Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which family does Yellow Fever Virus belong to?
Which family does Yellow Fever Virus belong to?
- Retroviridae
- Flaviviridae (correct)
- Bunyaviridae
- Togaviridae
What is the primary vector for transmission of Chikungunya virus?
What is the primary vector for transmission of Chikungunya virus?
- Culex mosquito
- Anopheles mosquito
- Aedes aegypti mosquito (correct)
- Tick
Which virus is associated with Rift Valley Fever?
Which virus is associated with Rift Valley Fever?
- Coronaviridae
- Flaviviridae
- Togaviridae
- Bunyaviridae (correct)
What is the main method for diagnosis of Dengue virus infection?
What is the main method for diagnosis of Dengue virus infection?
What is the timeframe for the gradual reabsorption of extravascular compartment fluid in the recovery phase of dengue?
What is the timeframe for the gradual reabsorption of extravascular compartment fluid in the recovery phase of dengue?
What may happen if excessive IV fluids have been administered during dengue recovery?
What may happen if excessive IV fluids have been administered during dengue recovery?
What is a potential consequence of lack of IV fluids administered during dengue recovery?
What is a potential consequence of lack of IV fluids administered during dengue recovery?
What is almost always associated with profound shock and is in combination with thrombocytopenia, hypoxia, and acidosis in severe dengue cases?
What is almost always associated with profound shock and is in combination with thrombocytopenia, hypoxia, and acidosis in severe dengue cases?
When should severe dengue be considered in a patient?
When should severe dengue be considered in a patient?
What are some unusual manifestations of dengue mentioned in the text?
What are some unusual manifestations of dengue mentioned in the text?
What is a potential outcome of excessive fluid therapy during dengue recovery?
What is a potential outcome of excessive fluid therapy during dengue recovery?
What is the most common cause of death in dengue patients?
What is the most common cause of death in dengue patients?
What is the main approach for Chikungunya treatment?
What is the main approach for Chikungunya treatment?
How is Wolbachia utilized to control Ae. aegypti mosquito population?
How is Wolbachia utilized to control Ae. aegypti mosquito population?
What is the incubation period for Chikungunya fever?
What is the incubation period for Chikungunya fever?
What is the family of arboviruses including Chikungunya called?
What is the family of arboviruses including Chikungunya called?
Which virus causes Rift Valley Fever?
Which virus causes Rift Valley Fever?
Where is Chikungunya primarily found?
Where is Chikungunya primarily found?
What type of tests are used for lab findings of Chikungunya?
What type of tests are used for lab findings of Chikungunya?
How is Rift Valley Fever transmitted?
How is Rift Valley Fever transmitted?
What is the approach for prevention and control of Chikungunya?
What is the approach for prevention and control of Chikungunya?
Which bacteria is utilized to control Ae. aegypti mosquito population?
Which bacteria is utilized to control Ae. aegypti mosquito population?
What are the clinical features of Chikungunya fever?
What are the clinical features of Chikungunya fever?
What is the common approach for treatment of Chikungunya fever?
What is the common approach for treatment of Chikungunya fever?
What are the natural reservoirs of arboviruses?
What are the natural reservoirs of arboviruses?
How do arboviruses perpetuate in the environment?
How do arboviruses perpetuate in the environment?
What is the primary mode of transmission for arboviruses?
What is the primary mode of transmission for arboviruses?
How do arboviruses maintain themselves in nature?
How do arboviruses maintain themselves in nature?
Where does viral multiplication occur in the body?
Where does viral multiplication occur in the body?
What are some common symptoms of arboviral diseases?
What are some common symptoms of arboviral diseases?
Which of the following are arthropod vectors for arboviruses?
Which of the following are arthropod vectors for arboviruses?
What are used for diagnosing arbovirus infections?
What are used for diagnosing arbovirus infections?
Which of the following arboviral infections has a vaccine available?
Which of the following arboviral infections has a vaccine available?
What influences the constant distribution of arthropod vectors?
What influences the constant distribution of arthropod vectors?
