Architecture Techniques and Landmarks

Study Notes

Stacking and Piling: A building technique using layers of material to create a structure.
Flying Buttress: A support system used in Gothic architecture that extends from a wall to a pier.
Pont du Gard: A Roman aqueduct bridge in southern France, known for its three tiers of arches.

World's Fair 1889 (Paris): Known for the unveiling of the Eiffel Tower.
Frank Lloyd Wright: An influential American architect, known for designing Fallingwater.
Wainwright Building: One of the first skyscrapers, designed by Louis Sullivan.
Crystal Palace: A cast-iron and glass building erected for the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.
Guggenheim Museum (New York): An iconic modern art museum designed by Frank Lloyd Wright.
Dome: A rounded vault forming the roof of a building, common in religious architecture.
Greek Orders: Classical architectural styles, including Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
Byodo-in Temple: A well-known Buddhist temple in Japan, famous for its Phoenix Hall.
The School of Athens (Raphael): A fresco depicting classical philosophers in an idealized space.

Lithography: A printing process using a smooth stone or metal plate.
Monotypes: A form of printmaking that produces a unique image.
High-relief: A type of sculpture where figures are deeply carved and stand out from the background.
Carving (sculpture): A subtractive process where material is removed to create form.
Installation: A 3-D artwork designed to transform a space.
Additive process (sculpture): A process where material is added to create form.
Lost wax casting: A method of metal casting involving melting away a wax mold to create a hollow form.
Fountain (Marcel Duchamp): A readymade sculpture created from a porcelain urinal.
Spiritual themes in art: Art explores religious or spiritual ideas, like Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel.
Petroglyphs: Rock carvings created by prehistoric peoples.
Form: The visible shape or configuration of something in art.
Logos: Symbolic representations used by companies and organizations.
Logotype: A graphic symbol representing a company or brand.

Kodak camera: The first mass-market camera, introduced by George Eastman in 1888.
Eadweard Muybridge: A photographer known for motion studies and early cinematography.
Art Cinema: A type of film with an artistic and experimental style, distinct from mainstream cinema.
Video: A medium for recording, reproducing, and displaying moving images.

Graphic Design: Major developments include the invention of the printing press and digital design.
Themes in Art: Overarching themes like religion, nature, politics, and identity.
Iconoclasm: The destruction of religious or political images as a form of protest.
The Monuments Men: A group tasked with recovering art looted by Nazis during WWII.

Foreshortening: A technique used to create the illusion of an object receding into the distance.
Pointillism: A painting technique using small dots of color to create images.
Color schemes: Different ways to use colors in art, including monochromatic, complementary, and analogous.
Asymmetrical balance: Balance achieved without symmetry.
Symmetrical balance: Balance achieved when elements are mirrored on either side of a central axis.
Rhythm: The repetition of visual elements to create movement.
Composition: The arrangement of elements within a work of art.
Conte Crayon: A drawing medium made of compressed powdered graphite or charcoal mixed with wax or clay.
Pigment: The material that gives paint its color.
Acrylic: A fast-drying synthetic paint.
Post-internet art: Art that reflects the influence of the internet on society and culture.