Aphasia Classification Flashcards

Study Notes

Verbal Paraphasia

Involves substituting a real word, crossing word boundaries.
Example: "telephone" replaced with "television."

Semantic Paraphasia

Substitutes words that are semantically related.
Example: "apple" replaced with "banana."

Literal Paraphasia

Characterized by phonological errors.
At least 50% phonemes overlap with the target word and do not cross word boundaries.
Also known as phonological or phonemic paraphasia.
Example: "apple" replaced with "aptum."

Neologistic Paraphasia

Involves creating nonwords with minimal or no phonological similarity to the target word.

Paragraphia

Written counterpart of verbal paraphasias, leading to word substitutions in writing.

Paralexia

Involves errors in reading and lexical access, similar to paraphasias.

General Aphasia Types

Nonfluent Aphasia: Characterized by MLU < 4.0 and WPM < 60.
Fluent Aphasia: MLU and WPM within normal ranges.

Fluent Aphasia

Involves the production of coherent strings of words with normal prosody.
Types include:
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Transcortical Sensory aphasia
- Conduction aphasia
- Anomic aphasia

Nonfluent Aphasia

Involves difficulty generating fluent speech.
Types include:
- Broca's aphasia
- Transcortical Motor aphasia
- Global aphasia

Classic Lesion Sites

Broca's aphasia: Perisylvian area.
Transcortical Motor aphasia: Borderzone area.
Global aphasia: Nonlocalizing lesion.
Wernicke's aphasia: Perisylvian area.
Transcortical Sensory aphasia: Borderzone area.
Conduction aphasia: Perisylvian area.
Anomic aphasia: Nonlocalizing lesion.

Broca's Aphasia Production Patterns

Speech is effortful, often associated with apraxia.
Vocabulary restricted: open class words more common than closed class; nouns preferred over verbs.
Grammatical complexity reduced: grammatical morphemes frequently omitted or substituted.
Syntactically simpler sentences preferred.
Naming and repetition: nouns impaired significantly more than verbs, with motor/phonological errors in repetition.

Broca's Aphasia: Comprehension and Writing

Auditory comprehension: "high-level" deficits; struggles with syntactic movement.
Writing is similar in quality to spoken output.
Reading aloud resembles spontaneous speech; associated with deep dyslexia.
Reading comprehension faces mild to moderate impairment.

Agrammatic Aphasia

Specific classification of Broca's aphasia.
Characterized by a preference for nouns over verbs in speech production.
Primarily affects grammatical morphology and comprehension of complex sentences.

Transcortical Motor Aphasia

Nonfluent speech patterns similar to Broca's aphasia.
Notable strength in repetition.

Global Aphasia

Severe loss of language function impacting production, comprehension, and naming across all word classes.
Retains some automatic expressions; significant perseveration observed.
Severe impairments in reading and writing abilities.

Wernicke's Aphasia

Fluent speech with frequent paraphasias (neologistic, literal, verbal).
Impaired comprehension and naming, often producing nonsense phrases.
Reading and writing are also affected, with parallels to verbal output.

Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Fluent speech akin to Wernicke's but with preserved repetition abilities.

Conduction Aphasia

Fluent speech marked by phonological paraphasias and frequent self-corrections.
Impaired repetition despite relatively intact auditory comprehension.
Reading often shows paralexic errors; writing experiences paragraphic errors.

Anomic Aphasia

Characterized as a "pure naming deficit".
Fluent speech with no syntactic difficulties; circumlocution frequent.
Naming is primarily impaired for nouns, with comprehension, reading, and writing generally preserved.

Subcortical Aphasia

Defined by specific lesion sites rather than symptoms.
Striatal-capsular lesions involve the caudate nucleus or putamen, leading to sparse language output but often preserved comprehension.
Thalamic lesion characteristics are not detailed but suggest similar implications for speech.

Description

Dive into the world of aphasia with this flashcard quiz that highlights the different types of paraphasia. Explore definitions like verbal, semantic, and literal paraphasia through real-world examples. Great for language and speech pathology students looking to enhance their understanding of language disorders.

Aphasia Classification Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is verbal paraphasia?

What does semantic paraphasia involve?

Which of the following describes literal paraphasia?

Neologistic refers to a type of word that has a high phonological overlap with the target word.

What is paragraphia?

What are the MLU and WPM for nonfluent aphasia?

Which type of aphasia is characterized by the production of uninterrupted strings of words?

What is a classic lesion site for Broca's aphasia?

What is the primary characteristic of Broca's aphasia?

Global aphasia allows for fluent production of language.

What are the characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia?

What is anomic aphasia?

What defines transcortical motor aphasia?

Which type of aphasia involves impaired repetition and fluent production with paraphasic errors?

What is subcortical aphasia defined by?