APUSH Chapter 31 - The Roaring Twenties
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APUSH Chapter 31 - The Roaring Twenties

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Questions and Answers

What was the 'Red Scare'?

A fear of Russia that ran high in the US even after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, leading to a nationwide crusade against those whose Americanism was suspect.

Who was Mitchell Palmer?

He was head of the witch hunt related to the Red Scare and jailed anyone who spoke of communism or anarchy.

What were criminal syndicalism laws?

Laws passed during the Red Scare that outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change.

What was the Sacco Vanzetti case?

<p>A case where two Italian immigrants were charged with murder and robbery, convicted on circumstantial evidence, and later executed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups did the Ku Klux Klan target? (Select all that apply)

<p>African Americans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?

<p>Limited immigration to 3% of the people of their nationality living in the US in 1910.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Immigration Act of 1924?

<p>It replaced the Emergency Quota Act, cutting immigration numbers to 2% based on the census of 1890, and outright banned Japanese immigration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are speakeasies?

<p>Secret bars where alcohol could be purchased illegally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Al Capone?

<p>A United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Lindbergh Law of 1932 stipulate?

<p>Made interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gangsterism refer to?

<p>Prostitution, gambling, narcotics, and kidnapping for ransom in urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John Dewey?

<p>A philosopher who advocated for 'learning by doing' and progressive education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were fundamentalists concerned about?

<p>They believed that the teaching of Darwinism was destroying faith in God and contributing to moral breakdown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was John T. Scopes?

<p>A science teacher who challenged a Tennessee law banning the teaching of evolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Monkey Trial?

<p>The trial of John T. Scopes in Tennessee which debated whether creationism or evolution should be taught in schools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did Andrew Mellon play in the government?

<p>He was the Secretary of Treasury under Presidents Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover, known for his tax reductions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Bruce Barton?

<p>A leader in the advertising industry and author of 'The Man Nobody Knows'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about buying on credit in the 1920s?

<p>It led to an accumulation of debt and made the economy vulnerable to disruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Henry Ford?

<p>A United States manufacturer of automobiles known for pioneering mass production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Model T?

<p>The first widely available automobile powered by a gasoline engine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the automotive industry impact women?

<p>It freed women from their dependence on men and helped break down isolation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened on December 17, 1903?

<p>Orville and Wilbur Wright made their first flight, lasting 12 seconds and covering 120 feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Charles A. Lindbergh?

<p>The first man to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Guglielmo Marconi invent?

<p>Wireless telegraphy, also known as radio.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the radio on society?

<p>It reached audiences and contributed to educational and cultural developments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Thomas A. Edison?

<p>A prolific inventor known for creating the phonograph, light bulb, and motion pictures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did motion pictures impact WWI?

<p>It was used as anti-German propaganda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did most Americans live in the 1920s?

<p>The majority had shifted from rural areas to urban areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Margaret Sanger?

<p>A United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Alice Paul?

<p>Head of the National Woman's Party that campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Women's Party in 1923?

<p>Led by Alice Paul to campaign for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are flappers?

<p>Young women who embraced new trends in fashion and social behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Dr. Sigmund Freud?

<p>A psychologist who argued that sexual repression caused various nervous and emotional issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marcus Garvey?

<p>Head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who promoted black economic cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?

<p>A black nationalist organization founded by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement and a separate black economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was H.L. Mencken?

<p>A writer and journalist known for his criticism of marriage, patriotism, democracy, and prohibition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?

<p>An author known for his works 'This Side of Paradise' and 'The Great Gatsby'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ernest Hemingway?

<p>An author who wrote about disillusioned American expatriates in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sinclair Lewis?

<p>An author known for 'Main Street' and 'Babbitt'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Sherwood Anderson?

<p>An author known for 'Winesburg, Ohio'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Bureau of the Budget?

<p>Created in 1921, its task was to prepare the annual budget and improve government efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were Mellon's accomplishments as Treasury Secretary?

<p>He instituted tax reductions to aid wealthy investments and significantly reduced the national debt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Red Scare and Its Impact

  • "Red Scare" (1919-1920) stemmed from fears related to the Bolshevik Revolution; resulted in a nationwide campaign against suspected radicals.
  • Mitchell Palmer led intense anti-communist efforts, jailing individuals accused of promoting anarchism or communism, with poor treatment in prisons.
  • Criminal syndicalism laws enacted in several states during the Red Scare prohibited advocacy for violence in social change, targeting groups like the IWW.
  • Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian immigrants charged with murder, faced a controversial trial (1920-1927) resulting in execution, criticized for political bias against their radical views.
  • Ku Klux Klan re-emerged with strong anti-immigrant, anti-religious, and anti-everything sentiments, promoting Anglo-Saxon and Protestant supremacy.

Immigration Legislation

  • Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration to 3% of each nationality based on 1910 census figures.
  • Immigration Act of 1924 reduced that to 2% based on the 1890 census, heavily favoring Northern Europeans, and outright banned Japanese immigration.

Prohibition and Organized Crime

  • Speakeasies became popular for illegal alcohol consumption during Prohibition, leading to police corruption due to lucrative profits.
  • Al Capone, known as "Scarface," was a notorious gangster in Chicago during the Prohibition era, ultimately imprisoned for tax evasion.

Advances in Education and Social Issues

  • John Dewey advanced progressive education, emphasizing practical experience alongside traditional learning.
  • Fundamentalists reacted against Darwinism, claiming it undermined religious faith and morality among youth.

Landmark Trials and Cultural Shifts

  • John T. Scopes challenged Tennessee's ban on teaching evolution, resulting in the famous "Monkey Trial" where he was found guilty in 1925.
  • The era experienced significant cultural changes, including an explosion of female liberation symbolized by flappers embracing new freedoms.

Economic Developments

  • Credit usage increased in the 1920s, leading to a precarious economic situation susceptible to debt.
  • Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry with the Model T, greatly impacting jobs, lifestyle, and the economy.

Technological Innovations

  • December 17, 1903: Wright brothers achieved first powered flight lasting 12 seconds.
  • Charles Lindbergh symbolized the aviation industry’s growth with his solo transatlantic flight in 1927.

Media and Communication

  • Guglielmo Marconi's invention of radio transformed communication, creating a cultural shift as educational broadcasts emerged.
  • Motion pictures gained popularity, influencing public opinion, especially as an anti-German propaganda tool during WWI.

Literary Responses and Critique

  • Prominent authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway depicted societal disillusionment and shifting cultural values of the 1920s through their works.

Women's Rights and Advocacy

  • Margaret Sanger was a pivotal advocate for birth control and women's reproductive rights.
  • Alice Paul led the National Women's Party in campaigning for an Equal Rights Amendment, challenging existing legislation perceived as discriminatory.

Economic Policy and Fiscal Management

  • Andrew Mellon, as Treasury Secretary, implemented tax reductions favoring the wealthy, significantly shifting the tax burden and reducing national debt.

Summary of Cultural Movements

  • Cultural shifts included the rise of jazz music, new artistic movements, and broader acceptance of sexual liberation, largely influenced by figures like Sigmund Freud.

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Dive into Chapter 31 of AP US History, exploring American life during the Roaring Twenties. This chapter highlights significant events and figures such as the Red Scare and Mitchell Palmer, illuminating the social changes and fears of the era. Engage with flashcards to reinforce your understanding of this pivotal time in American history.

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