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Questions and Answers
The overall plan of the palace complex built at Aachen is modeled on the:
The overall plan of the palace complex built at Aachen is modeled on the:
- Lateran Palace in Rome (correct)
- Abbey Church of St. Denis
- Palatine Chapel
- St. Gall Plan
What features are prominent in the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?
What features are prominent in the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?
Main entrance dominated by westwerk; central octagon covered by cloister vault.
The addition of a westwerk to churches is one of the ___ contributions to the western architectural tradition.
The addition of a westwerk to churches is one of the ___ contributions to the western architectural tradition.
Carolingian
A feature of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is that the use of polychrome masonry can be seen in the semicircular arches of the main floor.
A feature of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is that the use of polychrome masonry can be seen in the semicircular arches of the main floor.
What does the gatehouse in Lorsch feature?
What does the gatehouse in Lorsch feature?
What layout did the palace complex at Aachen have?
What layout did the palace complex at Aachen have?
What architectural style is demonstrated by the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?
What architectural style is demonstrated by the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?
Who designed the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?
Who designed the Palatine Chapel in Aachen?
The western facade of a church that includes the entrance vestibule, rooms at one or more levels above, and one or more towers, is known as a:
The western facade of a church that includes the entrance vestibule, rooms at one or more levels above, and one or more towers, is known as a:
What artistic contributions are indicated in the mosaic depicting the Ark of the Covenant in the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?
What artistic contributions are indicated in the mosaic depicting the Ark of the Covenant in the Oratory at Germigny des Prés?
What does the interior of the Palatine Chapel have?
What does the interior of the Palatine Chapel have?
The abbey gatehouse in Lorsch has a ______ roof, which dates to the 14th century.
The abbey gatehouse in Lorsch has a ______ roof, which dates to the 14th century.
The Oratory at Germigny des Prés was conceived as a:
The Oratory at Germigny des Prés was conceived as a:
The various features of the Oratory at Germigny des Prés suggest influence from Mozarabic churches, those in which art and architecture was produced by ____ under ____ rule.
The various features of the Oratory at Germigny des Prés suggest influence from Mozarabic churches, those in which art and architecture was produced by ____ under ____ rule.
What is the oldest surviving architectural drawing from the medieval period?
What is the oldest surviving architectural drawing from the medieval period?
The dome of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is supported by ___ great piers.
The dome of the Palatine Chapel at Aachen is supported by ___ great piers.
In the Plan of St. Gall, what was the largest building?
In the Plan of St. Gall, what was the largest building?
In the Plan of St. Gall, which structure was surrounded by a chapter house, workroom, and warming room below the dormitory?
In the Plan of St. Gall, which structure was surrounded by a chapter house, workroom, and warming room below the dormitory?
For whom was the Oratory at Germigny des Prés built?
For whom was the Oratory at Germigny des Prés built?
In the context of Carolingian architecture, what does the Plan of St. Gall show?
In the context of Carolingian architecture, what does the Plan of St. Gall show?
The stepped crenelations atop the tower of the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou recall what?
The stepped crenelations atop the tower of the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou recall what?
What have modern scholars Walter Horn and Ernest Born deduced much about from the Plan of St. Gall?
What have modern scholars Walter Horn and Ernest Born deduced much about from the Plan of St. Gall?
What construction problem did Romanesque builders set for themselves?
What construction problem did Romanesque builders set for themselves?
In the Plan of St. Gall, located throughout the nave, transepts, and apse of the church were the ____ to honor individual saints.
In the Plan of St. Gall, located throughout the nave, transepts, and apse of the church were the ____ to honor individual saints.
What is the German expression of Romanesque architecture?
What is the German expression of Romanesque architecture?
What is the 100 ft square structure located on the south of the church in the Plan of St. Gall?
What is the 100 ft square structure located on the south of the church in the Plan of St. Gall?
Through its clear ordering of the practical requirements for a monastic community, the Plan of St. Gall encapsulates the high quality of functional planning achieved by whom?
Through its clear ordering of the practical requirements for a monastic community, the Plan of St. Gall encapsulates the high quality of functional planning achieved by whom?
What features does the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou have?
What features does the Monastery of St. Martin at Canigou have?
What does each apse of the Ottonian Church of St. Michael contain?
What does each apse of the Ottonian Church of St. Michael contain?
What do Romanesque buildings tend to employ?
What do Romanesque buildings tend to employ?
In which parts of the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer are the influences from Lombardy primarily seen?
In which parts of the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer are the influences from Lombardy primarily seen?
Ottonian architecture is in many respects an extension of?
Ottonian architecture is in many respects an extension of?
What does S. Miniato al Monte in Florence have?
What does S. Miniato al Monte in Florence have?
What does the Ottonian Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim have?
What does the Ottonian Church of St. Michael at Hildesheim have?
What does the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer have?
What does the Imperial Cathedral at Speyer have?
What feature of the church of S. Miniato al Monte in Florence is notable?
What feature of the church of S. Miniato al Monte in Florence is notable?
