38 Questions
What is the effect of nasal mites and lung mites in animals?
Causing sneezing, nasal discharge, secondary infection, and emphysema
What type of parasites are whale lice?
Crustaceans
What is the effect of whale lice infestation?
No clinical manifestation
What type of protozoan parasites of fish are ectoparasitic?
Ciliates
Which of the following is an example of a flagellate protozoan parasite of fish?
Amyloodinium ocellatum
How many groups can protozoan parasites of fish be divided into?
4
What is the characteristic symptom of renal dropsy in goldfish?
Extreme abdominal distension
What is the common name for the condition caused by Kudoa thyrsites and K. paniformis in marine fishes?
Milky flesh disease
What is the minimum temperature required to inactivate Kudoa septempunctata spores?
95 °C
Which of the following is NOT a treatment for ichthyophthiriasis?
Hydrogen peroxide
What is the concentration of salt solution used to treat trichodiniosis?
2-3%
Which of the following parasites causes human foodborne disease in Japan?
Kudoa septempunctata
What is the purpose of using potassium permanganate in fish parasite control?
To control flagellates
What is the term for the disease caused by Sphaerospora auratus in goldfish, characterized by renal degeneration and ascites?
Renal dropsy
What is the characteristic appearance of marine fish lice on infestation sites?
Transparent, appear as white patches
What is the effect of Ergasilus spp. infestation on the gills of fish?
Destruction of the gill filaments
Which of the following fish is NOT affected by Lernaea spp.?
Salmon
What is the characteristic behavior of fish infested with marine fish lice?
Flashing behavior
What is the effect of Ergasilus spp. infestation on the growth of fish?
Retarded growth
Where are Lernaea spp. anchor worms typically found on infested fish?
Nostrils, body surface, bases of fins, and gills
What is the characteristic appearance of Ergasilus spp. on infested fish?
White to dark brown in color
What is the consequence of Lernaea spp. infestation on the skin and muscle of infested fish?
Swollen skin and muscle
What is the primary cause of ichthyophthiriasis in freshwater fishes?
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection in freshwater fishes?
Inappetence
What is the characteristic shape of the macronucleus in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis?
Horseshoe-shaped
Which of the following fishes is NOT typically affected by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis?
Sea bass
What is the primary difference between Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Cryptocaryon irritans?
Macronucleus shape
What is the characteristic appearance of lesions caused by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in freshwater fishes?
Whitish or grayish spots
Which of the following is a possible complication of heavy Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infection in freshwater fishes?
Respiratory distress
What is the primary habitat of Cryptocaryon irritans?
Marine
Which book is edited by PTK Woo?
Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 1
What is the title of the blog where information about marine velvet disease can be found?
Jack's Evolutionary Biology Blog
Who is the author of the reference titled 'Pictorial Guide to Common Freshwater Fish Parasites'?
Pouder, Curtis, and Yanong
In which year was 'Fish Diseases and Disorders Vol. 1' published?
2006
Who is the author of the paper 'Novel foodborne disease associated with consumption of raw fish, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)'?
Sugita-Konishi, Sato, and Ohnishi
Who prepared the list of references?
Dr. R.L. Galay
Study Notes
Parasitic Diseases of Fish
- Sphaerospora auratus: causes renal dropsy of goldfish, characterized by renal degeneration and ascites, leading to extreme abdominal distension.
Myxosporeans
- Kudoa thyrsites and Kudoa paniformis: cause post-mortem myoliquefaction of fish flesh, known as "milky flesh," "soft flesh," or "jelly flesh" in marine fishes like salmon.
- Kudoa septempunctata: causes human foodborne disease ("Kudoa food poisoning") in Japan after consumption of raw infected fish, particularly olive flounder.
-
Control of Kudoa septempunctata:
- Heat inactivation at 95°C for 10 minutes
- Freezing at -80°C overnight
Control of Fish Protozoan Parasites
-
Water treatment:
- Formalin for ichthyophthiriasis, trichodiniosis, brooklynelliosis, and amyloodiniosis
- Salt solution for ichthyophthiriasis and trichodiniosis
- Hydrogen peroxide for amyloodiniosis
- Potassium permanganate for flagellates
Marine Fish Lice
- Ergasilus spp.: infest tilapia, carp, goby, sea bass, grouper, and mullet, causing destruction of gill filaments, leading to respiratory dysfunction, epithelial hyperplasia, and emaciation.
- Infestation sites: gills, body surface, and fins
- Clinical signs: lumpy body surface, sluggish swimming, flashing behavior, inappetence, and excessive mucus production
Lernaea spp. (Anchor Worms)
- Only females are parasitic, infesting milkfish, carp, tilapia, snakehead, and goby, particularly in hatcheries and fish ponds.
- Infestation sites: nostrils, body surface, bases of fins, gills, and buccal cavity
- Clinical signs: skin and muscle swelling in infestation sites, sneezing, nasal discharge, secondary infection, and emphysema
Arthropod Parasites of Cetaceans
- Whale lice (family Cyamidae): feed on epidermal tissue, body fluids, and algal filaments, but do not cause clinical manifestations
Protozoan Parasites of Fishes
-
Divided into four groups:
- Ciliates: ectoparasitic, examples include Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Cryptocaryon irritans, and trichodinids
- Flagellates: occur on skin, gills, intestines, organs, or blood, examples include Amyloodinium ocellatum, Ichthyobodo spp., and Hexamita spp.
- Sporozoans: coccidia
- Myxosporidians
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis
- Cause of ichthyophthiriasis (Ich) or white spot disease: affects freshwater fishes like catfish, carp, and tilapia
- Lesions: whitish or grayish spots on skin and gills, ulcers may develop on skin
- Clinical signs: inappetence, lethargy, abnormal swimming behavior, darkened body, hemorrhages on body surface, and opaque or hemorrhagic exophthalmic eyes
Cryptocaryon irritans
- White spot disease in marine fishes: affects sea bass, grouper, and snapper
- Lesions: similar to ichthyophthiriasis, with round or oval ciliated parasites observable in mucus (spots) under microscopic examination
This quiz covers fish diseases caused by Sphaerospora auratus, including renal dropsy and its effects on goldfish. Learn about the characteristics and symptoms of these diseases.
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