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What does republicanism emphasize?
What does republicanism emphasize?
What were the radical whigs concerned about?
What were the radical whigs concerned about?
The arbitrary power of the monarch and the ministers
What is Mercantilism?
What is Mercantilism?
Economic wealth is measured by the amount of gold and silver in a country's treasury.
The navigational laws of 1650 were strictly enforced.
The navigational laws of 1650 were strictly enforced.
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What is the significance of the nullification of laws, specifically the 'royal veto'?
What is the significance of the nullification of laws, specifically the 'royal veto'?
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Who was George Grenville?
Who was George Grenville?
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What was the purpose of the sugar act of 1764?
What was the purpose of the sugar act of 1764?
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What did the quartering act of 1765 require?
What did the quartering act of 1765 require?
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Why were colonists opposed to the Stamp Act of 1765?
Why were colonists opposed to the Stamp Act of 1765?
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Taxation without __________ is a slogan representing the colonists' frustrations.
Taxation without __________ is a slogan representing the colonists' frustrations.
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What did virtual representation mean according to Grenville?
What did virtual representation mean according to Grenville?
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What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress of 1765?
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What was the main goal of nonimportation agreements?
What was the main goal of nonimportation agreements?
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Who were the Sons of Liberty?
Who were the Sons of Liberty?
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What did the Daughters of Liberty encourage?
What did the Daughters of Liberty encourage?
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What did the Declaratory Act state?
What did the Declaratory Act state?
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What were the Townshend Acts?
What were the Townshend Acts?
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What was the Boston Massacre?
What was the Boston Massacre?
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Who was King George III?
Who was King George III?
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What did Lord North do?
What did Lord North do?
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Who was Samuel Adams?
Who was Samuel Adams?
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What was the purpose of the committees of correspondence formed in 1772?
What was the purpose of the committees of correspondence formed in 1772?
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What was the Boston Tea Party?
What was the Boston Tea Party?
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What were the Intolerable Acts?
What were the Intolerable Acts?
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What did the Boston Port Act do?
What did the Boston Port Act do?
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What was the significance of the Quebec Act of 1774?
What was the significance of the Quebec Act of 1774?
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What was the First Continental Congress in 1774?
What was the First Continental Congress in 1774?
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What was 'the association' mentioned in the context of the colonial boycott?
What was 'the association' mentioned in the context of the colonial boycott?
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Who was John Adams?
Who was John Adams?
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What happened at Lexington and Concord?
What happened at Lexington and Concord?
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What role did John Hancock play?
What role did John Hancock play?
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Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
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What was Valley Forge known for?
What was Valley Forge known for?
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What role did African Americans have in the Revolutionary War?
What role did African Americans have in the Revolutionary War?
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What proclamation did Lord Dunmore issue?
What proclamation did Lord Dunmore issue?
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Study Notes
Republicanism
- All citizens should prioritize the common good over personal interests.
- Encouraged vigilance among colonists regarding threats to their rights.
Radical Whigs
- Raised awareness of the dangers posed by the monarchy and corrupt officials.
- Emphasized the importance of liberty and corruption avoidance.
Mercantilism
- Wealth is seen as power, measured by the gold and silver assets of a country.
- Promoted the idea of exporting more than importing.
- Led to regulations like the Navigational Laws of 1650 to control trade and economic dependence, resulting in discontent among colonists.
Navigational Laws of 1650
- Aimed to exclude Dutch competition in American trade.
- Mandated that colonial trade be conducted solely with Britain.
- Resulted in increased smuggling and a currency shortage, as colonists could not use paper money.
Royal Veto
- The British Crown the right to nullify colonial legislation.
- Exercised 469 times out of 8,563, reflecting its impact on colonial autonomy.
George Grenville
- Prime Minister in 1763, enforced Navigational Laws.
- Implemented policies like the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, which angered colonists and threatened their liberties.
Sugar Act of 1764
- First law designed to raise tax revenue in the colonies.
- Specifically increased duties on foreign sugar imports from the West Indies.
