Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting a site for fish farm construction?
Which factor is NOT considered when selecting a site for fish farm construction?
- Proximity to market
- Soil texture
- Availability of agricultural machinery (correct)
- Water quantity
What is the primary focus of organizational planning in fish farm construction?
What is the primary focus of organizational planning in fish farm construction?
- Deciding the layout of the farm
- Determining the water levels
- Establishing the order of construction (correct)
- Assessing environmental impact
In the site selection decision-making cycle, which step follows the reconnaissance survey if the site meets the requirements?
In the site selection decision-making cycle, which step follows the reconnaissance survey if the site meets the requirements?
- Detailed survey (correct)
- Final evaluation
- Earthworks assessment
- Organizational planning
Which of the following factors is included in physical planning for fish farm construction?
Which of the following factors is included in physical planning for fish farm construction?
Which of the following is a common consideration when evaluating water for a fish farm?
Which of the following is a common consideration when evaluating water for a fish farm?
What does the term 'vegetation density/cover' imply in the context of site selection for fish farms?
What does the term 'vegetation density/cover' imply in the context of site selection for fish farms?
What does a 'detailed draft layout' refer to in the fish farm construction process?
What does a 'detailed draft layout' refer to in the fish farm construction process?
During the planning phase, what must be evaluated after preparing the final detailed design?
During the planning phase, what must be evaluated after preparing the final detailed design?
What major change in fishing gear contributed to increased efficiency in fisheries by 1970?
What major change in fishing gear contributed to increased efficiency in fisheries by 1970?
What was one outcome of the increase in artisanal fisheries noted by 1970?
What was one outcome of the increase in artisanal fisheries noted by 1970?
During the Awareness Years (1991-2001), what was highlighted as a failure regarding government fish farms?
During the Awareness Years (1991-2001), what was highlighted as a failure regarding government fish farms?
Which aspect saw some levels of improvement according to the content during the Awareness Years?
Which aspect saw some levels of improvement according to the content during the Awareness Years?
The quadrupling of fisheries' contribution to the country's GDP between 1960 and 1970 was primarily due to what factor?
The quadrupling of fisheries' contribution to the country's GDP between 1960 and 1970 was primarily due to what factor?
Which factor did NOT contribute to the growth of small and medium scale fish farms during the Awareness Years?
Which factor did NOT contribute to the growth of small and medium scale fish farms during the Awareness Years?
What indicated marginal progress in fish production during the Awareness Years despite significant financial investment?
What indicated marginal progress in fish production during the Awareness Years despite significant financial investment?
What significant event took place by 1970 regarding the management of fishing resources?
What significant event took place by 1970 regarding the management of fishing resources?
In which year was the Fisheries Development Branch established?
In which year was the Fisheries Development Branch established?
What was one of the primary locations for the initial activities of the Fisheries Development Branch?
What was one of the primary locations for the initial activities of the Fisheries Development Branch?
What type of fish culture experiments were conducted at Onikan?
What type of fish culture experiments were conducted at Onikan?
Which major plan was formulated in 1945 for the Fisheries Development Branch?
Which major plan was formulated in 1945 for the Fisheries Development Branch?
Who was appointed to oversee the Fisheries Development Branch after its transfer in early 1945?
Who was appointed to oversee the Fisheries Development Branch after its transfer in early 1945?
What type of fishing crafts were acquired for exploratory fishing during this period?
What type of fishing crafts were acquired for exploratory fishing during this period?
What initiative was implemented between 1948 and 1950 to improve fishing techniques?
What initiative was implemented between 1948 and 1950 to improve fishing techniques?
What significant development was established in 1951 as a result of the fisheries program?
What significant development was established in 1951 as a result of the fisheries program?
What is the minimum depth for the core trench that should be dug beneath the dam?
What is the minimum depth for the core trench that should be dug beneath the dam?
What is the recommended slope ratio for the side of the dam facing water?
What is the recommended slope ratio for the side of the dam facing water?
Which of the following factors is crucial for preventing pond leakage?
Which of the following factors is crucial for preventing pond leakage?
What is the minimum recommended top width for the dam?
What is the minimum recommended top width for the dam?
For erosion control, which of the following plants should NOT be included in the recommended mix?
For erosion control, which of the following plants should NOT be included in the recommended mix?
When should the grass cover on the dam be mowed to prevent woody shrubs from growing?
When should the grass cover on the dam be mowed to prevent woody shrubs from growing?
Which type of vegetation is encouraged for areas with flatter slopes inside the pond?
Which type of vegetation is encouraged for areas with flatter slopes inside the pond?
What should be the role of the principal spillway in relation to the pond?
What should be the role of the principal spillway in relation to the pond?
What is the purpose of digging soil test pits before pond construction?
What is the purpose of digging soil test pits before pond construction?
What depth should soil test pits be excavated relative to the planned depth of the pond?
What depth should soil test pits be excavated relative to the planned depth of the pond?
What type of permit is required for construction of dams between 6 feet and 15 feet in height?
What type of permit is required for construction of dams between 6 feet and 15 feet in height?
Why is it crucial to inspect the materials found in soil test pits?
Why is it crucial to inspect the materials found in soil test pits?
What are the potential consequences of not following pond construction regulations?
What are the potential consequences of not following pond construction regulations?
What is the maximum impounding capacity of a dam determined by?
What is the maximum impounding capacity of a dam determined by?
What is a potential hazard identified during the soil testing process?
What is a potential hazard identified during the soil testing process?
What does the classification of a stream depend on?
