Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a primary reason for using polymers in medical devices?
What is a primary reason for using polymers in medical devices?
- Their ability to conduct electricity
- Their stable and generally inert nature (correct)
- Their high cost-effectiveness
- Their ability to absorb large amounts of water
What is an example of a medical device that uses polymers?
What is an example of a medical device that uses polymers?
- Dental fillings
- Cochlear implant (correct)
- Pacemaker
- Contact lenses
What is a potential application of biodegradable polymers?
What is a potential application of biodegradable polymers?
- Delivery of drugs (correct)
- Manufacturing surgical robots
- Developing artificial organs
- Creating artificial skin
What area of research uses polymers as building blocks?
What area of research uses polymers as building blocks?
What is a potential use of polymers in orthopaedic applications?
What is a potential use of polymers in orthopaedic applications?
What is the primary purpose of forging in metalworking?
What is the primary purpose of forging in metalworking?
At what temperature range is hot forging typically performed?
At what temperature range is hot forging typically performed?
Which forging method primarily utilizes manual processes like hammering and bending?
Which forging method primarily utilizes manual processes like hammering and bending?
What does the process of upsetting in forging entail?
What does the process of upsetting in forging entail?
Which forging method is especially suitable for producing large or intricate parts using controlled deformation?
Which forging method is especially suitable for producing large or intricate parts using controlled deformation?
In which forging method is a piece of metal forced through a die to achieve a specific shape, usually when cold?
In which forging method is a piece of metal forced through a die to achieve a specific shape, usually when cold?
How does forging contribute to the strength of metal components?
How does forging contribute to the strength of metal components?
Which of the following statements is true regarding drop forging?
Which of the following statements is true regarding drop forging?
What is a key characteristic of pressure die casting compared to sand casting?
What is a key characteristic of pressure die casting compared to sand casting?
Which statement about brazing is correct?
Which statement about brazing is correct?
What is the initial step in the investment casting process?
What is the initial step in the investment casting process?
Which welding method is specifically suited for non-ferrous metals?
Which welding method is specifically suited for non-ferrous metals?
What distinguishes fabrication from casting and forging?
What distinguishes fabrication from casting and forging?
In which situation would soldering be preferable over brazing?
In which situation would soldering be preferable over brazing?
What is a significant drawback of sand casting?
What is a significant drawback of sand casting?
What is a common application of electric arc welding?
What is a common application of electric arc welding?
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Study Notes
Polymers in Medical Applications
- Polymers are valued for their stable and inert nature, making them suitable for use in physical devices such as prostheses.
- Significant advances have been made in implant technologies utilizing polymers.
- PVC is used to house componentry for synthetic speech processors in cochlear implants.
Biodegradable Polymers
- Biodegradable polymers are used for drug delivery, vascular grafts or stents, wound closures, and orthopaedic joints.
- These polymers are also utilized in tissue engineering.
Polymers in Nanotechnology
- Polymers serve as building blocks in nanotech research, which focuses on microsurgical techniques and virus control.
Forging Process
- Forging shapes metal using forceful blows, applicable to both hot and cold conditions.
- Hot forging occurs above recrystallisation temperatures (400-700°C).
- Forging techniques may alter a metal's dimensions while enhancing its internal structure.
- Grain flow realigns with the forged shape, boosting strength along the axis.
Forging Methods
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Blacksmithing (HOT):
- Involves heating metal until malleable followed by shaping with hammers and anvils.
- Techniques include hammering, bending, cutting, and welding; primarily manual.
-
Drop Forging (HOT):
- Metal heated and placed between two dies; upper die is dropped to shape the metal.
- Ideal for mass production of identical parts.
-
Press Forging (HOT):
- Applies slow, continuous pressure for precise deformation control.
- Suitable for creating large or intricate components; usually conducted hot.
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Upsetting (HOT or COLD):
- Increases workpiece diameter by compressing its length, versatile for hot or cold methods.
- Common applications include bolt heads and valves.
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Swaging (COLD):
- Cold process forcing workpiece through dies to reduce diameter or achieve specific shapes.
- Often used for tubes, rods, and wires; can utilize rotary machines or hammers.
Casting Process
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Casting involves pouring molten metal into a cavity, solidifying to form a final article.
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Sand Casting:
- Molten metal poured into a sand mold, solidifies and then the mold is broken to retrieve the casting.
-
Investment Casting:
- Wax pattern coated with ceramic material, wax melted out to create cavity for final product shape.
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Pressure Die Casting:
- Molten metal forced under pressure into molds for complex shapes with high precision.
- Typically used for large-scale production.
Fabrication Process
- Fabrication differs from forging and casting by assembling multiple cut pieces to create an article.
Joining Methods
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Welding:
- Joins metal pieces by melting and cooling them together for a strong bond.
- Types include electric arc (stick), MIG, TIG, spot, gas, and friction welding.
-
Brazing:
- Joins metals by melting a filler with a lower melting point than the base metals.
-
Soldering:
- Similar to brazing but uses a lower melting point filler metal specifically for metal parts.
-
Bolting:
- Involves fastening components together with bolts for secure assembly.
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