Architecture Chapter 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

The overall plan of the palace complex built at Aachen is modeled on the:

  • Lateran Palace in Rome (correct)
  • Abbey Church of St. Denis
  • Palatine Chapel
  • St. Gall Plan

    • What features are prominent in the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?

    Main entrance dominated by westwerk; central octagon covered by cloister vault.

    The addition of a westwerk to churches is one of the ___ contributions to the western architectural tradition.

    Carolingian

    A feature of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is that the use of polychrome masonry can be seen in the semicircular arches of the main floor.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gatehouse in Lorsch feature?

    <p>Ground level composition of triple arched passageways flanked by attached columns with composite capitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layout did the palace complex at Aachen have?

    <p>Laid out on a square grid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural style is demonstrated by the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?

    <p>Square central tower, horseshoe arches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?

    <p>Odo of Metz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The western facade of a church that includes the entrance vestibule, rooms at one or more levels above, and one or more towers, is known as a:

    <p>Westwerk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What artistic contributions are indicated in the mosaic depicting the Ark of the Covenant in the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?

    <p>Influence from Byzantium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the interior of the Palatine Chapel have?

    <p>Polished marble columns in the arcade of its gallery; mosaics in its dome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The abbey gatehouse in Lorsch has a ______ roof, which dates to the 14th century.

    <p>Steeply sloping snow shedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Oratory at Germigny des Prés was conceived as a:

    <p>Private chapel for quiet reflection and prayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The various features of the Oratory at Germigny des Prés suggest influence from Mozarabic churches, those in which art and architecture was produced by ____ under ____ rule.

    <p>Christians, Islamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oldest surviving architectural drawing from the medieval period?

    <p>Plan of St. Gall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dome of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is supported by ___ great piers.

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Plan of St. Gall, what was the largest building?

    <p>Church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Plan of St. Gall, which structure was surrounded by a chapter house, workroom, and warming room below the dormitory?

    <p>Cloister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For whom was the Oratory at Germigny des Prés built?

    <p>Theodulf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Carolingian architecture, what does the Plan of St. Gall show?

    <p>A bake and brew house, artisan craft workshops, and a complete working farm to the south and west of the cloister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stepped crenelations atop the tower of the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou recall what?

    <p>Islamic fortifications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have modern scholars Walter Horn and Ernest Born deduced much about from the Plan of St. Gall?

    <p>Monastic life and building practices in the Carolingian age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What construction problem did Romanesque builders set for themselves?

    <p>Efficiently supporting a ceiling made entirely of small stones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Plan of St. Gall, located throughout the nave, transepts, and apse of the church were the ____ to honor individual saints.

    <p>Altars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the German expression of Romanesque architecture?

    <p>Ottonian architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 100 ft square structure located on the south of the church in the Plan of St. Gall?

    <p>Cloister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through its clear ordering of the practical requirements for a monastic community, the Plan of St. Gall encapsulates the high quality of functional planning achieved by whom?

    <p>Carolingian architects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features does the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou have?

    <p>Semicircular apses terminating the aisles and nave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does each apse of the Ottonian Church of St. Michael contain?

    <p>Eastern apse: altar; Western apse: raised platform for seating the emperor and his court.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Romanesque buildings tend to employ?

    <p>Roman arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which parts of the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer are the influences from Lombardy primarily seen?

    <p>Corbel tables and pilaster strips of the exterior wall; cubiform capitals of the crypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ottonian architecture is in many respects an extension of?

    <p>Carolingian traditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does S. Miniato al Monte in Florence have?

    <p>Transeptless nave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Ottonian Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim have?

    <p>Polychrome arches, elaborately painted wooden ceiling, double-ended basilica with entrances along side aisles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer have?

    <p>Nave with sidewall bays defined by compound assemblies of pilasters and colonettes covered by groin vaults, and piers that become compound assemblies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of the church of S. Miniato al Monte in Florence is notable?

    <p>Its facade is articulated on the ground level by 5 arches supported by Corinthian half-columns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the freestanding cathedral at Pisa have?

    <p>An oval dome raised on squinches at its crossing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To accommodate the growing number of pilgrims, the monks of the Shrine of the Apostle James at Compostela modified the church plan to include an _____ which worked as an extension of the aisles.

    <p>Ambulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What churches were built on the major roads to Compostela?

