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Questions and Answers
What is the typical use of concrete block for basement walls?
What is the typical use of concrete block for basement walls?
- To be covered with stucco
- To provide high thermal resistance
- To be usually plain faced (correct)
- To act as a back-up material
Why are coatings often applied to concrete blocks?
Why are coatings often applied to concrete blocks?
- To increase water penetration
- To enhance sound resistance
- To decrease thermal resistance
- To prevent water penetration (correct)
What is the key reason why testing of concrete is important according to the text?
What is the key reason why testing of concrete is important according to the text?
- To improve fire resistance properties
- To enhance sound resistance
- To reduce thermal properties
- To meet manufacturing standards (correct)
What makes lightweight concrete units different from normal weight units?
What makes lightweight concrete units different from normal weight units?
What does the binding medium in concrete consist of?
What does the binding medium in concrete consist of?
When should concrete undergo quality tests according to the text?
When should concrete undergo quality tests according to the text?
What is the purpose of measuring the subsidence of concrete in millimeters?
What is the purpose of measuring the subsidence of concrete in millimeters?
What type of slump is considered most desirable in concrete testing?
What type of slump is considered most desirable in concrete testing?
What does a shear slump indicate about a concrete mix?
What does a shear slump indicate about a concrete mix?
What can cause a collapse slump in fresh concrete?
What can cause a collapse slump in fresh concrete?
Which condition represents stiff, consistent, and almost no workability in concrete?
Which condition represents stiff, consistent, and almost no workability in concrete?
What should be done to the area around the base of the cone before lifting the mould during a concrete slump test?
What should be done to the area around the base of the cone before lifting the mould during a concrete slump test?
Why should concrete be placed in uniform layers?
Why should concrete be placed in uniform layers?
What happens if water is added to concrete that is setting?
What happens if water is added to concrete that is setting?
What is the purpose of compacting concrete?
What is the purpose of compacting concrete?
Why should each layer of concrete be fully compacted before placing the next one?
Why should each layer of concrete be fully compacted before placing the next one?
What is the purpose of using lighting for large, deep sections, walls, and columns?
What is the purpose of using lighting for large, deep sections, walls, and columns?
Why should collision between concrete and formwork or reinforcement be avoided?
Why should collision between concrete and formwork or reinforcement be avoided?
What happens to the strength of concrete for every 1% of entrapped air?
What happens to the strength of concrete for every 1% of entrapped air?
How do air voids affect concrete's permeability?
How do air voids affect concrete's permeability?
Why is it important to compact concrete fully?
Why is it important to compact concrete fully?
What is the consequence of concrete not being dense and impermeable?
What is the consequence of concrete not being dense and impermeable?
How do air voids affect the bond between concrete mix and reinforcement?
How do air voids affect the bond between concrete mix and reinforcement?
What is the purpose of using reinforced walls?
What is the purpose of using reinforced walls?
Which method is NOT suitable for compacting concrete according to the text?
Which method is NOT suitable for compacting concrete according to the text?
In what ways can reinforcement be used in reinforced masonry walls?
In what ways can reinforcement be used in reinforced masonry walls?
Which category does Reinforced Hollow Unit Masonry belong to?
Which category does Reinforced Hollow Unit Masonry belong to?
How are solid walls reinforced?
How are solid walls reinforced?
What are Composite Masonry Walls made of?
What are Composite Masonry Walls made of?
What is the main advantage of Composite Masonry Walls?
What is the main advantage of Composite Masonry Walls?
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Study Notes
Placing Concrete
- To achieve proper placing, concrete should be placed in uniform layers, not in large heaps or sloping layers.
- The thickness of the layer should be compatible with the method of vibration to remove entrapped air.
- The rate of placing and compaction should be equal to avoid mix stiffening or racing ahead of the compacting gang.
Compaction of Concrete
- Compaction is necessary to remove air voids trapped in loose concrete.
- Air voids reduce the strength of concrete, increase permeability, and reduce durability.
- Air voids can cause honeycombing, reduce bond between the mix and reinforcement, and produce blemishes on struck surfaces.
Methods of Compaction
- Vibration is the quickest method of supplying energy to compact concrete.
- Manual techniques like rodding are suitable for smaller projects.
Slump Test
- The slump test measures the workability of concrete by measuring the subsidence of concrete in millimeters.
- The test should be performed on a non-porous surface, with the mould and base moistened, and in a place free of vibration or shocks.
- Types of slump include true slump, shear slump, collapse slump, and zero slump.
Applications of Concrete Masonry Units
- Concrete blocks are used in foundation walls, basement walls, partition walls, and exterior walls.
- Lightweight units have higher thermal and fire resistance properties and lower sound resistance than normal weight units.
Construction Material and Testing
- Testing of concrete is crucial to ensure it meets standards.
- Quality tests are performed on concrete before and after casting on site to determine its quality.
Reinforced Masonry Walls
- Reinforced walls protect against cracks and provide strength against natural disasters.
- Types of reinforced masonry walls include confined masonry, reinforced cavity masonry, reinforced solid masonry, and reinforced grouted masonry.
Composite Masonry Walls
- Composite masonry walls are made with a combination of two or more building materials.
- They reduce the overall cost of construction, improve durability, and provide a superior finish.
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