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Questions and Answers
Which of the following materials is NOT commonly used in masonry construction?
What is a concrete masonry unit (CMU)?
What functionality does the frog in a frogged brick block provide?
Which type of block is specifically known for its use in constructing walls?
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What characteristic is shared by cast stone and concrete block?
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What is the primary advantage of masonry construction?
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Which of the following correctly describes hollow concrete blocks?
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Which block type is a variant of concrete block specifically used for corners?
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What is the purpose of a control joint in masonry construction?
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What type of joint is specifically used to separate brick masonry segments to prevent cracking?
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How are concrete hollow blocks classified based on their use?
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What is the standard dimension of a concrete hollow block used in the solution?
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How many concrete hollow blocks can occupy 1 square meter?
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What is a primary characteristic of the running bond pattern in masonry construction?
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What structural advantage does the running bond pattern provide?
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Which bond pattern requires additional support to ensure its stability?
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What is the main purpose of control joints in concrete masonry?
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How does the stacked bond pattern differ from the running bond pattern?
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Which statement about the running bond is correct?
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What is typically formed at the head joints in a stack bond pattern?
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What adaptation in masonry walls has become more common over time?
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What is the definition of precast in the context of concrete blocks?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of hollow block composition?
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Which is a disadvantage of using concrete hollow blocks?
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What factor primarily contributes to the strength and stability of masonry walls?
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How are concrete hollow blocks (CHB) typically characterized?
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What is a recommended practice when sourcing concrete hollow blocks?
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What affects the water absorption of masonry walls?
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Which natural disaster's resistance is a critical aspect of the strength of masonry walls?
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How many bags of cement are needed for a plaster thickness of 12mm on a 4 x 5 m wall using Class B mixture?
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What is the volume of sand required to plaster both sides of a 4 x 5 m wall at 12mm thickness using Class B mixture?
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If using a Class A mixture for a 15 x 20 x 40 cm CHB, how many bags of cement are necessary for 20 square meters?
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Which Class mixture requires the least amount of cement for a 12mm thickness?
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What is the area used to calculate the material needed for plastering two sides of a 4 x 5 m wall?
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How much sand is required per square meter for a 12mm thick plaster using Class B mixture?
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If a wall measures 4 x 5 m and requires plaster on both sides, how many cubic meters of sand would be used in total?
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Using a Class A mixture for a 10 x 20 x 40 cm block, how many blocks are needed per square meter?
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Study Notes
Masonry Construction Materials
- Common masonry materials include brick, stone (marble, granite, limestone), cast stone, concrete block, glass block, and adobe.
- Masonry is known for its durability.
Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs)
- CMUs are standard-size rectangular blocks used in building construction.
- Terms like cinder block and breeze block are often used generally to refer to various CMU types.
- Types of CMUs include stretcher blocks, corner blocks, pillar blocks, lintel blocks, and frogged blocks (with a frog – a cavity – on top to hold mortar).
- Hollow concrete blocks are commonly used for wall construction.
- Hollow block composition may include volcanic ash, granite rubble, sand, broken glass/brick/concrete/hardened cement, expanded clay, river gravel, crushed stone, sawdust, and combustion products.
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHBs) in the Philippines
- CHBs are common masonry materials in the Philippines.
- Masonry involves building structures by laying individual units (brick, stone, concrete block) and binding them with cement mortar and rebar.
- Advantages of CHBs: strong, durable, fire-resistant, non-combustible, weather-resistant, cheap, and readily available.
- Disadvantages of CHBs: appearance, water absorption, complex and labor-intensive installation.
CHB Properties and Construction Practices
- Ensure consistent CHB supply from a single manufacturer to avoid size variations.
- Avoid using under-aged CHBs due to lower strength.
- Masonry wall strength and stability depend on unit strength, bonding, reinforcement, and support.
- Masonry walls offer weather and fire resistance.
Concrete Masonry Bond Patterns
- Bond patterns affect the appearance of concrete masonry walls.
- Running bond is a common pattern where courses alternate, providing structural strength.
- Stack bond involves stacking units vertically, requiring additional securing or support.
Control and Expansion Joints
- Control joints reduce shrinkage-related cracking in concrete masonry by creating a continuous vertical joint with a bond breaker.
- Expansion joints prevent cracking due to temperature changes, moisture expansion, elastic deformation, settlement, and creep; they can be horizontal or vertical.
CHB Calculations (Example)
- A 4m high x 5m long wall example demonstrates calculations for determining the number of CHBs, cement, and sand needed.
- Calculations are shown using 15cm x 20cm x 40cm standard CHBs and different mortar mix classes (A, B, C).
- Tables provide values for cement and sand quantities per square meter for both block laying and plastering.
- Plastering calculations consider 12mm thickness for a 4m x 5m wall, requiring calculations for both sides.
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Description
This quiz explores the various materials used in masonry construction, including bricks, stones, and concrete masonry units (CMUs). Learn about different types of CMUs, their compositions, and the significance of concrete hollow blocks in the Philippines. Test your knowledge of masonry materials and their applications.
