Applications in Clinical Psychology

Personality traits refer to relatively enduring dispositions—tendencies to act, think, or feel in a certain manner in any given circumstance and that distinguish one person from another.

False

C.R. Rogers defines self-concept as an organized and relatively consistent set of assumptions that a person has about himself or herself.

<p>The main purpose of the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet was to identify military recruits who were likely to break down in combat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor Analytic Strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empirical strategies rely heavily on data collection and statistical analysis to understand the meaning of test responses and to identify the underlying dimensions of personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cross-validation involves conducting additional research to confirm the initial findings of a personality test, ensuring its validity and generalizability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface traits represent visible, observable characteristics of personality, while source traits represent the underlying, fundamental dimensions of personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MMPI is primarily used for identifying psychological disorders, while the CPI focuses on evaluating personality traits in individuals who are considered normally adjusted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CPI contains four classes of scales: Class I (poise and interpersonal effectiveness), Class II (socialization and responsibility), Class III (achievement potential), and Class IV (interest modes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to reduce a large set of data, such as personality test items, into a smaller number of underlying dimensions or factors, simplifying the understanding of complex personality traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guilford and his associates ultimately reduced personality to 10 dimensions, each measured by 30 different items.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One criticism of the factor analytical strategy is that it can be difficult to determine exactly which psychological factors are being measured by the resulting groupings, making interpretation complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The K scale in the MMPI aims to identify individuals who are attempting to present themselves in an overly favorable light, potentially distorting their true personality characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'F scale' in the MMPI is designed to detect respondents who are trying to fake bad, presenting symptoms of psychological distress or abnormality that they might not actually experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>While the original PRF, JPI, and EPPS all draw from Murray's theory of needs, the EPPS assesses needs relative to each other, while the PRF and JPI assess them in absolute terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The initial attempt to apply this strategy resulted in a series of inventories, eventually culminating in the creation of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The projective hypothesis proposes that when people attempt to understand an ambiguous or vague stimulus, their interpretation of the stimulus reflects their underlying needs, feelings, experiences, and prior conditioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rorschach Inkblot Test uses inkblots as stimuli, while the Thematic Apperception Test uses pictures depicting various scenes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A confabulatory response in the Rorschach refers to a response where a person incorporates details or information from the inkblot that are not actually present, adding elements to the perceived image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Holtzman Inkblot Test allows the subject to provide just one response per card, which helps to minimize the influence of multiple responses and allows for more controlled scoring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Core self-evaluations' represent a broad-based personality construct that is composed of four specific traits: self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, neuroticism, and locus of control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The General Self-Efficacy Scale measures an individual's belief in their ability to manage various situations, cope with challenges, and overcome setbacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dispositional optimism refers to an individual's tendency to view the world and the future in a positive way, characterized by a belief in their ability to achieve desired outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SWLS aims to measure an individual's overall level of satisfaction with their life, as a general assessment of their life experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The PANAS measures two orthogonal dimensions of affect: positive affect (PA), which encompasses feelings of joy, interest, and alertness, and negative affect (NA), which includes feelings of sadness, anger, and guilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive-oriented coping</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Q-sort technique involves presenting a person with a set of statements or descriptors related to self-concept, which they then sort into categories representing their degree of agreement or disagreement, providing a measure of their self-perception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interpretation of a 'draw-a-person' test often considers factors such as absolute size, relative size, omissions (elements left out), and disproportions (unusual ratios) in the drawing, providing insights into the individual's perception of themselves and their relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Word Association Test' aims to uncover potential disturbances or areas of conflict within an individual's mind by analyzing their immediate, automatic responses to specific words, revealing hidden thoughts and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sentence completion tasks are employed to understand an individual's needs, conflicts, values, and thought processes by analyzing their responses to incomplete sentences, often revealing underlying themes or issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers