APUSH Chapter 7 Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What does republicanism emphasize?

Political power is inherited

Governments should be isolated from public opinion

Private interests should prevail

Citizens subordinating their interests to the common good (correct)

What were the radical whigs concerned about?

The arbitrary power of the monarch and the ministers

What is Mercantilism?

Economic wealth is measured by the amount of gold and silver in a country's treasury.

The navigational laws of 1650 were strictly enforced.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the nullification of laws, specifically the 'royal veto'?

The British crown could nullify any legislation passed by colonial assemblies. Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Grenville?

The Prime Minister who enforced the navigational laws and implemented several acts. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the sugar act of 1764?

To raise tax revenue from the colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What did the quartering act of 1765 require?

Colonists to provide food and quarters for British troops. Signup and view all the answers

Why were colonists opposed to the Stamp Act of 1765?

It raised revenues through a tax on paper and restricted local liberties. Signup and view all the answers

Taxation without __________ is a slogan representing the colonists' frustrations.

representation Signup and view all the answers

What did virtual representation mean according to Grenville?

Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects, including those in America. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?

To draw up a statement of rights and petition the king and Parliament. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of nonimportation agreements?

To boycott British goods. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A group that enforced nonimportation agreements and protested British rule. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Daughters of Liberty encourage?

Colonists to make homemade items. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Declaratory Act state?

Parliament had the right to bind the colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Townshend Acts?

Laws that imposed light import duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Massacre?

An incident on March 5, 1770, where British troops fired on a rebelling crowd. Signup and view all the answers

Who was King George III?

The King of Britain who tried to assert control over the colonies. Signup and view all the answers

What did Lord North do?

He persuaded Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Adams?

A rebellious leader who organized the committees of correspondence. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the committees of correspondence formed in 1772?

To spread resistance against British policies. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A protest where rebels dumped tea into Boston Harbor. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Intolerable Acts?

Laws that chartered the rights of colonists, restricted town meetings, and allowed trials for officials accused of killing colonists. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Boston Port Act do?

Closed the harbor until damages were paid. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Quebec Act of 1774?

It guaranteed French Catholics their religion and expanded their boundaries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the First Continental Congress in 1774?

A meeting to consider redressing colonial grievances. Signup and view all the answers

What was 'the association' mentioned in the context of the colonial boycott?

A complete boycott of British goods aiming to repeal legislation. Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Adams?

A key figure who helped defeat a proposal for American home rule. Signup and view all the answers

What happened at Lexington and Concord?

British troops were sent to seize gunpowder stores, leading to conflict. Signup and view all the answers

What role did John Hancock play?

He was a prominent leader in the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marquis de Lafayette?

A French general who played a crucial role in the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was Valley Forge known for?

A site where American soldiers endured harsh conditions during the winter. Signup and view all the answers

What role did African Americans have in the Revolutionary War?

They fought on both sides, mainly seeking freedom. Signup and view all the answers

What proclamation did Lord Dunmore issue?

He declared that those who aided the British army would be freed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Republicanism

All citizens should prioritize the common good over personal interests.
Encouraged vigilance among colonists regarding threats to their rights.

Radical Whigs

Raised awareness of the dangers posed by the monarchy and corrupt officials.
Emphasized the importance of liberty and corruption avoidance.

Mercantilism

Wealth is seen as power, measured by the gold and silver assets of a country.
Promoted the idea of exporting more than importing.
Led to regulations like the Navigational Laws of 1650 to control trade and economic dependence, resulting in discontent among colonists.

Navigational Laws of 1650

Aimed to exclude Dutch competition in American trade.
Mandated that colonial trade be conducted solely with Britain.
Resulted in increased smuggling and a currency shortage, as colonists could not use paper money.

Royal Veto

The British Crown the right to nullify colonial legislation.
Exercised 469 times out of 8,563, reflecting its impact on colonial autonomy.

George Grenville

Prime Minister in 1763, enforced Navigational Laws.
Implemented policies like the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, which angered colonists and threatened their liberties.