What is important in addressing arboviral infections?
What is important in addressing arboviral infections?
What are the blood-sucking arthropods that can transmit arboviral diseases?
What are the blood-sucking arthropods that can transmit arboviral diseases?
What is the primary vector for dengue?
What is the primary vector for dengue?
What is the size range of the dengue virus?
What is the size range of the dengue virus?
How does transmission of the dengue virus to humans occur?
How does transmission of the dengue virus to humans occur?
What are the clinical manifestations of dengue?
What are the clinical manifestations of dengue?
What is characteristic of the febrile phase of dengue?
What is characteristic of the febrile phase of dengue?
What does the critical phase of dengue involve?
What does the critical phase of dengue involve?
How can severe dengue be detected?
How can severe dengue be detected?
What is crucial in increasing the survival rate of dengue patients?
What is crucial in increasing the survival rate of dengue patients?
Who does dengue virus infection affect?
Who does dengue virus infection affect?
What is the life cycle of the dengue virus?
What is the life cycle of the dengue virus?
What is the characteristic of Aedes Aegypti's feeding behavior?
What is the characteristic of Aedes Aegypti's feeding behavior?
Where does Aedes Aegypti lay its eggs?
Where does Aedes Aegypti lay its eggs?
Which arthropod vector is associated with the Rift Valley Fever virus?
Which arthropod vector is associated with the Rift Valley Fever virus?
Which method is used for diagnosing Rift Valley Fever virus?
Which method is used for diagnosing Rift Valley Fever virus?
Where is Yellow Fever virus mainly found?
Where is Yellow Fever virus mainly found?
What is the primary transmission vector for Japanese Encephalitis?
What is the primary transmission vector for Japanese Encephalitis?
What is the primary method for preventing Rift Valley Fever?
What is the primary method for preventing Rift Valley Fever?
Which virus causes a wide range of clinical symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis?
Which virus causes a wide range of clinical symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis?
What is the history of dengue's pandemic spread?
What is the history of dengue's pandemic spread?
What is the primary symptom of dengue infection with another serotype, especially serotype 2?
What is the primary symptom of dengue infection with another serotype, especially serotype 2?
What is the primary method for diagnosing dengue?
What is the primary method for diagnosing dengue?
What was the significant event in 2020 related to dengue?
What was the significant event in 2020 related to dengue?
What is the primary characteristic of most human infections of Japanese Encephalitis?
What is the primary characteristic of most human infections of Japanese Encephalitis?
What are the two major forms of Yellow Fever virus?
What are the two major forms of Yellow Fever virus?
Which virus is a member of the genus Morbillivirus?
Which virus is a member of the genus Morbillivirus?
What is the primary characteristic of rubella infection?
What is the primary characteristic of rubella infection?
Which virus primarily causes parotitis and orchitis in males?
Which virus primarily causes parotitis and orchitis in males?
What is the primary route of transmission for measles?
What is the primary route of transmission for measles?
When does the secondary viremia occur after exposure to measles virus?
When does the secondary viremia occur after exposure to measles virus?
What is the characteristic feature of Koplik's spots in measles?
What is the characteristic feature of Koplik's spots in measles?
What is the cause of the maculopapular rash in measles?
What is the cause of the maculopapular rash in measles?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
What is the rare but life-threatening complication characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after acute measles infection?
What is the rare but life-threatening complication characterized by behavioral and intellectual deterioration and seizures years after acute measles infection?
Which of the following is a characteristic of atypical/modified measles?
Which of the following is a characteristic of atypical/modified measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the characteristic feature of the measles rash?
What is the characteristic feature of the measles rash?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the measles virus in the context of the described disease?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the measles virus in the context of the described disease?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary approach for preventing measles outbreaks?
What is the primary approach for preventing measles outbreaks?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the characteristic of the humoral immune response to measles infection?
What is the characteristic of the humoral immune response to measles infection?
What is the significance of atypical measles in the context of diagnosis?
What is the significance of atypical measles in the context of diagnosis?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary characteristic of measles outbreaks before widespread vaccination campaigns?
