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Questions and Answers
Chikungunya virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
True
The yellow fever virus has a human reservoir.
False
Zika virus can lead to congenital Zika syndrome in newborns.
True
Dengue fever is characterized by a maculopapular rash as the primary symptom.
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Supportive treatment is recommended for both Chikungunya and Dengue viruses.
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Zika virus outbreaks are common in temperate climates.
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Dengue shock syndrome can occur due to plasma leakage.
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A live, attenuated vaccine is recommended for travelers to endemic countries for Zika virus.
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The Chikungunya virus is a type of Flavivirus.
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Zika virus may cause ocular anomalies in affected newborns.
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Dengue hemorrhagic fever results from severe thrombocytopenia and can cause bleeding.
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A live, attenuated vaccine is currently available for the Zika virus.
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Chikungunya symptoms include high fever and joint swelling.
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The yellow fever virus is transmitted exclusively through sexual contact.
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Dengue fever can lead to life-threatening conditions like Dengue shock syndrome.
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Zika virus can be asymptomatic in the majority of infected individuals.
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Dengue fever can be complicated by jaundice.
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Chikungunya and Zika viruses are both transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
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Zika virus is the only arbovirus that can be transmitted vertically and sexually.
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The yellow fever virus has definitive treatments available for infected patients.
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Thrombocytopenia is a less common symptom for Dengue virus compared to other arboviruses.
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Zika virus outbreaks are more frequent in tropical and subtropical climates.
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Live, recombinant vaccines for dengue virus contain genes from yellow fever virus.
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Joint swelling is not a specific symptom for Chikungunya virus.
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Dengue virus is a type of Alphavirus/togavirus.
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The primary symptom of Yellow Fever virus includes black vomitus.
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Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the Anopheles mosquito.
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Supportive treatment is recommended for Yellow Fever virus infections.
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Guillain-Barré syndrome is a potential complication of Zika virus infections.
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Dengue virus does not have a vaccine currently available.
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Aedes mosquitoes are the only known transmitters of Chikungunya virus.
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The presence of Councilman bodies on liver biopsy is a symptom of Zika virus.
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Study Notes
Arboviruses Overview
- Arboviruses are predominantly transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes.
- Divided into four main types: Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Zika virus.
Chikungunya Virus
- Classified as an alphavirus/togavirus.
- Symptoms include:
- High fever, persistent joint swelling, headaches, maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy.
- Arthralgias and inflammatory polyarthritis are more prevalent compared to dengue.
- Less common symptoms include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology.
- Treatment is primarily supportive, may include steroids or DMARDs for chronic arthritis.
- Prevention focuses on minimizing mosquito exposure, with no vaccine currently available.
Dengue Virus
- A member of the flavivirus family.
- Symptoms manifest as:
- Dengue fever indicated by high fever, headaches, and myalgias.
- Severe cases can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, characterized by bleeding, plasma leakage, and circulatory collapse.
- Prior infections with different serotypes can worsen disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
- Diagnosis is achieved through serological tests.
- Treatment involves supportive care, intravascular volume repletion, or blood transfusion for severe cases.
- A live, recombinant vaccine is available, derived from the yellow fever virus with dengue envelope proteins.
Yellow Fever Virus
- Also a flavivirus with monkeys or humans as reservoirs.
- Symptoms include high fever, black vomitus, jaundice, backaches, and potential hemorrhagic manifestations.
- Diagnosis is supported by biopsy that may reveal Councilman bodies.
- A live, attenuated vaccine is recommended for travelers to endemic regions, with no definitive treatment available.
Zika Virus
- Another virus in the flavivirus category, notable for its modes of transmission including sexual and vertical (from mother to child).
- Symptoms can include conjunctivitis, low-grade fever, itchy rashes, and complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- In newborns, potential complications involve miscarriage or congenital Zika syndrome, presenting as microcephaly and specific brain anomalies (ventriculomegaly and subcortical calcifications).
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology, but there is no definitive treatment.
- Prevention emphasis is on reducing mosquito exposure.
Arboviruses Overview
- Arboviruses are predominantly transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes.
- Divided into four main types: Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Zika virus.
Chikungunya Virus
- Classified as an alphavirus/togavirus.
- Symptoms include:
- High fever, persistent joint swelling, headaches, maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy.
- Arthralgias and inflammatory polyarthritis are more prevalent compared to dengue.
- Less common symptoms include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology.
- Treatment is primarily supportive, may include steroids or DMARDs for chronic arthritis.
- Prevention focuses on minimizing mosquito exposure, with no vaccine currently available.
Dengue Virus
- A member of the flavivirus family.
- Symptoms manifest as:
- Dengue fever indicated by high fever, headaches, and myalgias.
- Severe cases can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, characterized by bleeding, plasma leakage, and circulatory collapse.
- Prior infections with different serotypes can worsen disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
- Diagnosis is achieved through serological tests.
- Treatment involves supportive care, intravascular volume repletion, or blood transfusion for severe cases.
