Society and Industry Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

The Industrial Revolution changed how people and _.

The Industrial Revolution changed how people and .

lived and worked

How did the Industrial Revolution change the cities?

Caused the cities to grow bigger

What is urbanization?

The rapid growth in the size of cities due to people moving from rural areas into the city. Signup and view all the answers

Why did people move from the countryside to the city?

Machines on farms decreased the number of workers needed; New factories in the cities needed workers. Signup and view all the answers

Why did the working class in the cities grow?

Industry growth in the cities created more jobs for workers. Signup and view all the answers

How were the working conditions in the factories?

Terrible Signup and view all the answers

Did adults and children sometimes die from working in the factories?

True Signup and view all the answers

Besides injuries due to poor working conditions, what were the two biggest problems for people working in the factories?

Low pay and long hours Signup and view all the answers

Even though conditions, pay and hours were terrible, was living in the city and working in the factory better or worse than living in the countryside? Why?

Better because they were able to make money Signup and view all the answers

Over time, what happened that increased pay, made factories safer, and reduced pollution?

New laws were written Signup and view all the answers

As conditions improved because of new laws, why were more people able to move from the working class to the middle class?

They were able to afford items that improved their social standing and made their lives better. Signup and view all the answers

The Industrial Revolution changed women's lives forever.

True Signup and view all the answers

Why did family size drop during the Industrial Revolution?

Fewer children were needed to work on the farms Signup and view all the answers

Where were women able to find work?

Industry, government service, education Signup and view all the answers

What is suffrage?

Women demanding the right to vote Signup and view all the answers

When did women gain the right to vote?

1920 Signup and view all the answers

What allowed women to vote?

The 19th Amendment to the Constitution Signup and view all the answers

What is liberalism?

A political philosophy based on the ideas of the enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

What were the ideas of Liberalism? (6)

All people should have basic rights and equality under the law; Freedom of speech; Freedom of the press; Power of government should be limited by written constitutions; Elected assemblies should make laws; Didn't believe that everyone should be able to vote. Signup and view all the answers

What does the French word 'Laissez-faire' mean?

'To let be' Signup and view all the answers

What was the Laissez-faire idea?

Argument against governmental interference in the economy. Wanted businesses to compete freely. Signup and view all the answers

Who put forth the Laissez-faire idea?

Adam Smith Signup and view all the answers

Who was Adam Smith?

British economist Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of Laissez-faire?

More prosperity and a better society Signup and view all the answers

What is utilitarianism?

Society should promote the greatest happiness for the most people Signup and view all the answers

What are three examples of utilitarianism?

Full rights for women, better education, improved health services Signup and view all the answers

What was Marxism?

Socialism - the idea that factories, land capital and raw materials should be owned by society, through government Signup and view all the answers

Who was the founder of Marxism?

Karl Marx Signup and view all the answers

When was Marxism founded?

1800's Signup and view all the answers

What were some of Karl Marx's beliefs that led to the development of Marxism?

Competition among social classes harmed society; The working class would rise up and create a communist society. Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for 'working class'?

Proletariat Signup and view all the answers

What are 3 countries whose socialist parties based their ideas on Marxism?

Britain, Germany, Scandinavia Signup and view all the answers

What is a present-day manifestation of socialism?

Labor Unions Signup and view all the answers

What are labor unions?

Associations of workers that work for better wages and working conditions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Industrial Revolution Overview

Transformed living and working conditions for people, promoting urbanization.
Urbanization: Rapid city growth as people migrated from rural areas due to industrial jobs.

Migration to Cities

Movement from countryside to cities driven by decreased agricultural labor needs and increased factory job opportunities.
Factory jobs led to significant growth in the working class as industries flourished.

Working Conditions

Factory conditions described as terrible, often leading to injuries and fatalities among workers of all ages.
Major issues included long hours and low pay despite the chance to earn money, making urban living more appealing than rural life.

Legislative Changes

Introduction of new laws gradually improved factory conditions, increased wages, and reduced pollution.
As conditions improved, many working-class individuals transitioned to the middle class, enhancing their social standing.

Women's Roles and Suffrage

The Industrial Revolution significantly impacted women's lives, offering new job opportunities in industry, government, and education.
Decline in family size as fewer children were necessary for agricultural labor.
Women's suffrage gained momentum, culminating in the right to vote in 1920 through the 19th Amendment.

Liberalism and Economic Theories

Liberalism emphasized basic rights, equality, limited government power, and elected assemblies for law-making.
Key concepts included freedom of speech and press; however, not all believed in universal voting rights.
Laissez-faire: Economic doctrine advocating minimal government interference, promoted by economist Adam Smith, for a prosperous society.

Utilitarianism

Philosophy aimed at maximizing happiness for the majority, advocating for women's rights, better education, and improved health services.

Marxism

Founded by Karl Marx in the 1800s, Marxism proposed that society should collectively own the means of production.
Key beliefs included the harmful impact of class competition and the eventual rise of the working class (proletariat) to establish a communist society.

Socialism and Labor Unions

Several European countries, including Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia, based their socialist parties on Marxist principles.
Present-day socialism is exemplified by labor unions, which advocate for better wages and working conditions for their members.

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Description

Explore key concepts from the Industrial Revolution with these flashcards. Understand how this pivotal period transformed urban living and the nature of work. Perfect for students looking to grasp the impact of industrial change on society.