Sugar Act of 1764

First law designed to raise tax revenue in the colonies.
Specifically increased duties on foreign sugar imports from the West Indies.

Quartering Act of 1765

Required colonists to provide housing and provisions for British troops stationed in America.

Stamp Act of 1765

An attempt to raise funds for military operations by mandating paper stamps to verify tax payments.
Provoked widespread resistance and led to the establishment of admiralty courts for enforcement.

Taxation Without Representation

A slogan reflecting the irony of colonists being taxed without having direct representatives in Parliament.

Virtual Representation

Grenville's belief that all British subjects, including colonists, were represented by Parliament members, regardless of direct election.

Stamp Act Congress of 1765

Convened in New York City, with 27 delegates from nine colonies.
Formulated a petition for repeal of the Stamp Act, asserting colonial rights.

Nonimportation Agreements

Collective boycotts against British goods, fostering unity among colonists.
Women contributed by making homemade items to replace British products.

Sons of Liberty

A group that organized resistance against British policies, enforcing nonimportation agreements through intimidation.

Daughters of Liberty

Encouraged the production and consumption of homemade goods to support boycotts against British imports.

Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766)

Resulted from economic pressure due to nonimportation agreements.
Following repeal, colonists expressed dissatisfaction with British governmental authority.

Declaratory Act

Asserted Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies despite colonial opposition to their rule.

Charles Townshend

Influenced the passage of the Townshend Acts, bringing additional taxation to the colonies.

Townshend Acts of 1767

Imposed light import duties on essential goods like glass, tea, and paper.
Funds raised were used to pay colonial governors, reviving nonimportation agreements.

Boston Massacre

Occurred on March 5, 1770, as tensions escalated between troops and local colonists, resulting in violence and deaths.

King George III

Young monarch striving for control; regarded warily due to ineffective governance.

Lord North

Prime Minister who sought to repeal the Townshend Acts in response to colonial uproar.

Samuel Adams

Prominent activist who organized resistance and established committees of correspondence in Massachusetts.

Committees of Correspondence (1772)

Formed to facilitate communication among colonies and coordinate resistance against British policies.

British East India Company

Faced financial distress, prompting the British government to allow it to sell tea directly to Americans, provoking resistance.

Governor Thomas Hutchinson

Massachusetts governor whose home was destroyed by Stamp Act protesters and who enforced the removal of tea from British ships.

Boston Tea Party

Occurred when rebels disguised as Native Americans dumped tea into Boston Harbor as a protest against British taxation.

Intolerable Acts

Series of punitive laws that restricted colonial rights and governance, increasing tensions between Britain and the colonies.

Boston Port Act

Legislation that closed Boston Harbor until damages from the tea party were repaid, severely impacting local commerce.

Quebec Act of 1774

Extended rights for French Catholics in Canada and expanded territorial boundaries, eliciting backlash from anti-Catholic colonists.

First Continental Congress (1774)

Convened in Philadelphia to address colonial grievances and assert rights, excluding Georgia's participation.

The Association

Comprehensive boycott of British goods, advocating nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption.

John Adams

Actively opposed moderate proposals for American home rule under British governance, valuing independence.

Lexington and Concord

In April 1775, British troops aimed to seize colonial arms but encountered armed resistance, marking the beginning of armed conflict.

John Hancock

Notable colonial leader and figurehead of the revolution, his prominence symbolized American resistance.

Marquis de Lafayette

A French aristocrat who joined American forces during the Revolutionary War, leveraging his status for support.

Valley Forge

Site where American soldiers endured harsh winter conditions with inadequate provisions, testing their resolve.

African Americans

Participated in the Revolutionary War on both sides, often motivated by the desire for freedom.

Lord Dunmore

Virginia's governor who promised freedom to slaves who joined the British army, igniting concern among slaveholders.

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Prepare for your APUSH exam with this Chapter 7 study guide. Explore key terms such as republicanism and radical whigs, crucial concepts that shaped early American political thought. These flashcards offer a concise review of important ideas and their implications for the colonists.