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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of indentured servants?
What is the definition of indentured servants?
- Free individuals who worked as laborers without contracts.
- Migrants who bound themselves to a colonial employer for service. (correct)
- People who were born into slavery and could not escape.
- Natives who worked in exchange for land.
What system encouraged the importation of indentured servants?
What system encouraged the importation of indentured servants?
Headright system
Who led Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?
Who led Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?
Nathaniel Bacon
The Royal African Company had a monopoly on the colonial slave trade until 1698.
The Royal African Company had a monopoly on the colonial slave trade until 1698.
What was the Middle Passage?
What was the Middle Passage?
What did slave codes define?
What did slave codes define?
What was the outcome of the New York slave revolt in 1712?
What was the outcome of the New York slave revolt in 1712?
What significant event took place in South Carolina in 1739?
What significant event took place in South Carolina in 1739?
What type of churches did the Congregational Church represent?
What type of churches did the Congregational Church represent?
What is a Jeremiad?
What is a Jeremiad?
What did the Half-Way Covenant allow?
What did the Half-Way Covenant allow?
The Salem witch trials led to the execution of twenty individuals.
The Salem witch trials led to the execution of twenty individuals.
When did Leisler's Rebellion occur?
When did Leisler's Rebellion occur?
Who was William Berkeley?
Who was William Berkeley?
Who was Nathaniel Bacon?
Who was Nathaniel Bacon?
What did Anthony Johnson do?
What did Anthony Johnson do?
The First Africans arrived in Virginia in _____.
The First Africans arrived in Virginia in _____.
The population of English colonies in America was about _____ in 1625.
The population of English colonies in America was about _____ in 1625.
Harvard College was founded in ____.
Harvard College was founded in ____.
The Half-Way Covenant for Congregational Church membership was established in ____.
The Half-Way Covenant for Congregational Church membership was established in ____.
The Virginia assembly disfranchised landless freemen in ____.
The Virginia assembly disfranchised landless freemen in ____.
Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia occurred in ____.
Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia occurred in ____.
Mass expansion of slavery in the colonies began in the ____.
Mass expansion of slavery in the colonies began in the ____.
Leisler's Rebellion in New York took place from ____ to ____.
Leisler's Rebellion in New York took place from ____ to ____.
The Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts occurred in ____.
The Salem Witch Trials in Massachusetts occurred in ____.
The College of William and Mary was founded in ____.
The College of William and Mary was founded in ____.
The Royal African Company's slave trade monopoly ended in ____.
The Royal African Company's slave trade monopoly ended in ____.
The population of English colonies in America was about _____ in 1700.
The population of English colonies in America was about _____ in 1700.
The New York City slave revolt occurred in ____.
The New York City slave revolt occurred in ____.
The South Carolina slave revolt happened in ____.
The South Carolina slave revolt happened in ____.
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Study Notes
Indentured Servants
- Migrants who exchanged transatlantic passage for a term of service, typically four to seven years.
- Addressed labor shortages in the colonies and facilitated settlement.
Headright System
- Implemented in tobacco colonies to incentivize indentured servant importation.
- Individuals received fifty acres of land if they paid a laborer's passage.
Bacon's Rebellion (1676)
- Uprising led by Nathaniel Bacon among Virginia back-country farmers and indentured servants.
- Triggered by Governor William Berkeley's lack of protection against Indian attacks; highlighted conflict between impoverished settlers and the planter elite.
Royal African Company
- An English joint-stock company with a state-sanctioned monopoly on colonial slave trade from 1672 to 1698.
- Slave supply to North American colonies surged post-monopoly.
Middle Passage
- Harrowing transatlantic journey endured by slaves from Africa to the colonies.
- Associated with high mortality rates among captured individuals.
Slave Codes
- Legislation defining racial slavery initiated in 1662.
- Established hereditary slavery and restricted rights and education for slaves.
New York Slave Revolt (1712)
- A violent uprising involving around two dozen enslaved individuals.
- Resulted in nine white deaths and the execution of twenty-one participating enslaved persons.
South Carolina Slave Revolt (Stono River) (1739)
- Known as the Stono Rebellion, involved over fifty blacks seeking refuge in Spanish Florida.
- The rebellion was quelled by the South Carolina militia.
Congregational Church
- Self-governing Puritan congregations without a hierarchical structure like the Anglican Church.
- Emphasized local decision-making and community involvement.
Jeremiad
- Passionate sermons expressing concern over decreasing religious fervor among parishioners, originating in 17th-century New England.
- Named after the biblical prophet Jeremiah.
Half-Way Covenant (1662)
- Allowed unconverted children of church members to baptize their offspring.
- Signaled a decline in religious commitment among subsequent generations of Puritans.
Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)
- Series of trials in Salem, Massachusetts, initiated by claims of witchcraft from local adolescent girls.
- Resulted in twenty deaths before intervention by the Governor of Massachusetts.
Leisler's Rebellion (1689-1691)
- Armed conflict in New York between aspiring merchants led by Jacob Leisler and the ruling elite.
- Part of a broader wave of revolts against the attempted European social structure in the colonies.
William Berkeley
- Governor of Virginia, favored by King Charles I, known for his long terms (1641-1652, 1660-1677).
- His policies towards Native Americans sparked Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
Nathaniel Bacon
- Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 with back-country Virginians against established elites.
- Responded to grievances over Indian policies and land acquisition.
Anthony Johnson
- A black landowner who purchased his freedom and land in Virginia.
- Ultimately sold his land due to oppressive laws and fears of losing rights.
Key Events and Dates
- First Africans arrive in Virginia: 1619
- Population of English colonies: 2,000 (1625), 250,000 (1700)
- Harvard College founded: 1636
- Half-Way Covenant established: 1662
- Virginia assembly disenfranchises landless freemen: 1670
- Bacon's Rebellion: 1676
- Mass expansion of slavery: 1680s
- Leisler's Rebellion: 1689-1691
- Salem Witch Trials: 1692
- College of William and Mary founded: 1693
- Royal African Company monopoly ended: 1698
- New York City slave revolt: 1712
- South Carolina slave revolt: 1739
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