What does the classification of a stream depend on?
How is the volume of a dike calculated on flat and regular ground?
How is the volume of a dike calculated on flat and regular ground?
If the cross-section of a dike is given as 8.0652 m² and the length is 80 m, what is the volume of the dike?
If the cross-section of a dike is given as 8.0652 m² and the length is 80 m, what is the volume of the dike?
What is the correct method to calculate dike volume on sloping ground?
What is the correct method to calculate dike volume on sloping ground?
What unit is used to describe the cross-section of a dike?
What unit is used to describe the cross-section of a dike?
When calculating the cross-sectional area using a scale drawing, what does one square on 0.5 m x 0.5 m represent?
When calculating the cross-sectional area using a scale drawing, what does one square on 0.5 m x 0.5 m represent?
For a pond with different wall heights at each corner, what is necessary to determine the volume?
For a pond with different wall heights at each corner, what is necessary to determine the volume?
If the dike has a wall height of 0.5 m at corner A, 0.3 m at corner B, 1.1 m at corner C, and 1.5 m at corner D, what is the average height?
If the dike has a wall height of 0.5 m at corner A, 0.3 m at corner B, 1.1 m at corner C, and 1.5 m at corner D, what is the average height?
What factor is essential when constructing a dike if the average site levels vary by more than 0.30 m?
What factor is essential when constructing a dike if the average site levels vary by more than 0.30 m?
Study Notes
Aquaculture (FIS 309)
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Topics: Definition, aims, and types of aquaculture; history, organization, and status in Nigeria; principles of aquaculture, pond fertilization, food supply; selection and introduction of species; water requirements; stocking, feeding and harvesting practices; fish farm design; economic considerations.
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Lecture 1: What is Aquaculture?
- Aquaculture is fish farming, the art and science of controlled fish rearing from hatchlings to maturity.
- It differs from wild fish farming in that activities like feeding, fertilization, stocking, reproduction, and harvesting are controlled.
- Aquaculture is defined as an industrial process of raising aquatic organisms in partitioned areas, controlling their life cycle, separate from fisheries.
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Lecture 2: History, Present Organization and Current Status of Aquaculture in Nigeria.
- Nigeria's fisheries history is intertwined with its political history, spanning colonial, internal self-governance, and post-1960 periods.
- Efforts to develop local fisheries began in 1941 with surveys, fish culture experiments in Lagos and a small fisheries school.
- Development of fisheries work in Nigeria was impacted by the Second World War and the naval blockage affecting then high seas.
- The fisheries organisation was split between Federal and Regional Governments in 1954.
- Activities include fish farm establishment, research, extension services, and training
- There was considerable expansion of fishing activities between 1956 and 1966, but some setbacks occurred thereafter followed by growth during 1960s-70s
- From 1980s-2000s there was growth in aquaculture practices and awareness
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Types of Aquaculture:
- Static water ponds and running water culture
- Culture in recirculating systems (closed systems)
- Culture in rice-fields
- Aquaculture in raceways, cages, pens, and enclosures
- Finfish culture-cum-livestock rearing (e.g., duck-fish systems).
- Monoculture (culturing one species) and polyculture (culturing multiple species).
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Pond Construction Overview
- Two types of earthen ponds exist: excavated and embankment/ponds.
- Site selection factors include: construction cost, fish production potential, ease of management and overall economics
- Site selection considerations include: water, soil, topography, accessibility, expertise and possible market proximity
- Steps in earthen pond construction: site clearing, staking, topsoil removal, excavation, dike preparation, water supply facility installation, grassing, liming, and fertilization, and impoundment.
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Types of Ponds:
- Embankment: building dikes above the ground level.
- Excavated: digging out below the ground level.
- Barrage: a dike across a natural stream.
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Site Selection for Aquaculture Projects
- Considerations: ecological, biological, and socio-economic.
- Ecological factors: location (near services), topography (gentle slopes), type of soil (impermeable clay).
- Biological factors: choice of species, availability of fingerlings, diseases risk, predators.
- Socio-economic factors: working capital, land availability, culturist skill level, labor, market proximity, safety and security.
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Soil Testing:
- Squeeze test, permeability test, groundwater test.
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Water Supply:
- Dependable source close to the site
- Quality-specific to the culture species
- Availability throughout the year
- Free from pollution
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Hydrological and Meteorological Information
- Data needed for planning Aquaculture projects.
- Includes: monthly temperature, rainfall, evaporation, humidity solar radiation, flood records, and wind direction.
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Pond Maintenance:
- Daily checks for fish stress, water quality (oxygen levels, pH, transparency)-
- Addressing problems like erosion, leaks, weed growth, and presence of predators.
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Harvesting
- Methods: partial & complete
- Considerations: type of gear, pond shape, fish size, and time of harvest.
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Prescribed Texts:
- Comprehensive list of recommended textbooks for aquaculture studies.
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Feed Formulation
- Using techniques like Pearson's Square method -Calculating different ingredient weights and protein content.
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Aquatic Food Supply:
- Defined as the organisms that serve as food for cultured fish.
- Includes phytoplankton, zooplankton, multicellular plants, and animals.
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Introduction of Exotic Species:
- Introduction should consider environmental impact on existing species, reproductive compatibility, disease resistance, and appropriate habitat.
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Steps involved in block tank construction: Marking, topsoil stripping, blinding, block laying, stuffing outlet installation, plastering, water supply pipes installation, curing, and impoundment stocking.
Important Note: This is a broad summary, and further details are within the given documents. Some subsections contain specific examples and calculations.
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