    <p>St. Sernin at Toulouse; St. Foy at Conques; St. Martial at Limoges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features does the church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?

    <p>West front was never finished; paired aisles on each side of the nave, four chapels on the east of the large transept, and 5 radiating chapels around the apse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is built on a squinch over the crossing at the Church of St. Foy at Conques?

    <p>Octagonal lantern.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a semicircular panel created under the arch of a doorway known as?

    <p>Tympanum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the new center for pilgrimage that arose around the year 900?

    <p>Shrine of the Apostles James at Compostela.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depicted on the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy, under Christ's feet?

    <p>The weighing of souls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oldest of the pilgrimage churches built on the major roads to Compostela?

    <p>Church of St. Martin at Tours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features does the exterior of the Church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?

    <p>An arrangement of chapels, ambulatory, and choir rising to the great crossing tower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Church of St. Foy at Conques have?

    <p>Only a single pair of aisles and galleries flanking its nave plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What figure presides over various punishments in the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques?

    <p>Devil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pilgrimage road church was planned with a full complement of 9 towers?

    <p>Church of St. James.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques depict?

    <p>The largest and most important figure at its center is of Christ the Judge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features does the Church of Cluny III have?

    <p>2 aisles on each side of its nave; double set of transepts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the highest tower placed at the Church of Cluny III?

    <p>Intersection of the major transept and nave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The east end of the Church of St. James at Compostela has an axial chapel with a door opened on jubilee years. From which direction does it allow entry?

    <p>East.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the monks serving as architects of Cluny III find that vaults constructed on the profile of a pointed arch exerted?

    <p>Greater outward thrust than the Roman arch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is depicted on the nave capitals of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?

    <p>Old Testament events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What borders the tympanum's central scene at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?

    <p>Signs of the zodiac.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The innermost aisles of the Church of Cluny III continued around the choir as an ambulatory, linking the:

    <p>5 radiating chapels of the east end of the church.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subject of the tympanum scenes in the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun?

    <p>Last Judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure was located over each arm of the major transept and at the western entrance of the Church of Cluny III?

    <p>Tower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cistercian abbeys were of the simplest possible construction consistent with durable masonry building; they shunned:

    <p>Expensive materials and discouraged sculptural ornament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vault did the nave of the Church of Cluny III have?

    <p>Broken barrel vault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy an early example of?

    <p>Cistercian monastery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nave vault at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay consist of?

    <p>Divided into bays by polychrome, transverse semicircular arches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Abbey of Fontenay have?

    <p>Floors of compacted earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One scene depicted on the tympanum of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay is?

    <p>The descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, in which Christ sends the apostles to preach, teach, and heal the sick.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tympanum of the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun show to the left of the enormous figure of Christ?

    <p>The weighing of souls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Early Cistercian monasteries were based on?

    <p>A square module.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In later Cistercian structures, ___ in particular were enlarged.

    <p>Choirs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy has?

    <p>A modular unit established by the square bay of the church aisle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is each feature of the Abbey of Fontenay covered?

    <p>Nave: broken banded barrel vault; Aisle: transverse broken barrel vaults over each bay.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In later Cistercian structures, the original square ended chapels were replaced with a _____ layout.

    <p>Radial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Abbey Church of St. Etienne at Caen have?

    <p>A wooden roofed nave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham is one of the best preserved major ____ in England.

    <p>Norman churches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features does the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham have?

    <p>Striking geometric patterns on its piers, arches, and ribs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notable about the high vaults of the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert?

    <p>They lack the vertical continuity from diagonal ribs to wall shafts that characterize St. Etienne at Caen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between 115 and 120, the wooden roof of the Abbey Church of St. Etienne was removed, and the upper stage of its nave wall was rebuilt to incorporate ribs of ___ constructed across its nave.

    <p>Sexpartite vaulting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham known for?

    <p>Its early use of rib vaulting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham has ___ vaults.

    <p>Septpartite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term Gothic was first applied to:

    <p>Denote designs based on precedent from classical antiquity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A similarity between Romanesque and Gothic architecture is that both involved the employment of pointed arches and rib vaults.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A feature of Gothic buildings is that they are connected to temples and concepts of New Jerusalem.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pointed arch, one of the key elements associated with Gothic structure, approximates an inverted catenary.