What is the primary characteristic of measles outbreaks before widespread vaccination campaigns?
What is the protective antibody percentage after the 1st dose of the measles-rubella vaccine?
What is the protective antibody percentage after the 1st dose of the measles-rubella vaccine?
Which trimester of pregnancy has the highest risk for structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
Which trimester of pregnancy has the highest risk for structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the main method for diagnosis of rubella?
What is the main method for diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary treatment approach for congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary treatment approach for congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the recommended prophylaxis for rubella in certain cases?
What is the recommended prophylaxis for rubella in certain cases?
Which diagnostic marker can be specific to congenital rubella syndrome?
Which diagnostic marker can be specific to congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
In which trimester does measles affect 85% of infants in third world countries?
In which trimester does measles affect 85% of infants in third world countries?
Which trimester has the lowest risk of structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
Which trimester has the lowest risk of structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of rubella?
What is the main approach for preventing rubella in certain groups?
What is the main approach for preventing rubella in certain groups?
What is the most common manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the most common manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome?
Which of the following is NOT a structural protein of the measles virus?
Which of the following is NOT a structural protein of the measles virus?
What is the incubation period of measles?
What is the incubation period of measles?
Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
What is a characteristic sign of measles infection?
What is a characteristic sign of measles infection?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
Which of the following is a consequence of measles virus infection?
Which of the following is a consequence of measles virus infection?
What is a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
What is a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
How many serotypes of the measles virus are recognized?
How many serotypes of the measles virus are recognized?
Which of the following animals can be affected by the measles virus?
Which of the following animals can be affected by the measles virus?
What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
What is the characteristic cellular response to measles virus replication?
What is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic variations in measles virus strains?
What is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic variations in measles virus strains?
Which of the following is a symptom of measles infection?
Which of the following is a symptom of measles infection?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
The following are complications associated with mumps EXCEPT:
The following are complications associated with mumps EXCEPT:
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Measles vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Measles vaccine?
T/F Active immunization for Rubella gives lifelong immunity to an individual.
T/F Active immunization for Rubella gives lifelong immunity to an individual.
Organogenesis period happens in what stage of pregnancy?
Organogenesis period happens in what stage of pregnancy?
This method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis
This method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis
Which of the following is correct regarding measles?
Which of the following is correct regarding measles?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the measles rash?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the measles rash?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What are the natural reservoirs of arboviruses?
What are the natural reservoirs of arboviruses?
What is the primary cause of a persistent measles infection leading to a Progressive degenerative CNS disease?
What is the primary cause of a persistent measles infection leading to a Progressive degenerative CNS disease?
What is the significance of the presence of humoral antibodies in measles immunity?
What is the significance of the presence of humoral antibodies in measles immunity?
What is the primary method for diagnosing measles through laboratory diagnosis?
What is the primary method for diagnosing measles through laboratory diagnosis?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary characteristic of atypical measles?
What is the primary characteristic of atypical measles?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles in hospitals?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles in hospitals?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary method for detecting severe dengue?
What is the primary method for detecting severe dengue?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the characteristic feature of the measles rash?
What is the characteristic feature of the measles rash?
Which trimester has the lowest risk of structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
Which trimester has the lowest risk of structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles?
What is the primary method for diagnosing atypical measles?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the characteristic of Aedes Aegypti's feeding behavior?
What is the characteristic of Aedes Aegypti's feeding behavior?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What are some common symptoms of arboviral diseases?
What are some common symptoms of arboviral diseases?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the primary vector for dengue?
What is the primary vector for dengue?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
When does the secondary viremia occur after exposure to measles virus?
When does the secondary viremia occur after exposure to measles virus?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots in measles?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik's spots in measles?
What causes the maculopapular rash in measles?
What causes the maculopapular rash in measles?
What is the significance of the absence of rash in measles infection?
What is the significance of the absence of rash in measles infection?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
In which condition does giant cell pneumonia occur as a complication of measles?
