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Questions and Answers
What was the 'Red Scare'?
What was the 'Red Scare'?
A fear of Russia that ran high in the US even after the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, leading to a nationwide crusade against those whose Americanism was suspect.
Who was Mitchell Palmer?
Who was Mitchell Palmer?
He was head of the witch hunt related to the Red Scare and jailed anyone who spoke of communism or anarchy.
What were criminal syndicalism laws?
What were criminal syndicalism laws?
Laws passed during the Red Scare that outlawed the mere advocacy of violence to secure social change.
What was the Sacco Vanzetti case?
What was the Sacco Vanzetti case?
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Which of the following groups did the Ku Klux Klan target? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following groups did the Ku Klux Klan target? (Select all that apply)
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What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?
What did the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 do?
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What was the significance of the Immigration Act of 1924?
What was the significance of the Immigration Act of 1924?
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What are speakeasies?
What are speakeasies?
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Who was Al Capone?
Who was Al Capone?
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What did the Lindbergh Law of 1932 stipulate?
What did the Lindbergh Law of 1932 stipulate?
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What does gangsterism refer to?
What does gangsterism refer to?
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Who was John Dewey?
Who was John Dewey?
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What were fundamentalists concerned about?
What were fundamentalists concerned about?
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Who was John T. Scopes?
Who was John T. Scopes?
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What was the Monkey Trial?
What was the Monkey Trial?
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What role did Andrew Mellon play in the government?
What role did Andrew Mellon play in the government?
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Who was Bruce Barton?
Who was Bruce Barton?
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What was significant about buying on credit in the 1920s?
What was significant about buying on credit in the 1920s?
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Who was Henry Ford?
Who was Henry Ford?
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What was the Model T?
What was the Model T?
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How did the automotive industry impact women?
How did the automotive industry impact women?
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What happened on December 17, 1903?
What happened on December 17, 1903?
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Who was Charles A. Lindbergh?
Who was Charles A. Lindbergh?
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What did Guglielmo Marconi invent?
What did Guglielmo Marconi invent?
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What was the impact of the radio on society?
What was the impact of the radio on society?
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Who was Thomas A. Edison?
Who was Thomas A. Edison?
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How did motion pictures impact WWI?
How did motion pictures impact WWI?
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Where did most Americans live in the 1920s?
Where did most Americans live in the 1920s?
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Who was Margaret Sanger?
Who was Margaret Sanger?
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Who was Alice Paul?
Who was Alice Paul?
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What was the National Women's Party in 1923?
What was the National Women's Party in 1923?
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What are flappers?
What are flappers?
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Who was Dr. Sigmund Freud?
Who was Dr. Sigmund Freud?
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Who was Marcus Garvey?
Who was Marcus Garvey?
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What was the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?
What was the United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?
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Who was H.L. Mencken?
Who was H.L. Mencken?
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Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?
Who was F. Scott Fitzgerald?
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Who was Ernest Hemingway?
Who was Ernest Hemingway?
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Who was Sinclair Lewis?
Who was Sinclair Lewis?
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Who was Sherwood Anderson?
Who was Sherwood Anderson?
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What was the Bureau of the Budget?
What was the Bureau of the Budget?
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What were Mellon's accomplishments as Treasury Secretary?
What were Mellon's accomplishments as Treasury Secretary?
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Study Notes
Red Scare and Its Impact
- "Red Scare" (1919-1920) stemmed from fears related to the Bolshevik Revolution; resulted in a nationwide campaign against suspected radicals.
- Mitchell Palmer led intense anti-communist efforts, jailing individuals accused of promoting anarchism or communism, with poor treatment in prisons.
- Criminal syndicalism laws enacted in several states during the Red Scare prohibited advocacy for violence in social change, targeting groups like the IWW.
Notable Legal Cases and Social Movements
- Sacco and Vanzetti, Italian immigrants charged with murder, faced a controversial trial (1920-1927) resulting in execution, criticized for political bias against their radical views.
- Ku Klux Klan re-emerged with strong anti-immigrant, anti-religious, and anti-everything sentiments, promoting Anglo-Saxon and Protestant supremacy.
Immigration Legislation
- Emergency Quota Act of 1921 limited immigration to 3% of each nationality based on 1910 census figures.
- Immigration Act of 1924 reduced that to 2% based on the 1890 census, heavily favoring Northern Europeans, and outright banned Japanese immigration.
Prohibition and Organized Crime
- Speakeasies became popular for illegal alcohol consumption during Prohibition, leading to police corruption due to lucrative profits.
- Al Capone, known as "Scarface," was a notorious gangster in Chicago during the Prohibition era, ultimately imprisoned for tax evasion.
Advances in Education and Social Issues
- John Dewey advanced progressive education, emphasizing practical experience alongside traditional learning.
- Fundamentalists reacted against Darwinism, claiming it undermined religious faith and morality among youth.
Landmark Trials and Cultural Shifts
- John T. Scopes challenged Tennessee's ban on teaching evolution, resulting in the famous "Monkey Trial" where he was found guilty in 1925.
- The era experienced significant cultural changes, including an explosion of female liberation symbolized by flappers embracing new freedoms.
Economic Developments
- Credit usage increased in the 1920s, leading to a precarious economic situation susceptible to debt.
- Henry Ford revolutionized the automobile industry with the Model T, greatly impacting jobs, lifestyle, and the economy.
Technological Innovations
- December 17, 1903: Wright brothers achieved first powered flight lasting 12 seconds.
- Charles Lindbergh symbolized the aviation industry’s growth with his solo transatlantic flight in 1927.
Media and Communication
- Guglielmo Marconi's invention of radio transformed communication, creating a cultural shift as educational broadcasts emerged.
- Motion pictures gained popularity, influencing public opinion, especially as an anti-German propaganda tool during WWI.
Literary Responses and Critique
- Prominent authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway depicted societal disillusionment and shifting cultural values of the 1920s through their works.
Women's Rights and Advocacy
- Margaret Sanger was a pivotal advocate for birth control and women's reproductive rights.
- Alice Paul led the National Women's Party in campaigning for an Equal Rights Amendment, challenging existing legislation perceived as discriminatory.
Economic Policy and Fiscal Management
- Andrew Mellon, as Treasury Secretary, implemented tax reductions favoring the wealthy, significantly shifting the tax burden and reducing national debt.
Summary of Cultural Movements
- Cultural shifts included the rise of jazz music, new artistic movements, and broader acceptance of sexual liberation, largely influenced by figures like Sigmund Freud.
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Description
Dive into Chapter 31 of AP US History, exploring American life during the Roaring Twenties. This chapter highlights significant events and figures such as the Red Scare and Mitchell Palmer, illuminating the social changes and fears of the era. Engage with flashcards to reinforce your understanding of this pivotal time in American history.