Questions and Answers
What architectural style in Spain is characterized by profuse, often semi-abstract ornamentation?
Plateresque style
Which architectural style primarily originated in France and is characterized by rock-like forms and crimped shells?
Rococo
Which architectural feature was reintroduced by Renaissance architects like Palladio and Scamozzi?
Use of rusticated masonry
Which architect is most closely associated with the Rococo architectural style?
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What architectural feature is commonly found with parapets in buildings from the Renaissance period?
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In which country does the Churrigueresque architectural style refer to Spanish Baroque architecture?
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Which architectural style is characterized by an exuberant and delicate flourish of decoration, with vivid colors replaced by pastel shades?
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Which term refers to a twisted band, garland or chaplet of flowers, fruits, and leaves used for decoration?
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What type of stone or brick is used with similar ones to reinforce an external corner or edge of a wall?
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What is the Italian name for an internal court surrounded by an arcade?
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Which stone is described as a brown stone more suitable for exterior work?
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What is the term used to describe a vertical stripe representing rusticated masonry?
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What architectural style is exemplified by Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire?
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Which country is associated with the Manueline Style of architecture?
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What was a key characteristic of Churrigueresque architecture in Spain?
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Who were the architects responsible for The Escorial in Madrid, Spain?
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Which aspect of the University in Salamanca, Spain is considered a design masterpiece?
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What characterized the Baroque architecture period in terms of artistic integration?
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Study Notes
Renaissance Architecture
- Renaissance architecture was influenced by Roman tradition, with styles like Palladian, Proto-Baroque, and Mannerist emerging.
- High Renaissance architecture saw the emergence of a distinctive style, with architects working freely and confidently.
Baroque Architecture
- Baroque architecture saw the unified use of architecture, painting, sculpture, and minor arts to produce a harmonious whole.
- This period saw the reintroduction of the Classical Roman Orders of Architecture.
- Characteristics include symmetry, proportion, and geometry.
Rococo Architecture
- Rococo is a French style characterized by rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells.
- It is an essentially interior style, playfully decorated with flowers, birds, and ribbons.
- Pastel shades replaced vivid colors during this period.
Renaissance Terminologies
- Quoin: hard stone or brick used with similar ones to reinforce an external corner or edge of a wall.
- Scroll: contains spiral wind band or "volutes".
- Wreath: or Swag or Festoon, twisted band, garland or chaplet of flowers, fruits, leaves for decoration.
- Chaine: vertical stripe of rusticated masonry.
- Boss: a lump or knob, projected ornament at the intersection of the ribs of a ceiling.
- Rustication: a method of forming stone work with roughened surface and recessed joints.
Examples of Renaissance Architecture
- St. Johannes Nepomuk, Munich: an example of Baroque architecture.
- The Basilica at Ottobeuren, Bavaria: architectural spaces flow together and swarm with life.
- Hall of Mirrors, Munich: an example of Rococo architecture.
Renaissance in England
- St. Paul's Cathedral, London: designed by Christopher Wren, with an area of 6000 sq.m and a large central space under the dome.
- Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire: an example of a central block with wings.
Renaissance in Spain
- Early Period (1492-1556 AD): grafting Renaissance details unto Gothic forms.
- Plateresque style: rich and poetic, influenced by Moorish art.
- Manueline Style (from King Manuel I, 1495-1521 AD): decorative rather than structural in character, inspired by the voyages of discoverers.
- Classical Period (1556-1690 AD): close adherence to Italian Renaissance art.
- Baroque Period (1650-1750 AD): classical rules disregarded, with a focus on extravagant expression.
- The Escorial, Madrid: an austere group of buildings, composed of the monastery, college, church, and palace with state apartments.
- The University, Salamanca: a Plateresque design masterpiece with admirable craftsmanship.
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