In which condition does giant cell pneumonia occur as a complication of measles?
What is the rare complication characterized by progressive mental deterioration and seizures years after an acute measles infection?
What is the rare complication characterized by progressive mental deterioration and seizures years after an acute measles infection?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the most common complication of measles in partially immune persons?
What is the most common complication of measles in partially immune persons?
What is the primary cause of most measles-related deaths in developing countries?
What is the primary cause of most measles-related deaths in developing countries?
What is the primary characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the primary characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Mumps vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with Mumps?
Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with Mumps?
During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
During primary viremia, the virus spreads and replicates in the blood. In secondary viremia, infected persons begin to shed the virus from the nasopharynx 6-14 days after exposure for 3-8 days after rash onset.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Active immunization for Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Active immunization for Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the measles virus in the context of the described disease?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the measles virus in the context of the described disease?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Measles vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Measles vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella vaccine?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella vaccine?
What is the incubation period of measles?
What is the incubation period of measles?
How many virion structural proteins does the measles virus encode?
How many virion structural proteins does the measles virus encode?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
Which cellular receptor does the measles virus attach to?
What are the characteristic signs of measles infection?
What are the characteristic signs of measles infection?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
What is the primary vector for transmission of Chikungunya virus?
What is the primary vector for transmission of Chikungunya virus?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the primary method for preventing congenital rubella?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary characteristic of measles infection in individuals with defective cell-mediated immunity?
What is the primary method for diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary method for diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the rubella virus in the context of the described disease?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the rubella virus in the context of the described disease?
What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps?
What is the primary mode of transmission for mumps?
What is the primary method for diagnosing congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary method for diagnosing congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary characteristic of the measles-rubella vaccine?
What is the primary characteristic of the measles-rubella vaccine?
What is the primary mode of passive prophylaxis for rubella?
What is the primary mode of passive prophylaxis for rubella?
What is the primary risk factor for structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary risk factor for structural abnormalities in congenital rubella syndrome?
When was the measles-rubella vaccine first available for routine immunization?
When was the measles-rubella vaccine first available for routine immunization?
What is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary method for laboratory diagnosis of rubella?
What is the primary manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome in infants?
What is the primary manifestation of congenital rubella syndrome in infants?
What is the primary characteristic of treatment for congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary characteristic of treatment for congenital rubella syndrome?
What is the primary method for active immunization against rubella?
What is the primary method for active immunization against rubella?
What is the primary risk factor for measles in infants in third world countries?
What is the primary risk factor for measles in infants in third world countries?
What is the primary characteristic of the measles-rubella vaccine's contraindications?
What is the primary characteristic of the measles-rubella vaccine's contraindications?
What is the primary characteristic of the accidental vaccinations in susceptible pregnant women?
What is the primary characteristic of the accidental vaccinations in susceptible pregnant women?
What is the primary cellular receptor to which the measles virus attaches?
What is the primary cellular receptor to which the measles virus attaches?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of measles infection?
Which of the following is a characteristic sign of measles infection?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the incubation period for measles?
What is the primary cause of generalized immunosuppression following measles infection?
What is the primary cause of generalized immunosuppression following measles infection?
Which family does the measles virus belong to?
Which family does the measles virus belong to?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for the measles virus?
What is the major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
What is the major cause of measles-related mortality among young children?
What is the characteristic feature of measles virus replication?
What is the characteristic feature of measles virus replication?
What is the only known natural species recognized to be infected by the measles virus?
What is the only known natural species recognized to be infected by the measles virus?
What is the primary cause of measles-related death in immunocompromised individuals?
What is the primary cause of measles-related death in immunocompromised individuals?
What is the primary method for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic drifts in measles virus strains?
What is the primary method for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic drifts in measles virus strains?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
What is the primary site of initial measles virus replication?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik’s spots in measles?
What is the characteristic appearance of Koplik’s spots in measles?
What is the primary cause of most measles-related deaths?
What is the primary cause of most measles-related deaths?
What is the significance of the presence of humoral antibodies in measles immunity?
