APUSH Chapter 9 Flashcards

Study Notes

Society of Cincinnati was formed by Revolutionary war officers, creating a perceived aristocracy that threatened democratic ideals.
Thomas Jefferson's efforts to disband the Society highlighted the commitment to preserving republican values.

Civic Virtue refers to active participation in community improvement, reflecting a commitment beyond personal obligations.

Republican Motherhood elevated women's status as essential for the moral education of future citizens, highlighting their importance in fostering national values.

The Articles of Confederation was the first governing document of the US, establishing states as independent entities with limited federal authority, lacking taxation power.

Federalists, led by figures like Hamilton and Adams, advocated for a strong national government and opposed the Bill of Rights, believing the Constitution sufficiently protected rights.
Anti-Federalists, including Jefferson and Patrick Henry, opposed the Constitution fearing excessive federal power; they influenced the eventual adoption of the Bill of Rights.

The Old Northwest, particularly the Ohio River valley, became a prosperous settlement region, driving economic growth in the early 1800s.
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established a land sale system, promoting settlement and development.
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 outlined state creation and admission processes while prohibiting slavery in new territories.

Shay's Rebellion (1786-87) revealed the weaknesses of the Articles, showcasing the federal government's inability to act against insurrections and prompting calls for reform.

The Constitutional Convention convened in 1787 to revise the Articles and instead produced the US Constitution.
The Virginia Plan proposed a strong central government with population-based legislative representation, while the New Jersey Plan advocated for equal representation regardless of state size.
The Great Compromise merged these plans, creating a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in one house and equal representation in the other.

Common Law comprises judicial rulings that shape legal frameworks over time.
The Three-Fifths Compromise determined that enslaved individuals would count as three-fifths of a person for congressional representation.

The Federalist Papers were influential writings arguing for the Constitution, addressing anti-Federalist concerns, authored primarily by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay.

The Philadelphia Convention, led by George Washington, saw representation from all states except Rhode Island and produced the US Constitution after extensive deliberation.

Federalism defines the division of power between national and state governments, balancing authority in governance.

Thomas Jefferson, a Virginian polymath, served as author of the Declaration of Independence and as the third US president.
Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, promoted financial strategies including a national bank and tariff systems to manage national debt.