term 2 week 23
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Questions and Answers

Ligands can be:

  • Intracellular and extracellular receptors
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins that function intracellularly.
  • Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters. (correct)
  • cAMPK substrates that roam the cell.
  • A kinase

  • . Removes a phosphate group from a substrate
  • Adds kinesin to proteins
  • Adds a phosphate group to a substrate (correct)
  • . Adds lipids to kinesin
  • What are GPCRs

  • They are receptor tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate substrates.
  • 7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline. (correct)
  • They are receptor tyrosine kinases that remove phosphates from proteins.
  • They are cytosolic proteins that receive intracellular glucose.
  • -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    -Which statement is true about FAK?

    <p>FAK can integrate signals from integrins and RTKs and are overexpressed in cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phosphorylation:

    <p>Consists of the addition of a phosphate group to an aminoacid (commonly serine, threonine or tyrosine) or a lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of adrenaline (epinephrine)

    <p>Adrenaline binds the b-adrenergic receptor, increases heart rate and promotes vasoconstriction, diverting blood away from unnecessary systems preparing for a response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the adrenaline response called?

    <p>Fight or flight responsee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A kinase

    <p>Adds a phosphate group to a substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are GPCRs

    <p>7-pass transmembrane receptors, one example being b-adrenergic receptor for adrenaline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Cholera toxin

    <p>Binds the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and makes it unable to hydrolyse GTP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – The different types of cell signalling are:

    <p>Endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ligands can be:

    <p>Growth factors, cytokines, hormones, cell adhesion molecules, lipids and neurotransmitters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    – Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTK)

    <p>. Are transmembrane proteins with a cytoplasmic kinase domain. Transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate. Are kinases, that phosphorylate proteins downstream a signalling cascade</p> <p>EGFR is an example of a receptor tyrosine kinase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GTPases

    <p>Are small monomeric GTPases that function as molecular switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transcription factors:

    <p>a. Can bind DNA to promote/activate transcription of specific proteins. b. Some transcription factors activate expression of target genes, others repress expression of their targets, some do both. c. Cause profound cellular effects by controlling multiple genes. d. Are usually the last step of a signal transduction pathway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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