What is the significance of the presence of humoral antibodies in measles immunity?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary method for preventing measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary cause of immune suppression following measles infection?
What is the primary characteristic of atypical measles?
What is the primary characteristic of atypical measles?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What are some common complications of measles?
What are some common complications of measles?
Which of the following is a characteristic of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?
What is the primary method for diagnosing measles?
What is the primary method for diagnosing measles?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles virus?
What is the primary mode of transmission for measles virus?
What is the characteristic of humoral immune response to measles infection?
What is the characteristic of humoral immune response to measles infection?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the mean incubation period for measles?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the primary habitat of the measles virus?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
What is the most common cause of measles-related deaths?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the distribution of measles worldwide?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the characteristic of the exanthem period in measles?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What is the primary symptom of measles infection during the prodromal period?
What is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic variations in measles virus strains?
What is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic variations in measles virus strains?
What is the cause of serious secondary infections in measles?
What is the cause of serious secondary infections in measles?
Which of the following statements about measles vaccine is correct?
Which of the following statements about measles vaccine is correct?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mumps V antigen and S antigen?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mumps V antigen and S antigen?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Rubella?
During which stage of pregnancy does organogenesis period happen?
During which stage of pregnancy does organogenesis period happen?
Which of the following are complications associated with mumps?
Which of the following are complications associated with mumps?
Which method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis?
Which method of laboratory diagnosis can be used to detect viral mumps RNA and fosters a rapid confirmation for the diagnosis?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which of the following does not belong to the classical triad of Rubella in infected neonates?
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which heart-related disease in congenital rubella syndrome is due to the abnormal development of the fetal heart during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy?
Which of the following statements about primary and secondary viremia is correct?
Which of the following statements about primary and secondary viremia is correct?
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
The presence of this component differentiates mumps from measles virus.
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Study Notes
Arboviruses and Their Characteristics
- Aedes is an arthropod vector of the Rift Valley Fever virus, diagnosed using RT-PCR, ELISA, and culture from blood and tissues samples.
- There is no FDA-approved treatment for Rift Valley Fever, and prevention methods include avoiding contact with infected animals and protecting against mosquitoes.
- Flaviviridae causes a wide range of clinical symptoms, including hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis, and is spread by a mosquito vector affecting humans and birds.
- Japanese Encephalitis, a flavivirus transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, was first discovered in Japan and large-scale epidemics occur in China, India, and other parts of Asia.
- Yellow Fever virus, also a flavivirus, is mainly found in West Africa and South America, with two major forms: Urban and Jungle (sylvatic) yellow fever.
- Most human infections of Japanese Encephalitis are subclinical, but in clinical cases, life-threatening encephalitis occurs.
- Dengue, known as "break-bone fever," is a mosquito-borne febrile illness primarily occurring in tropical and subtropical regions, with four main serotypes.
- Dengue infection with another serotype, especially serotype 2, predisposes individuals to dengue hemorrhagic fever, causing hemorrhage or shock, especially in children.
- There is no specific therapy for Japanese Encephalitis, but a vaccine is available, while dengue diagnosis involves serology tests and no specific therapy is available, but a vaccine is available.
- Dengue has a history dating back to 1779-1780, with a pandemic beginning in Southeast Asia after World War II, and it is currently present in Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific.
- The two cycles of dengue are the Jungle Cycle (Sylvatic/Enzootic) and the Urban Cycle (Epidemic), and in the Philippines, 893 new dengue cases were reported in epidemiologic week 2023, with a total of 111,813 cases reported as of August 26, 2023.
- In 2020, France and Italy reported autochthonous dengue cases, and the five countries reporting the most cases were Brazil, Paraguay, Mexico, Vietnam, and Malaysia.
Measles Virus: Structure, Replication, and Clinical Presentation
- Measles remains a leading cause of death among young children, causing 6 million deaths annually, with 164,000 deaths in 2008, mostly in children under 5.
- Measles is caused by the Paramyxovirus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, and primarily affects humans through respiratory secretions.