    <p>True.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gothic architecture, the decorative intersecting stonework in the upper sections of windows is known as window:

    <p>Tracery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What elements are original to Gothic buildings?

    <p>Piers composed of colonnettes; windows with tracery; flying buttresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gothic style originated in:

    <p>Northern France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Unlike Romanesque buildings, Gothic structures are skeletal systems.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is generally recognized as the first Gothic building?

    <p>The Abbey Church of St. Denis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gothic buildings consist of articulated but unified cells of space.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In its pre-1205 state, the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon retained elements from Romanesque works, including:

    <p>Long nave, sexpartite rib vaults, lantern crossing tower, galleries, semicircular apse, and western towers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plate tracery?

    <p>Punched openings in a solid field.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bar tracery?

    <p>Thin lines of cut stone set in geometric patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who designed the north transept of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?

    <p>Jean de Chelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what region around Paris did the Gothic style originate?

    <p>Île-de-France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Abbey Church of St. Denis had how many doorways with carved tympana and jamb statues?

    <ol start="3"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?

    <p>Triple portals surmounted by the horizontal gallery of kings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable feature does the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon have?

    <p>A pointed arch incorporated into the profile of the diagonal ribs of the sexpartite vaults.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who started the construction of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?

    <p>The Bishop of Paris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the interior elevations of the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres simplified?

    <p>Vaulting shifted from sexpartite to quadripartite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the master masons do when rebuilding the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres?

    <p>Incorporated the surviving west front and reused the foundations and crypt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the west front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?

    <p>A solid, almost military quality, in contrast to the more open character of the Cathedral at Laon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aachen Palace Complex

    • Modeled after the Lateran Palace in Rome, reflecting influences of classical architecture.
    • The Palatine Chapel features a westwerk entrance and a central octagon with a cloister vault.

    Carolingian Contributions

    • Addition of westwerk to churches marked significant Carolingian contributions to Western architecture.
    • Polychrome masonry and semicircular arches are prominent features in the Palatine Chapel.

    Abbey Gatehouses

    • Lorsch gatehouse displays a triple arched passageway and treatment surfaces resembling fabric.
    • Abbey structures laid out on a square grid, informed by S. Vitale in Ravenna.

    Germigny-des-Prés Oratory

    • Features a square central tower and horseshoe arches with a Greek cross plan.
    • Displays Byzantine artistic influences in its mosaics, specifically in the eastern apse.

    Plan of St. Gall

    • The oldest surviving architectural drawing from the medieval period, exemplifying monastic life.
    • Includes functional elements like bake houses, workshops, and a complete working farm.

    Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

    • Romanesque structures demonstrate affinity with ancient Roman architecture through the use of arches and vaults.
    • Transition to Gothic characterized by skeletal systems, pointed arches, and rib vaults enhancing structural efficiency.

    Noteworthy Gothic Structures

    • Abbey Church of St. Denis recognized as the first Gothic building, impacting the style's spread in Northern France.
    • Notre Dame Cathedral exemplifies Gothic features with triple portals, elaborate tympana, and a solid west front design.

    Pilgrimage Church Developments

    • Modifications in church plans, like the ambulatory in Santiago de Compostela, accommodated increasing pilgrim traffic.
    • Major pilgrimage routes saw the construction of significant churches such as St. Sernin in Toulouse and St. Foy in Conques.

    Cluniac and Cistercian Ideals

    • Cluny III represented complex architectural ambitions with double transepts and extensive vault systems.
    • Cistercian monasteries favored simplicity in design, avoiding ornate decorations while promoting durable constructions.

    Symbolism in Architecture

    • Tympanum art in churches conveys theological narratives, with Christ often depicted as a judge.
    • Elements like window tracery and flying buttresses exemplify the integration of art and structure in the Gothic style.

    Architectural Innovations

    • Distinctive use of vaulting techniques and modular designs developed through various architectural phases; sexpartite vaulting was common in notable Norman churches like Durham.
    • Cluniac and Cistercian churches embraced functional layouts suited to monastic life, reflecting the evolving priorities in ecclesiastical architecture.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 3 related to architectural structures, specifically focusing on the palace complex at Aachen and the Palatine Chapel. Each card delves into key terms and their definitions, providing a concise learning tool for architecture enthusiasts.

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