APUSH - American Pageant Chapter 10

Questions and Answers

Who was a Federalist who served as Vice President under Washington in 1789 and later became President?

Thomas Jefferson

Alexander Hamilton

Henry Knox

John Adams (correct)

What position did Thomas Jefferson hold under the new constitution?

Secretary of State

Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of War.

False

Who was the Chief Justice of the United States in 1794?

John Jay Signup and view all the answers

Citizen Genet was a representative of the French Republic who came to America to recruit Americans to help fight in the _______.

French Revolution Signup and view all the answers

Which general defeated the Northwest Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?

Anthony Wayne Signup and view all the answers

What was the funding at par?

The federal government would pay off its debts at face value, plus accumulated interest. Signup and view all the answers

What does strict construction refer to?

Interpreting the Constitution literally Signup and view all the answers

What was Hamilton's theory of assumption?

The federal government would assume all the states' debts from the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Which amendment states that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people?

Tenth Amendment Signup and view all the answers

What did the Whiskey Rebellion challenge?

The National Government's use of an excise tax. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main consequence of Jay's Treaty?

It offered little concessions from Britain and angered Jeffersonians. Signup and view all the answers

The Alien and Sedition Acts increased the residency requirement for American citizenship from 5 to 10 years.

False Signup and view all the answers

What did the Neutrality Proclamation state?

The U.S. would remain neutral in the widening European conflicts. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Treaty of Greenville establish?

America gained control over Ohio after defeating the Indians. Signup and view all the answers

What year was the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution?

1791 Signup and view all the answers

What is the compact theory?

The belief that states could judge the actions of the federal government. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Farewell Address?

George Washington Signup and view all the answers

What was the XYZ Affair?

A demand for bribes by French agents Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Jeffersonian Republicans?

One of the nation's first political parties led by Thomas Jefferson. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Figures and Concepts

John Adams: Federalist, Vice President under Washington, became President in 1796. Known for conflicts with France, XYZ Affair, Quasi War, and efforts for peace in 1800.
Thomas Jefferson: First Secretary of State; opposed Hamilton's national bank creation as a violation of states' rights. His strict construction philosophy shaped Democratic-Republican ideals.
Alexander Hamilton: Federalist leader and Secretary of Treasury; established economic policies including tariffs, state debt assumption, and the first national bank. Regarded as the "father of the National Debt".
Henry Knox: First Secretary of War, responsible for the new army and navy formation.
John Jay: Chief Justice; negotiated a controversial treaty with Britain (Jay's Treaty), preventing war but angering Jeffersonians by failing to address impressments.
Citizen Genet: French representative attempting to recruit Americans for the French Revolution, exposing vulnerabilities of the new American government.
Anthony Wayne: General known as "Mad Anthony"; achieved victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, leading to the Treaty of Greenville, which granted land in Ohio.

Major Treaties and Laws

Jay's Treaty: Limited concessions from Britain, angered Jeffersonians; involved payment for seized ships but failed to secure British assurances against future rectifications.
Pinckney Treaty: Secured free navigation of the Mississippi and territory north of Florida, resulting from American diplomacy following the Jay Treaty.
Convention of 1800: Ended the peacetime military alliance with France, facilitating focus on European conquests.
Whiskey Rebellion: 1794 uprising against excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating national power under the new government despite criticism for its heavy-handed response.

Economic and Political Theories

Funding at Par: Hamilton's strategy for settling national debt at face value, promoting financial unity and stability but leading to inflation.
Strict Construction: Jefferson's belief in interpreting the Constitution literally to protect states' rights, leading to opposition against the Bank of the United States.
Implied Powers: Hamilton's interpretation of unwritten powers of government, pivotal in debates over the national bank and federal authority.
Compact Theory: Idea supported by Jefferson and Madison that states held final judgment over federal government actions, used in Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Amendments and Resolutions

Bill of Rights: First ten amendments ensuring civil liberties, drafted by James Madison, adopted in 1791.
Tenth Amendment: Safeguards state rights by reserving powers not explicitly granted to Congress.
Alien and Sedition Acts: Laws aimed at curbing dissent against the Federalist government, provoking backlash and leading to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

Political Parties and Ideologies

Federalists: Supporters of a strong central government and loose interpretation of the Constitution, primarily led by Hamilton.
Jeffersonian Republicans: Emerged as an early political party advocating for states’ rights, a weaker central government, and pro-French foreign policy.

Conflict and Foreign Relations

Neutrality Proclamation: Issued by Washington to maintain American neutrality in European conflicts, setting a precedent for foreign policy.
XYZ Affair: Diplomatic incident with France involving demands for bribes, leading to quasi-war and strengthening national military resolve.
Judiciary Act of 1789: Established the federal judiciary, including the Supreme Court, impacting the American governmental structure.

Final Notes

Farewell Address: Washington's 1796 message warning against permanent alliances and the dangers of political parties, highlighting domestic and foreign policy concerns.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts advocating state nullification of federal laws deemed unconstitutional, emphasizing states’ rights.

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Test your knowledge on the key figures and events from Chapter 10 of the American Pageant. This quiz covers important figures like John Adams and themes such as the XYZ Affair and relations with France. Ideal for students preparing for APUSH exams.