Architecture: Doors and Windows

Doors, Windows, Ventilators, Arches, and Lintels

• Doors provide access, security, privacy, ventilation, protection from elements and act as noise barriers.

• Door location criteria include accessibility, safety (emergency exits), ventilation/lighting (natural light), and privacy.

• Standard residential door sizes are typically 3 feet wide by 7 feet high, but may vary. Larger doors (e.g., 4 ft wide) are used for entrances, kitchens, and garages.

• Door heights are typically 7 feet but can be customized for ceiling height.

• Common door types include wooden frames.

• Windows provide natural light, ventilation, views, aesthetic appeal, contribute to safety, emergency escape routes, and energy efficiency.

• Window placement criteria include lighting (maximizing natural light), ventilation (allowing cross-ventilation), privacy, and aesthetics.

• Common window types include casement, sliding, fixed, double-hung, awning, bay, and bow windows.

• Large windows are common in modern designs, used to increase natural light and connect with the outdoors.

• Metal, PVC, steel, and aluminum are common frame materials for doors and windows.

• Common methods for fixing doors include mortise-and-tenon joints (for wooden doors) and metal hinges (for metal or wood doors).

• Different sliding and folding mechanisms are used for doors in smaller spaces.

• Top-hung, side-hung, louvered, and fixed ventilators are common types.

• Top-hung ventilators are suitable for privacy and security.

• Side-hung ventilators allow for fresh air without taking up much space

• Louvered ventilators allow airflow while preventing rain entry

• Fixed ventilators are for continuous airflow where manual operation isn't needed.

• Hinges are used for smooth door and window movement.

• Glass types include clear (maximum light), frosted (privacy), tinted (reduced glare/heat), tempered (strength), and laminated (safety). Reflective glass reduces heat absorption.

• Arches are used to distribute weight over openings, offering aesthetic and structural stability.

• Arch types include segmental, pointed, and circular.

• Lintels are horizontal beams placed above openings to support structural weight.

• Lintel types include wooden, steel, reinforced concrete, and precast lintels.

• R.C.C. lintels are suitable for multi-story buildings due to strength and durability

• Precast lintels are cost-effective for large-scale projects.

• Chajjas (overhangs) provide shade and protection from rain, positioned above windows and doors.

• Locks and latches are for security (deadbolts, rim locks, lever latches).

• Handles are used to open/close doors/windows (materials like brass, steel or aluminum).

• Weather strips are used to prevent drafts.

• Doors and windows are suitable for climates with high rainfall and sun exposure to prevent water damage.