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Questions and Answers
What is the largest flat sesamoid bone located in a tendon in the human body?
What is the largest flat sesamoid bone located in a tendon in the human body?
Which bone is positioned laterally to the tibia and does not bear any body weight?
Which bone is positioned laterally to the tibia and does not bear any body weight?
Which structure serves as the attachment site for the patellar ligament?
Which structure serves as the attachment site for the patellar ligament?
How many phalanges are present in one foot?
How many phalanges are present in one foot?
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Which of the following accurately describes the appendicular skeleton?
Which of the following accurately describes the appendicular skeleton?
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Which bone articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
Which bone articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
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What are the two rows of carpal bones in the wrist called?
What are the two rows of carpal bones in the wrist called?
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Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?
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What characterizes the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
What characterizes the female pelvis compared to the male pelvis?
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What is the major muscle attachment site on the femur called?
What is the major muscle attachment site on the femur called?
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Which feature is most prominent on the ischium?
Which feature is most prominent on the ischium?
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Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Which bones make up the pectoral girdle?
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What is the primary function of the clavicle in the appendicular skeleton?
What is the primary function of the clavicle in the appendicular skeleton?
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How many phalanges are there in total in one human hand?
How many phalanges are there in total in one human hand?
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What structure forms the joint where the two coxal bones are joined anteriorly?
What structure forms the joint where the two coxal bones are joined anteriorly?
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Which feature of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus?
Which feature of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus?
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the humerus?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the humerus?
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What distinguishes the ulna in relation to the radius?
What distinguishes the ulna in relation to the radius?
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What is the role of the trochlear notch in the ulna?
What is the role of the trochlear notch in the ulna?
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What part of the humerus is commonly associated with fractures?
What part of the humerus is commonly associated with fractures?
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Which component of the upper limb is primarily responsible for the forearm's flexibility?
Which component of the upper limb is primarily responsible for the forearm's flexibility?
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Study Notes
Appendicular Skeletal System: Lecture 1 - Bones
- The appendicular skeleton consists of bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the limb bones.
- The pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle connect the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton.
- The pectoral girdle has two bones, the scapula (shoulder blade) and the clavicle (collar bone).
- The clavicle is a slender, curved bone, attaching to the sternum and scapula to form the shoulder joint.
- The scapula is triangular, has an acromion and coracoid process, and has a glenoid cavity that articulates with the humerus.
- The upper limb bones include the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
- The humerus is the long bone of the arm.
- The radius and ulna make up the forearm.
- The hand consists of 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and phalanges for the fingers and thumb.
- The lower limb bones include the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
- The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone of the body.
- The greater and lesser trochanters are prominent areas of the femur where large muscles attach.
- The linea aspera is the attachment site for hip muscles on the femur.
- The distal condyles and intercondylar fossa are at the distal end of the femur.
- The patella is the kneecap, a large, flat sesamoid bone in the tendon.
- The tibia is the shin bone, medial to the fibula.
- The prominent tibial tuberosity is the site of attachment for the patellar ligament.
- The medial malleolus is a prominent process of the tibia.
- The fibula is the lateral bone of the lower leg, not weight-bearing.
- The tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges form the ankle and foot.
- The calcaneus is the heel bone.
- The talus articulates with tibia and fibula.
- The tarsals include navicular, cuboid, lateral, intermediate, and medial cuneiforms.
Learning Outcomes
- Students should be able to identify the bones of the appendicular skeleton (limbs, pectoral, and pelvic girdles).
- Students should be able to describe 3 major differences between male and female pelvises.
- Students should be able to locate bones of the appendicular skeleton.
Pelvic Girdle
- The pelvic girdle consists of two coxal (hip) bones.
- The coxal bones are joined anteriorly by the pubic symphysis (fibrocartilage).
- The pelvic girdle connects posteriorly to the sacrum by the sacroiliac (SI) joints.
- The pelvic girdle supports the trunk of the body and protects visceral organs within the pelvic cavity.
- Each coxal bone is formed from the fusion of three bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- The hip bones include, the acetabulum, iliac crest, iliac spines [superior and inferior], greater sciatic notch, ischial spines, lesser sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, pubis, obturator foramen, symphysis pubis (pubic), and pubic arch.
Differences between Male and Female Pelvises
- Female iliac bones are more flared (wider) than in males.
- Female hips are broader than in males.
- Female pubic arch angle is greater than 90 degrees in contrast to males.
- The distance between the ischial spines and tuberosities is greater in females compared to males.
- Female sacral curvature is shorter and flatter than in males.
- Female pelvises are lighter than in males.
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Description
Explore the components of the appendicular skeletal system, focusing on the pectoral and pelvic girdles, as well as the limb bones. This quiz provides insights into the structure and function of bones such as the scapula, clavicle, femur, and more. Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the upper and lower limbs.
