Applications of Centrifugation in Cellular Components

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Questions and Answers

What is the significance of centrifugation?

To purify mammalian cells only

To study the effects of centrifugal forces on cells (correct)

To separate two immiscible substances

To study the effects of gravitational forces on cells

What is an application of centrifugation in the purification of biological molecules?

Salting out with Ammonium sulfate precipitation (correct)

Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk

Separation of particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation

Fractionation of subcellular organelles

What is dialysis used for?

To purify mammalian cells

To separate two miscible substances

To separate dissolved molecules based on molecular weight (correct)

To separate particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation

What happens to macromolecules in a dialysis bag?

They remain in the bag Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of dialysis?

It is very simple and is still the only way to deal with large-volume samples Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of dialysis?

The question does not provide enough information Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a semi-permeable membrane in dialysis?

To allow only small molecules to diffuse through Signup and view all the answers

What happens to small molecules in a dialysis process?

They diffuse through the collodion membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dialysis at equilibrium?

The concentration of small molecules is the same inside and outside the membrane Signup and view all the answers

What can dialysis be used for in characterization studies?

Characterization of a candidate drug in serum binding assays or detailed study of antigen-antibody interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of centrifugation and dialysis?

Both use semi-permeable membranes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an application of centrifugation?

Characterization of a candidate drug in serum binding assays Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a dialysis bag?

To hold the biological sample during dialysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is dialysis still in use today?

It is inexpensive and easy to perform Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of centrifugal forces on cells?

Separation of cellular and subcellular components Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an application of centrifugation in the food industry?

Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the buffer in dialysis?

To exchange small molecules with the sample Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of dialysis?

It is time-consuming and labor-intensive Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of centrifugation?

Separates components based on molecular weight Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of centrifugation in forensic and research laboratories?

Separation of urine components and blood components Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Centrifugation

A modern and easy technique of separation that allows for the separation of cellular and subcellular components
Used to study the effects of centrifugal forces on cells
Applications:
- Separate two miscible substances
- Analyze the hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules
- Purify mammalian cells
- Fractionate subcellular organelles (including membranes/membrane fractions) and membrane vesicles
- Separate chalk powder from water
- Remove fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
- Separate particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation
- Clarify and stabilize wine
- Separate urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratories
- Aid in the separation of proteins using purification techniques such as salting out (e.g. Ammonium sulfate precipitation)

Dialysis

An operation to separate dissolved molecules based on molecular weight
Uses a dialysis bag with a semi-permeable membrane to separate small molecules from macromolecules
Process:
- A biological sample is placed inside a tube of semi-permeable membrane
- The tube is placed inside a much bigger container with a concentrated solution
- Small molecules diffuse through the membrane, while macromolecules remain in the bag
- At equilibrium, the concentration of small molecules is the same inside and outside the membrane

Advantages of Dialysis

Simple and effective for large-volume samples
Useful for characterization of a candidate drug in serum binding assays or detailed study of antigen-antibody interactions
Most accurate method available
Inexpensive and easy to perform

Centrifugation

A modern and easy technique of separation that allows for the separation of cellular and subcellular components
Used to study the effects of centrifugal forces on cells
Applications:
- Separate two miscible substances
- Analyze the hydrodynamic properties of macromolecules
- Purify mammalian cells
- Fractionate subcellular organelles (including membranes/membrane fractions) and membrane vesicles
- Separate chalk powder from water
- Remove fat from milk to produce skimmed milk
- Separate particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation
- Clarify and stabilize wine
- Separate urine components and blood components in forensic and research laboratories
- Aid in the separation of proteins using purification techniques such as salting out (e.g. Ammonium sulfate precipitation)

Dialysis

An operation to separate dissolved molecules based on molecular weight
Uses a dialysis bag with a semi-permeable membrane to separate small molecules from macromolecules
Process:
- A biological sample is placed inside a tube of semi-permeable membrane
- The tube is placed inside a much bigger container with a concentrated solution
- Small molecules diffuse through the membrane, while macromolecules remain in the bag
- At equilibrium, the concentration of small molecules is the same inside and outside the membrane

Advantages of Dialysis

Simple and effective for large-volume samples
Useful for characterization of a candidate drug in serum binding assays or detailed study of antigen-antibody interactions
Most accurate method available
Inexpensive and easy to perform

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Description

Centrifugation is a modern technique used to separate cellular and subcellular components, study effects of centrifugal forces on cells, and more. This quiz covers its various applications.