What does the freestanding cathedral at Pisa have?
What does the freestanding cathedral at Pisa have?
To accommodate the growing number of pilgrims, the monks of the Shrine of the Apostle James at Compostela modified the church plan to include an _____ which worked as an extension of the aisles.
To accommodate the growing number of pilgrims, the monks of the Shrine of the Apostle James at Compostela modified the church plan to include an _____ which worked as an extension of the aisles.
What churches were built on the major roads to Compostela?
What churches were built on the major roads to Compostela?
What features does the church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?
What features does the church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?
What structure is built on a squinch over the crossing at the Church of St. Foy at Conques?
What structure is built on a squinch over the crossing at the Church of St. Foy at Conques?
What is a semicircular panel created under the arch of a doorway known as?
What is a semicircular panel created under the arch of a doorway known as?
What was the new center for pilgrimage that arose around the year 900?
What was the new center for pilgrimage that arose around the year 900?
What is depicted on the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy, under Christ's feet?
What is depicted on the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy, under Christ's feet?
What is the oldest of the pilgrimage churches built on the major roads to Compostela?
What is the oldest of the pilgrimage churches built on the major roads to Compostela?
What features does the exterior of the Church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?
What features does the exterior of the Church of St. Sernin at Toulouse have?
What does the Church of St. Foy at Conques have?
What does the Church of St. Foy at Conques have?
What figure presides over various punishments in the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques?
What figure presides over various punishments in the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques?
What pilgrimage road church was planned with a full complement of 9 towers?
What pilgrimage road church was planned with a full complement of 9 towers?
What does the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques depict?
What does the tympanum of the Church of St. Foy at Conques depict?
What features does the Church of Cluny III have?
What features does the Church of Cluny III have?
Where is the highest tower placed at the Church of Cluny III?
Where is the highest tower placed at the Church of Cluny III?
The east end of the Church of St. James at Compostela has an axial chapel with a door opened on jubilee years. From which direction does it allow entry?
The east end of the Church of St. James at Compostela has an axial chapel with a door opened on jubilee years. From which direction does it allow entry?
How did the monks serving as architects of Cluny III find that vaults constructed on the profile of a pointed arch exerted?
How did the monks serving as architects of Cluny III find that vaults constructed on the profile of a pointed arch exerted?
What is depicted on the nave capitals of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?
What is depicted on the nave capitals of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?
What borders the tympanum's central scene at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?
What borders the tympanum's central scene at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay?
The innermost aisles of the Church of Cluny III continued around the choir as an ambulatory, linking the:
The innermost aisles of the Church of Cluny III continued around the choir as an ambulatory, linking the:
What is the subject of the tympanum scenes in the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun?
What is the subject of the tympanum scenes in the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun?
What structure was located over each arm of the major transept and at the western entrance of the Church of Cluny III?
What structure was located over each arm of the major transept and at the western entrance of the Church of Cluny III?
Cistercian abbeys were of the simplest possible construction consistent with durable masonry building; they shunned:
Cistercian abbeys were of the simplest possible construction consistent with durable masonry building; they shunned:
What type of vault did the nave of the Church of Cluny III have?
What type of vault did the nave of the Church of Cluny III have?
What is the Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy an early example of?
What is the Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy an early example of?
What does the nave vault at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay consist of?
What does the nave vault at Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay consist of?
What does the Abbey of Fontenay have?
What does the Abbey of Fontenay have?
One scene depicted on the tympanum of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay is?
One scene depicted on the tympanum of Ste. Madeleine in Vézelay is?
What does the tympanum of the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun show to the left of the enormous figure of Christ?
What does the tympanum of the Cluniac Church of St. Lazare at Autun show to the left of the enormous figure of Christ?
Early Cistercian monasteries were based on?
Early Cistercian monasteries were based on?
In later Cistercian structures, ___ in particular were enlarged.
In later Cistercian structures, ___ in particular were enlarged.
The Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy has?
The Abbey of Fontenay in Burgundy has?
How is each feature of the Abbey of Fontenay covered?
How is each feature of the Abbey of Fontenay covered?
In later Cistercian structures, the original square ended chapels were replaced with a _____ layout.
In later Cistercian structures, the original square ended chapels were replaced with a _____ layout.
What does the Abbey Church of St. Etienne at Caen have?
What does the Abbey Church of St. Etienne at Caen have?
The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham is one of the best preserved major ____ in England.
The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham is one of the best preserved major ____ in England.
What features does the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham have?
What features does the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham have?
What is notable about the high vaults of the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert?
What is notable about the high vaults of the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert?
Between 115 and 120, the wooden roof of the Abbey Church of St. Etienne was removed, and the upper stage of its nave wall was rebuilt to incorporate ribs of ___ constructed across its nave.
Between 115 and 120, the wooden roof of the Abbey Church of St. Etienne was removed, and the upper stage of its nave wall was rebuilt to incorporate ribs of ___ constructed across its nave.
What is the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham known for?
What is the Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham known for?
