Araling Panlipunan 8 Reviewer: Renaissance Period

The invention that revolutionized cotton processing by separating fibers from seeds, significantly impacting textile production and the rise of the cotton industry.

This period marked a significant shift in production methods, with the introduction of machines and factories, leading to a surge in industrial output and economic growth.

A powerful engine fueled by steam, it revolutionized transportation by enabling the creation of trains and ships, dramatically increasing speed and efficiency.

This process involves the movement of people from rural areas to cities, often driven by job opportunities offered by industries.

A situation where there are not enough jobs available for the number of people seeking employment.

These centers of industrial production equipped with machinery and power sources played a crucial role in the advancement of industrialization.

This economic philosophy emphasizes limited government intervention in markets, allowing free trade and competition to drive economic growth.

Widely considered the 'Father of Modern Philosophy,' he emphasized reason and logic, famously stating 'I think, therefore I am.'

Known for his theory of tabula rasa, he believed that individuals are born with blank minds and their experiences shape their character and knowledge.

He believed that humans are inherently good and have the capacity for self-governance, advocating for a social contract between individuals and the government.

He argued that humans are inherently selfish and violent, advocating for a strong ruler to maintain order and security in society.

This influential political thinker identified three distinct branches: executive, legislative, and judicial, each with its own powers and responsibilities to ensure a balanced and just government.

This period marked a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe, characterized by a renewed interest in classical art, literature, and philosophy.

This emphasizes human potential and achievements, focusing on education, the study of classical texts, and the exploration of human capabilities.

This prosperous Italian region, with its thriving trade cities and influential families, became the birthplace of the Renaissance due to its rich cultural heritage and economic vitality.

A social class consisting of merchants, traders, and entrepreneurs, whose rise was spurred by trade during the Renaissance.

These individuals or families providing financial support, often through patronage, played a critical role in the Renaissance by enabling artists and intellectuals to pursue their craft and contribute to the cultural and intellectual flowering of the period.

A prominent trading company established in England, it played a crucial role in introducing trade goods from South Asia to Europe, shaping global trade patterns.

This concept, often used to justify colonialism, suggested that Europeans had a moral obligation to civilize non-European societies by introducing their culture, religion, and technology.

A term historically used to refer to Africa, reflecting limited European exploration and understanding of its interior regions, often associated with mystery and lack of knowledge.

The first European to document the beauty and grandeur of Victoria Falls, a renowned waterfall in Southern Africa, his exploration contributed significantly to the understanding of the continent.

A state that is controlled and protected by a more powerful country during colonial times, often subject to the control of the protectorate.

Areas where one country has exclusive rights to trade and investment, often established through imperial expansion, granting that country economic and political influence in those regions.

A political treatise written by Niccolò Machiavelli, it advocates for political realism, arguing that rulers should prioritize achieving their objectives, even if it means employing unethical methods.

A renowned artwork by Leonardo da Vinci, depicts the final meal of Jesus with his disciples, famous for its artistic composition and symbolism.

The pursuit of new trade routes, spices, and resources played a prominent role in driving early European colonization efforts in the 15th century, seeking to expand economic opportunities and global influence.

The first Portuguese explorer to reach India by sea, his journey opened new trade routes and expanded Portuguese influence in the Indian Ocean.

This popular artwork, often depicting Mary and the infant Jesus, was created by numerous artists, including Giovanni Bellini, each bringing their distinct artistic style and interpretation to the subject.

Miguel de Cervantes's masterpiece, a satirical novel about a delusional knight errant, Don Quixote, who sets off on adventures with his loyal squire, Sancho Panza. This novel is considered a seminal work in Western literature.