- A live, recombinant vaccine is available, derived from the yellow fever virus with dengue envelope proteins.
Yellow Fever Virus
- Also a flavivirus with monkeys or humans as reservoirs.
- Symptoms include high fever, black vomitus, jaundice, backaches, and potential hemorrhagic manifestations.
- Diagnosis is supported by biopsy that may reveal Councilman bodies.
- A live, attenuated vaccine is recommended for travelers to endemic regions, with no definitive treatment available.
Zika Virus
- Another virus in the flavivirus category, notable for its modes of transmission including sexual and vertical (from mother to child).
- Symptoms can include conjunctivitis, low-grade fever, itchy rashes, and complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- In newborns, potential complications involve miscarriage or congenital Zika syndrome, presenting as microcephaly and specific brain anomalies (ventriculomegaly and subcortical calcifications).
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology, but there is no definitive treatment.
- Prevention emphasis is on reducing mosquito exposure.
Arboviruses Overview
- Arboviruses are predominantly transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes.
- Divided into four main types: Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Zika virus.
Chikungunya Virus
- Classified as an alphavirus/togavirus.
- Symptoms include:
- High fever, persistent joint swelling, headaches, maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy.
- Arthralgias and inflammatory polyarthritis are more prevalent compared to dengue.
- Less common symptoms include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology.
- Treatment is primarily supportive, may include steroids or DMARDs for chronic arthritis.
- Prevention focuses on minimizing mosquito exposure, with no vaccine currently available.
Dengue Virus
- A member of the flavivirus family.
- Symptoms manifest as:
- Dengue fever indicated by high fever, headaches, and myalgias.
- Severe cases can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, characterized by bleeding, plasma leakage, and circulatory collapse.
- Prior infections with different serotypes can worsen disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
- Diagnosis is achieved through serological tests.
- Treatment involves supportive care, intravascular volume repletion, or blood transfusion for severe cases.
- A live, recombinant vaccine is available, derived from the yellow fever virus with dengue envelope proteins.
Yellow Fever Virus
- Also a flavivirus with monkeys or humans as reservoirs.
- Symptoms include high fever, black vomitus, jaundice, backaches, and potential hemorrhagic manifestations.
- Diagnosis is supported by biopsy that may reveal Councilman bodies.
- A live, attenuated vaccine is recommended for travelers to endemic regions, with no definitive treatment available.
Zika Virus
- Another virus in the flavivirus category, notable for its modes of transmission including sexual and vertical (from mother to child).
- Symptoms can include conjunctivitis, low-grade fever, itchy rashes, and complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- In newborns, potential complications involve miscarriage or congenital Zika syndrome, presenting as microcephaly and specific brain anomalies (ventriculomegaly and subcortical calcifications).
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology, but there is no definitive treatment.
- Prevention emphasis is on reducing mosquito exposure.
Arboviruses Overview
- Arboviruses are predominantly transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes.
- Divided into four main types: Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Yellow Fever virus, and Zika virus.
Chikungunya Virus
- Classified as an alphavirus/togavirus.
- Symptoms include:
- High fever, persistent joint swelling, headaches, maculopapular rash, and lymphadenopathy.
- Arthralgias and inflammatory polyarthritis are more prevalent compared to dengue.
- Less common symptoms include thrombocytopenia and leukopenia.
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology.
- Treatment is primarily supportive, may include steroids or DMARDs for chronic arthritis.
- Prevention focuses on minimizing mosquito exposure, with no vaccine currently available.
Dengue Virus
- A member of the flavivirus family.
- Symptoms manifest as:
- Dengue fever indicated by high fever, headaches, and myalgias.
- Severe cases can lead to Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome, characterized by bleeding, plasma leakage, and circulatory collapse.
- Prior infections with different serotypes can worsen disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement.
- Diagnosis is achieved through serological tests.
- Treatment involves supportive care, intravascular volume repletion, or blood transfusion for severe cases.
- A live, recombinant vaccine is available, derived from the yellow fever virus with dengue envelope proteins.
Yellow Fever Virus
- Also a flavivirus with monkeys or humans as reservoirs.
- Symptoms include high fever, black vomitus, jaundice, backaches, and potential hemorrhagic manifestations.
- Diagnosis is supported by biopsy that may reveal Councilman bodies.
- A live, attenuated vaccine is recommended for travelers to endemic regions, with no definitive treatment available.
Zika Virus
- Another virus in the flavivirus category, notable for its modes of transmission including sexual and vertical (from mother to child).
- Symptoms can include conjunctivitis, low-grade fever, itchy rashes, and complications like Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- In newborns, potential complications involve miscarriage or congenital Zika syndrome, presenting as microcephaly and specific brain anomalies (ventriculomegaly and subcortical calcifications).
- Diagnosis relies on RT-PCR and serology, but there is no definitive treatment.
- Prevention emphasis is on reducing mosquito exposure.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of arboviruses, including Chikungunya, Dengue, Yellow Fever, and Zika viruses. Learn about their classifications, modes of transmission, and reservoirs. Test your understanding of these critical diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes.