The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham has ___ vaults.
The Cathedral of St. Cuthbert at Durham has ___ vaults.
The term Gothic was first applied to:
The term Gothic was first applied to:
A similarity between Romanesque and Gothic architecture is that both involved the employment of pointed arches and rib vaults.
A similarity between Romanesque and Gothic architecture is that both involved the employment of pointed arches and rib vaults.
A feature of Gothic buildings is that they are connected to temples and concepts of New Jerusalem.
A feature of Gothic buildings is that they are connected to temples and concepts of New Jerusalem.
The pointed arch, one of the key elements associated with Gothic structure, approximates an inverted catenary.
The pointed arch, one of the key elements associated with Gothic structure, approximates an inverted catenary.
In Gothic architecture, the decorative intersecting stonework in the upper sections of windows is known as window:
In Gothic architecture, the decorative intersecting stonework in the upper sections of windows is known as window:
What elements are original to Gothic buildings?
What elements are original to Gothic buildings?
The Gothic style originated in:
The Gothic style originated in:
Unlike Romanesque buildings, Gothic structures are skeletal systems.
Unlike Romanesque buildings, Gothic structures are skeletal systems.
What structure is generally recognized as the first Gothic building?
What structure is generally recognized as the first Gothic building?
Gothic buildings consist of articulated but unified cells of space.
Gothic buildings consist of articulated but unified cells of space.
In its pre-1205 state, the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon retained elements from Romanesque works, including:
In its pre-1205 state, the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon retained elements from Romanesque works, including:
What is plate tracery?
What is plate tracery?
What is bar tracery?
What is bar tracery?
Who designed the north transept of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?
Who designed the north transept of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?
In what region around Paris did the Gothic style originate?
In what region around Paris did the Gothic style originate?
The Abbey Church of St. Denis had how many doorways with carved tympana and jamb statues?
The Abbey Church of St. Denis had how many doorways with carved tympana and jamb statues?
What does the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?
What does the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?
What notable feature does the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon have?
What notable feature does the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Laon have?
Who started the construction of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?
Who started the construction of the new Cathedral of Notre Dame?
How were the interior elevations of the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres simplified?
How were the interior elevations of the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres simplified?
What did the master masons do when rebuilding the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres?
What did the master masons do when rebuilding the Cathedral of Notre Dame at Chartres?
What does the west front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?
What does the west front of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris have?
Study Notes
Aachen Palace Complex
- Modeled after the Lateran Palace in Rome, reflecting influences of classical architecture.
- The Palatine Chapel features a westwerk entrance and a central octagon with a cloister vault.
Carolingian Contributions
- Addition of westwerk to churches marked significant Carolingian contributions to Western architecture.
- Polychrome masonry and semicircular arches are prominent features in the Palatine Chapel.
Abbey Gatehouses
- Lorsch gatehouse displays a triple arched passageway and treatment surfaces resembling fabric.
- Abbey structures laid out on a square grid, informed by S. Vitale in Ravenna.
Germigny-des-Prés Oratory
- Features a square central tower and horseshoe arches with a Greek cross plan.
- Displays Byzantine artistic influences in its mosaics, specifically in the eastern apse.
Plan of St. Gall
- The oldest surviving architectural drawing from the medieval period, exemplifying monastic life.
- Includes functional elements like bake houses, workshops, and a complete working farm.
Romanesque and Gothic Architecture
- Romanesque structures demonstrate affinity with ancient Roman architecture through the use of arches and vaults.
- Transition to Gothic characterized by skeletal systems, pointed arches, and rib vaults enhancing structural efficiency.
Noteworthy Gothic Structures
- Abbey Church of St. Denis recognized as the first Gothic building, impacting the style's spread in Northern France.
- Notre Dame Cathedral exemplifies Gothic features with triple portals, elaborate tympana, and a solid west front design.
Pilgrimage Church Developments
- Modifications in church plans, like the ambulatory in Santiago de Compostela, accommodated increasing pilgrim traffic.
- Major pilgrimage routes saw the construction of significant churches such as St. Sernin in Toulouse and St. Foy in Conques.
Cluniac and Cistercian Ideals
- Cluny III represented complex architectural ambitions with double transepts and extensive vault systems.
- Cistercian monasteries favored simplicity in design, avoiding ornate decorations while promoting durable constructions.
Symbolism in Architecture
- Tympanum art in churches conveys theological narratives, with Christ often depicted as a judge.
- Elements like window tracery and flying buttresses exemplify the integration of art and structure in the Gothic style.
Architectural Innovations
- Distinctive use of vaulting techniques and modular designs developed through various architectural phases; sexpartite vaulting was common in notable Norman churches like Durham.
- Cluniac and Cistercian churches embraced functional layouts suited to monastic life, reflecting the evolving priorities in ecclesiastical architecture.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 3 related to architectural structures, specifically focusing on the palace complex at Aachen and the Palatine Chapel. Each card delves into key terms and their definitions, providing a concise learning tool for architecture enthusiasts.
