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Questions and Answers
What was the later addition to Strawberry Hill added in the 1860s?
White Portion used as a museum
Which of the following is an acronym related to historic preservation?
What year was the Historic Sites Act established?
1935
The mission of the Association for Preservation Technology includes promoting the longevity of the built environment.
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The ____ was a tool for revitalization according to Jane Jacobs.
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Who wrote 'Silent Spring'?
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What was the purpose of Mission 66?
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Match the following organizations with their purposes:
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The Historic American Landscape Survey was developed in 2000.
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The Penn Station in Manhattan was demolished in ____.
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Which of the following is NOT a key term relevant to preservation?
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What is the purpose of the Governor's Palace?
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The Elgin Marbles were acquired through legal means.
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Who was the first restoration architect influential in preservation?
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The __________ Act, enacted in 1906, marked a pivotal shift in protecting historic sites.
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What is the significance of the term 'contemporary yet compatible' in preservation?
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What was a major outcome of the Great Depression related to preservation?
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What is the focus of restoration as a preservation treatment method?
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What does the National Trust for Historic Preservation do?
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Match the following preservation figures with their contributions:
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Study Notes
Vocabulary and Terminology
- Juxtaposition relevant in art, advertising, and architecture.
- Key terms include "facade," "fenestration," and "porte cochere."
- Mathematical concepts in preservation: Golden Ratio, Golden Section, Fibonacci Sequence.
- Distinct meanings: "Capitol" (building) vs. "capital" (city/financial), "restoration" vs. "rehabilitation."
NPS Treatment Methods
- Four primary treatment methods depend on historical significance, physical condition, proposed use, and code requirements.
Governor's Palace Case Study
- Completed in 1722, the Governor's Palace was the residence for royal governors in Virginia.
- Significant mid-18th century addition included a 75-foot wing.
- Became part of the College of William and Mary post-1780.
- Archaeological reconstruction efforts focused on the original foundation and historical illustrations, such as a 1730s copperplate.
Preservation Terminology
- Differentiate between "Interior" (context of preservation) and "Inside."
- Distinctions: "muntin" (window) vs. "mullion" (vertical bar).
- “Contemporary yet compatible” reflects harmony between old and new.
Architectural Style and Historic Significance
- Architectural style defined by time periods and key characteristics.
- Historic significance can stem from notable events, individuals, or design evolution.
- Key concepts influencing treatment methods include style, significance, and integrity.
Preservation Treatment Methods
- Preservation maintains and repairs historic materials, emphasizing 'as-is' condition.
- Rehabilitation allows for alterations while preserving historic character.
- Restoration depicts properties at specific periods, limiting upgrades and removing incongruous features.
- Reconstruction recreates non-surviving aspects based on evidence.
Notable Preservation Examples
- Stan Hywet Hall & Gardens: Historic architecture in Ohio, including various structures.
- Old State House (Philadelphia): Saved from demolition and restored, linked to the Declaration of Independence.
- Mount Vernon Ladies' Association (1853): Early preservation illustrating women's roles in fundraising and restoration.
Influential Figures in Preservation
- Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879): Pioneer in restoration architecture, emphasizing factual historical accuracy blended with creativity.
- John Ruskin (1819-1900): Advocated for preserving the artistic character of architecture against industrial materials.
Historical Preservation Movements in the U.S.
- Early collaborations by genealogists and conservationists; significant projects like the preservation of Yellowstone (1872).
- Casa Grande became the first national monument; Mesa Verde was recognized to prevent looting.
Preservation History and Legal Issues
- Elgin Marbles Debate: Highlights ethical complexities in ownership and repatriation.
- Canyon de Chelly: Managed by the Navajo Nation, emphasizing Native American heritage preservation.
Preservation History (Early to Mid-1900s)
- Drayton Hall reflects changes in preservation philosophy, with a focus on stabilization.
- Williamsburg restoration set principles for maintaining colonial aesthetics and integrity.
Additional Notable Structures
- TWA Terminal: Significant advancement in airport design, underwent renovation despite threats of demolition.
Antiquities Act (1906)
- Allowed presidential protection of historic and prehistoric sites; significant locations include Devil’s Tower and the Grand Canyon.
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS)
- Initiated in 1933 to document structures, contributing to architectural heritage understanding and preservation.
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities
- Established in 1910 to preserve historic buildings through reversible restoration methods.
Public Works Initiatives
- 1933 Civil Works Administration employed artists for public building enhancement.
- 1935 Works Progress Administration facilitated numerous cultural projects during the Great Depression.
Jane Jacobs and Rachel Carson
- Jane Jacobs: Advocated using preservation for urban revitalization and mixed-use development.
- Rachel Carson: Highlighted environmental destruction in "Silent Spring," leading to policy changes and the creation of the EPA.
Venice Charter (1964)
- Developed preservation guidelines focusing on buildings and materials but neglecting context and social issues.
Presidio (San Francisco)
- Established as a military base, became a national historic landmark, managed to become self-sufficient post-federal funding.
National Historic Preservation Act (1966)
- Established funds and local regulation for preservation activities, leading to the creation of State Historic Preservation Offices.
Association for Preservation Technology
- Multi-disciplinary organization promoting the longevity and care of the built environment through knowledge sharing and partnerships.
National Environmental Policy Act (1961)
- Protects national environments through review processes on federal projects.
US Bicentennial (1976)
- Increased interest in history, preservation, and heritage through cultural events and local historical efforts.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key vocabulary and concepts related to architectural preservation. This quiz covers important terms, treatment methods, and specific case studies, including the historical significance of the Governor's Palace. Engage with terms like juxtaposition, facade, and various preservation concepts.