- The virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including Nucleoprotein (N), Viral Polymerase Protein (P and L), Hemagglutinin (H), Fusion (F), and Matrix (M) proteins.
- Measles virus attaches to the CD-46 cellular receptor and undergoes a process of attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, and RNA replication during viral replication.
- The clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10 to 12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
- The appearance of Koplik’s spots, a maculopapular rash, and subsequent desquamation of the skin are characteristic signs of measles infection.
- Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, leading to a decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity, interleukin production, and antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses.
- Immunocompromised individuals are predisposed to secondary opportunistic infections, such as bronchopneumonia, a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children.
- The measles virus is only known to infect humans and is recognized by a single serotype, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, mainly via coughing and sneezing, and can cause serious disease in natural species such as seals, dolphins, and horses.
- Measles virus replication leads to the formation of giant multinucleated cells and syncytium formation, characterized by intranuclear inclusions and viral protein synthesis.
- Ongoing molecular surveillance is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic drifts in measles virus strains.
Measles Virus: Structure, Replication, and Clinical Presentation
- Measles remains a leading cause of death among young children, causing 6 million deaths annually, with 164,000 deaths in 2008, mostly in children under 5.
- Measles is caused by the Paramyxovirus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, and primarily affects humans through respiratory secretions.
- The virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including Nucleoprotein (N), Viral Polymerase Protein (P and L), Hemagglutinin (H), Fusion (F), and Matrix (M) proteins.
- Measles virus attaches to the CD-46 cellular receptor and undergoes a process of attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, and RNA replication during viral replication.
- The clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10 to 12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
- The appearance of Koplik’s spots, a maculopapular rash, and subsequent desquamation of the skin are characteristic signs of measles infection.
- Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, leading to a decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity, interleukin production, and antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses.
- Immunocompromised individuals are predisposed to secondary opportunistic infections, such as bronchopneumonia, a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children.
- The measles virus is only known to infect humans and is recognized by a single serotype, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, mainly via coughing and sneezing, and can cause serious disease in natural species such as seals, dolphins, and horses.
- Measles virus replication leads to the formation of giant multinucleated cells and syncytium formation, characterized by intranuclear inclusions and viral protein synthesis.
- Ongoing molecular surveillance is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic drifts in measles virus strains.
Measles Virus: Structure, Replication, and Clinical Presentation
- Measles remains a leading cause of death among young children, causing 6 million deaths annually, with 164,000 deaths in 2008, mostly in children under 5.
- Measles is caused by the Paramyxovirus, belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae, and primarily affects humans through respiratory secretions.
- The virus encodes at least 6 virion structural proteins, including Nucleoprotein (N), Viral Polymerase Protein (P and L), Hemagglutinin (H), Fusion (F), and Matrix (M) proteins.
- Measles virus attaches to the CD-46 cellular receptor and undergoes a process of attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, and RNA replication during viral replication.
- The clinical presentation of measles includes an incubation period of 10 to 12 days, followed by a prodromal period with symptoms such as high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis.
- The appearance of Koplik’s spots, a maculopapular rash, and subsequent desquamation of the skin are characteristic signs of measles infection.
- Measles virus infection causes generalized immunosuppression, leading to a decrease in delayed type hypersensitivity, interleukin production, and antigen-specific lymphoproliferative responses.
- Immunocompromised individuals are predisposed to secondary opportunistic infections, such as bronchopneumonia, a major cause of measles-related mortality among young children.
- The measles virus is only known to infect humans and is recognized by a single serotype, with subtle antigenic and genetic variations among wild-type strains.
- The virus is transmitted through respiratory secretions, mainly via coughing and sneezing, and can cause serious disease in natural species such as seals, dolphins, and horses.
- Measles virus replication leads to the formation of giant multinucleated cells and syncytium formation, characterized by intranuclear inclusions and viral protein synthesis.
- Ongoing molecular surveillance is essential for tracking outbreaks and identifying significant antigenic drifts in measles virus strains.
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