Quartering Act of 1765
- Required colonists to provide housing and provisions for British troops stationed in America.
Stamp Act of 1765
- An attempt to raise funds for military operations by mandating paper stamps to verify tax payments.
- Provoked widespread resistance and led to the establishment of admiralty courts for enforcement.
Taxation Without Representation
- A slogan reflecting the irony of colonists being taxed without having direct representatives in Parliament.
Virtual Representation
- Grenville's belief that all British subjects, including colonists, were represented by Parliament members, regardless of direct election.
Stamp Act Congress of 1765
- Convened in New York City, with 27 delegates from nine colonies.
- Formulated a petition for repeal of the Stamp Act, asserting colonial rights.
Nonimportation Agreements
- Collective boycotts against British goods, fostering unity among colonists.
- Women contributed by making homemade items to replace British products.
Sons of Liberty
- A group that organized resistance against British policies, enforcing nonimportation agreements through intimidation.
Daughters of Liberty
- Encouraged the production and consumption of homemade goods to support boycotts against British imports.
Repeal of the Stamp Act (1766)
- Resulted from economic pressure due to nonimportation agreements.
- Following repeal, colonists expressed dissatisfaction with British governmental authority.
Declaratory Act
- Asserted Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies despite colonial opposition to their rule.
Charles Townshend
- Influenced the passage of the Townshend Acts, bringing additional taxation to the colonies.
Townshend Acts of 1767
- Imposed light import duties on essential goods like glass, tea, and paper.
- Funds raised were used to pay colonial governors, reviving nonimportation agreements.
Boston Massacre
- Occurred on March 5, 1770, as tensions escalated between troops and local colonists, resulting in violence and deaths.
King George III
- Young monarch striving for control; regarded warily due to ineffective governance.
Lord North
- Prime Minister who sought to repeal the Townshend Acts in response to colonial uproar.
Samuel Adams
- Prominent activist who organized resistance and established committees of correspondence in Massachusetts.
Committees of Correspondence (1772)
- Formed to facilitate communication among colonies and coordinate resistance against British policies.
British East India Company
- Faced financial distress, prompting the British government to allow it to sell tea directly to Americans, provoking resistance.
Governor Thomas Hutchinson
- Massachusetts governor whose home was destroyed by Stamp Act protesters and who enforced the removal of tea from British ships.
Boston Tea Party
- Occurred when rebels disguised as Native Americans dumped tea into Boston Harbor as a protest against British taxation.
Intolerable Acts
- Series of punitive laws that restricted colonial rights and governance, increasing tensions between Britain and the colonies.
Boston Port Act
- Legislation that closed Boston Harbor until damages from the tea party were repaid, severely impacting local commerce.
Quebec Act of 1774
- Extended rights for French Catholics in Canada and expanded territorial boundaries, eliciting backlash from anti-Catholic colonists.
First Continental Congress (1774)
- Convened in Philadelphia to address colonial grievances and assert rights, excluding Georgia's participation.
The Association
- Comprehensive boycott of British goods, advocating nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption.
John Adams
- Actively opposed moderate proposals for American home rule under British governance, valuing independence.
Lexington and Concord
- In April 1775, British troops aimed to seize colonial arms but encountered armed resistance, marking the beginning of armed conflict.
John Hancock
- Notable colonial leader and figurehead of the revolution, his prominence symbolized American resistance.
Marquis de Lafayette
- A French aristocrat who joined American forces during the Revolutionary War, leveraging his status for support.
Valley Forge
- Site where American soldiers endured harsh winter conditions with inadequate provisions, testing their resolve.
African Americans
- Participated in the Revolutionary War on both sides, often motivated by the desire for freedom.
Lord Dunmore
- Virginia's governor who promised freedom to slaves who joined the British army, igniting concern among slaveholders.
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Description
Prepare for your APUSH exam with this Chapter 7 study guide. Explore key terms such as republicanism and radical whigs, crucial concepts that shaped early American political thought. These flashcards offer a concise review of important ideas and their implications for the colonists.