higher than one would intuitively expect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce fixed-length outputs from variable-length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For any given value h, it is very hard to find x so that H(x) = h</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce fixed-length outputs from variable-length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The input of H is data of any length, and the output of H has a fixed (short) length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrity checking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preimage resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak collision resistance means it is hard to find another input that produces the same hash code given a specific input, while strong collision resistance means it is hard to find any pair of inputs having the same hash code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital signatures can be verified even if the message is changed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>160 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MD5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A replacement for SHA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital signatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It becomes faster to find collisions than by brute-force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data storage and cryptography</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Input of any length, fixed length output, easy to compute, uniformly distributed output</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One-way property/preimage resistance, weak collision resistance/second preimage resistance, collision resistance/strong collision resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That any change in the message will always result in a different hash code and the digital signature will no longer verify</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because the number of possible inputs is larger than the number of possible outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of finding two people with the same birthday is higher than one would intuitively expect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A strategy where several versions of valid and fraudulent documents are created until a pair with the same hash code is found</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 160 bits, but more commonly 256 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SHA-256, SHA-512, and SHA-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input in hash functions such as SHA-2, SHA-1, and MD5</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input in hash functions such as SHA-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If there are methods for finding collisions significantly quicker than by brute-force</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>160 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak collision resistance means it is hard to find another input y that produces the same hash code, while strong collision resistance means it is hard to find ANY pair of inputs x and y having the same hash code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alternative to SHA-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digital signatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A general hash function does not require preimage resistance, while a cryptographic hash function does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing fixed length outputs from variable length input</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A family of cryptographic hash functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weak collision resistance means it is hard to find another input y that produces the same hash code, while preimage resistance means it is hard to find x so that H(x) = h.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Checking the integrity of downloaded files</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For any given value h, it is very hard to find x so that H(x) = h</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store passwords</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixed length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong collision resistance is harder to achieve than weak collision resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing a hash function with a longer output length</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SHA-256 has a longer output length than SHA-224</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It must be hard to find another input that produces the same hash code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The probability of finding two people with the same birthday is higher than one would intuitively expect</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SHA-512 has a longer output length than SHA-384</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce fixed length outputs from variable length inputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A general hash function is easy to compute while a cryptographic hash function is hard to compute</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SHA-3 uses the Merkle-Damgård construction while SHA-2 uses the Sponge construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide efficient data storage and retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers