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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a shallow cistern or drain area in the center of a house?
Which architectural feature is reserved for the clergy in early Christian churches?
What architectural style emerged in western Europe in the early 11th century?
Which of the following is considered the finest example of French-Gothic architecture?
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What is the structure that consists of wedge-shaped blocks over an opening called?
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What architectural feature is known for supporting an ornament at the corners or peak of a roof?
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Which term refers to the dining hall in a monastery, convent, or college?
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In architectural terms, what does 'tracery' refer to?
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Which architecture style is characterized by massive and tapering columns resting on a base of three steps?
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What type of structure is described as a domical mound containing a relic?
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What does the term 'Cortel' refer to in context of architecture?
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What describes the burial method involving earthen mounds with upright stones for multiple burials?
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Which architectural style is known for its ornamental patterns that embody the characteristic Greek ornament?
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Which church is the best example of a German Romanesque church with apses at both ends?
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What was the first plan shape of St. Peter's Basilica by Bramante?
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Who erected the entrance Piazza at St. Peter's Basilica?
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What is the large element in the frieze called?
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In which architectural order is the Parthenon designed?
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Which structure was erected by Andronikos Cyrrhestes for measuring time?
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What does the term 'Cella' correspond to in Greek architecture?
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What symbolizes fertility in Egyptian ornamentation?
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Who was the architect of the Batasang Pambansa?
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Which of the following originated in Moscow?
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Who designed the Bonifacio Monument?
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Which architectural style represents a return to the use of Roman orders?
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What term describes a three-quarter length figure similar to Caryatids and Atlantes?
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Which structure was built by Fr. Blas dela Madre and reflects Spanish Baroque influence?
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Which term describes the combination of new art styles with traditional motifs?
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What is the name of the architecture term for a solution or scheme to a design problem?
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What is the function of a chancel in early Christian churches?
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Which architectural feature is specifically a tower in a mosque used to call people to prayer?
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What is a baldachino in the context of church architecture?
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What do the terms 'mortuary' and 'cult temples' refer to in Egyptian architecture?
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In Gothic architecture, what are crochets?
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What is the purpose of a cantharus in early Christian basilicas?
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What distinguishes an exedra in church architecture?
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Which architectural term refers to a decorative niche housing a statue?
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Study Notes
Architectural Elements
- Antefix: An upright ornament used to conceal the foot of a row of tiles on a roof.
- Acroterion: An ornament placed at the corners or peak of a roof, often on a pedestal.
- Anthemion: An ornamental motif, often referred to as a 'Honeysuckle' ornament, characteristic of Greek architecture.
- Apotheca: A storeroom, particularly for wine, in ancient Greece and Rome.
- Marble: A material used extensively for facing walls in Italian Romanesque architecture, distinguishing it from the rest of Europe.
- Refectory: The dining hall in a monastery, convent, or college.
- Baroque: An architectural style characterized by curves and elaborate ornamentation.
- Cortel: The open court in an Italian palazzo.
- Tracery: Ornamental stonework filling the upper part of a Gothic window.
- Cha-sit-su: A Japanese tea house.
- Masjid: A Muslim temple, a mosque for public worship.
- Stupa: A domical mound containing a relic, typically found in Buddhist architecture.
- Bale: A traditional Ifugao house (southern strain)
- Ziggurat: A Mesopotamian temple made of sun-dried bricks, signifying the importance of religion in the culture.
- Doric: An architectural order characterized by massive and tapering columns resting on a three-step base.
- Pyramid: The tomb of pharaohs in ancient Egypt.
- Tumuli: Earthen burial mounds containing chambers for multiple burials.
- Apse: A semi-circular or semi-polygonal space, usually in a church, used to house an altar.
- Dipteral: A Greek temple with a double line of columns surrounding the central space.
- Prytaneion: The senate house for chief dignitaries in Greek architecture.
- Cenotaphs: Empty tombs, often built to honor individuals.
- Aljibe: A cistern used to store rainwater collected from the azotea in the Bahay na Bato, a traditional Filipino house.
- Impluvium: A shallow cistern or drain area situated in the center of a house.
- Naos: The sanctuary in a Greek temple.
- Crypt: A tomb located underneath a church.
- Bema: A raised stage reserved for the clergy in early Christian churches.
- Console: A decorative bracket often resembling a cyma reversa strap.
- Villa: A semi-palatial house surrounded by an open site.
- Atrium House: A Roman house with a central patio.
- Romanesque: An architectural style that emerged in Western Europe in the 11th century, characterized by massive structures, round arches, and vaults. It drew influence from Roman and Byzantine architecture.
- Forum: The public square of imperial Rome.
- Chartres Cathedral: A prominent example of French-Gothic architecture.
- Agora: The central public space in Ancient Greek cities, used for social, political, and commercial activities.
- Acanthus: A plant whose leaves form the lower portion of the Corinthian capital, an architectural element.
- Narthex: A structure of wedge-shaped blocks forming an entrance, typically found in churches.
- Nave: The central part of a church, extending from the narthex to the choir.
- Ambulatory: A covered walkway, often found in churches.
- Cantharus: A basin for ritual cleansing in the atrium of an early Christian basilica.
- Exedra: A large apsidal extension of a church's interior volume.
- Baldachino: An ornamental canopy above a church altar.
- Tabernacle: A decorative niche housing a statue or religious artifact, often topped with a canopy.
- Niche: A recess in a wall, containing a statue or other small items.
- Minaret: A tower in a mosque from which a call to prayer is made.
- Lacunaria: Sunken panels found in ceilings, acting as decorative elements.
- Bayon: A Buddhist temple in ancient Cambodia, known for its four-faced representations of the compassionate Buddha.
- Mudejar: A style of architecture that blends Christian, Spanish, and Muslim elements, primarily found in 12th-16th century Spain.
- Crocket: Projecting blocks of stone carved with foliage, a feature of Gothic architecture.
- Abacus: The slab forming the crowning member of the capital, an architectural element.
- Capital: The crowning member of a column.
- Plinth: The base of a column, in the form of a square or rectangular slab.
- Chancel: A low screen wall separating the choir from the rest of a church.
- Frigidarium: The cold section of a Roman bath.
- Barasoain Church: A church in the Philippines that serves as the seat of the Malolos Congress.
- Seraglio: The palace proper in Assyrian palaces.
- Harem: Private family apartments located within Assyrian palaces.
- Great Temple, Abu Simbel: A rock-cut temple in Egypt, renowned for its colossal statues of Rameses II.
- Mortuary Temple: A type of temple in ancient Egypt, dedicated to the deified pharaohs.
- Cult Temple: A type of temple in ancient Egypt, primarily for the worship of gods.
- Worms Cathedral: A notable example of German Romanesque architecture, featuring apses at both east and west ends.
- Cathedral: The Episcopal church of a diocese, a prominent structure in Gothic architecture.
- Greek Cross: The initial plan shape for the St. Peter's Basilica, designed by Bramante.
- Latin Cross: The final plan shape of the St. Peter's Basilica, designed by Carlo Maderna.
- Dispensa: A food storage space in the Bahay na Bato.
- Falig: The granary in a traditional Bontoc House.
- Erechtheion: A Greek temple built by Mnesicles.
- Balteus: The part of the Corinthian capital without ornamentation.
- Pantheon: A Roman temple, designed by Agrippa.
- Tower of the Winds, Athens: A structure built by Andronikos Cyrrhestes to measure time, including a clepsydra and sun dial.
- Stoa: A type of colonnade, particularly a covered walkway, found in ancient Greece.
- Papyrus: An Egyptian ornament symbolizing fertility.
- Balneum: A small, private bath found in Roman houses or palaces.
- Cella: The main chamber of a temple, corresponding to the Greek "naos."
- Triglyph: A large element in the frieze of an architectural structure, often spaced evenly with metopes.
- Chicago Tribune Tower: A skyscraper designed by Eliel Saarinen.
- Taj Mahal: A mausoleum in India, designed by Shah Jahan.
- Telamones or Atlantes: Male figures used as supporting columns, similar to Caryatids.
- Herms: Three-quarter-length figures used as decorative elements, like Caryatids and Atlantes.
- Terms: A pedestal featuring human, animal, or mythological creatures.
- Madrassah: A small house of prayer in Egyptian architecture.
- Constructivism: An artistic and architectural movement originated in Moscow.
- Expressionist: An art movement associated with Erich Mendelsohn.
- Art Noveau: An artistic and architectural movement, founded by John Ruskin and William Morris.
- Eclecticism: A mix of new and old art elements in architectural style.
- Neo-Classism: The revival of classical Roman architecture styles in a more modern context.
- Parti: A scheme or proposed solution to an architectural problem.
- Morong Church: A church in the Philippines, built by Fr. Blas dela Madre, showcasing Spanish Baroque influence.
- Panay Capiz Church: This church, first built by Fr. Miguel Murguia, is known for its unusually large bell cast from coins donated by the townspeople.
- Lamin: The tower atop the torogan, a traditional Maranao house, where the princess and her ladies in waiting would retreat.
- Zaguan: The ground floor of the Bahay na Bato, housing carriages and floats.
- Central Bank of the Philippines: Designed by Gabriel Formoso.
- G.S.I.S. Building, Roxas Boulevard: Designed by George Ramos.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various architectural elements from different cultures and periods. This quiz covers terms such as antefix, acroterion, baroque, and stupa, providing insights into their meanings and significance. Ideal for students and enthusiasts of architecture.
