Questions and Answers
What were dumbbell tenements designed for?
What did new immigrants seek in the United States?
Better opportunities and to escape worse living conditions
What was the purpose of Ellis Island?
An immigration center for new arrivals to the U.S.
What was significant about Angel Island?
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Who was Jane Addams?
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What did the Chinese Exclusion Act do?
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What was the Gentlemen's Agreement?
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Who was Mary Baker Eddy?
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What did Booker T. Washington advocate for African Americans?
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What was W.E.B. Du Bois's stance on segregation?
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Who was William James?
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What was Horatio Alger known for?
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What style of literature did Mark Twain create?
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Who was Jack London?
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What did Anthony Comstock advocate?
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Who was Carrie Chapman Catt?
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What did Frances Willard promote?
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Why is Louis Sullivan significant?
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What did P.T. Barnum create?
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Study Notes
Housing and Immigration
- Dumbbell tenements emerged in the early 1900s, designed to accommodate multiple families with shared restrooms; they posed fire hazards and facilitated waste and disease.
- New immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe sought opportunities to escape poor living conditions, contrasting with earlier immigrants from Northern and Western Europe who often settled permanently.
- Ellis Island opened in 1892 as a primary immigration center, where newcomers underwent strict medical and document inspections before entering the U.S.
- Angel Island served as the West Coast immigration station, primarily for Asian immigrants, especially Chinese; conditions were harsher than those at Ellis Island.
Social Reformers and Key Figures
- Jane Addams was a prominent social worker and reformer, founder of Hull House, which offered services such as English lessons and childcare; she was the first American woman honored with a Nobel Peace Prize.
- The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited Chinese immigration for 40 years, as they were viewed as a socioeconomic threat, resulting in a decline of the Chinese population in America.
- The Gentlemen's Agreement involved Japan limiting workers migrating to the U.S. in exchange for allowing Japanese men’s wives to join them.
Cultural and Intellectual Developments
- Mary Baker Eddy established the Church of Christ (Christian Science) in 1879, promoting faith healing through her book "Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures."
- Booker T. Washington advocated for the acceptance of segregation and believed in acquiring vocational skills as a pathway to social improvement; he led the Tuskegee Institute.
- W.E.B. Du Bois challenged the notion of accommodation to segregation, emphasizing the importance of fighting for civil rights and criticizing limited industrial training for African Americans.
Literature and Philosophy
- William James was a key figure in functionalism, emphasizing human perception and its role in adapting to environments; he authored "The Principles of Psychology."
- Oliver Wendell Holmes gained recognition as both a physician and poet, becoming one of the notable American literary figures of the 19th century.
- Horatio Alger wrote rags-to-riches stories that promoted social Darwinism and the American Dream, stressing success through individual effort.
- Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, revolutionized American literature with a style that blended social realism with humor, dissecting the Gilded Age's societal issues.
- Jack London chronicled the Klondike gold rush and humanity's struggle against nature in his adventurous novels.
Social Movements and Advocacy
- Anthony Comstock, a proponent of Victorian morality, founded the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice and helped enact the Comstock Law, banning obscene material and birth control information.
- Carrie Chapman Catt was pivotal in the women's suffrage movement as the president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, helping achieve the 19th Amendment in 1920.
- Frances Willard led the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), promoting anti-alcohol legislation and seeking to ban saloons to strengthen democracy.
Architectural Innovations
- Louis Sullivan is recognized as the father of the skyscraper, promoting the concept of "form follows function" in his designs, facilitating urban living under one roof.
Entertainment
- P.T. Barnum, in partnership with James Bailey, created "The Greatest Show on Earth," a famous circus renowned for its exotic attractions and entertainment.
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Description
Explore key terms and concepts from APUSH Chapter 25. Learn about important historical developments such as dumbbell tenements and the influx of new immigrants during the early 1900s. These flashcards will help reinforce your understanding of this pivotal chapter in U.S. history.
