Questions and Answers
What is verbal paraphasia?
What does semantic paraphasia involve?
Semantically related substitution
Which of the following describes literal paraphasia?
Neologistic refers to a type of word that has a high phonological overlap with the target word.
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What is paragraphia?
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What are the MLU and WPM for nonfluent aphasia?
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Which type of aphasia is characterized by the production of uninterrupted strings of words?
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What is a classic lesion site for Broca's aphasia?
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What is the primary characteristic of Broca's aphasia?
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Global aphasia allows for fluent production of language.
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What are the characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia?
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What is anomic aphasia?
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What defines transcortical motor aphasia?
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Which type of aphasia involves impaired repetition and fluent production with paraphasic errors?
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What is subcortical aphasia defined by?
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Study Notes
Verbal Paraphasia
- Involves substituting a real word, crossing word boundaries.
- Example: "telephone" replaced with "television."
Semantic Paraphasia
- Substitutes words that are semantically related.
- Example: "apple" replaced with "banana."
Literal Paraphasia
- Characterized by phonological errors.
- At least 50% phonemes overlap with the target word and do not cross word boundaries.
- Also known as phonological or phonemic paraphasia.
- Example: "apple" replaced with "aptum."
Neologistic Paraphasia
- Involves creating nonwords with minimal or no phonological similarity to the target word.
Paragraphia
- Written counterpart of verbal paraphasias, leading to word substitutions in writing.
Paralexia
- Involves errors in reading and lexical access, similar to paraphasias.
General Aphasia Types
- Nonfluent Aphasia: Characterized by MLU < 4.0 and WPM < 60.
- Fluent Aphasia: MLU and WPM within normal ranges.
Fluent Aphasia
- Involves the production of coherent strings of words with normal prosody.
- Types include:
- Wernicke's aphasia
- Transcortical Sensory aphasia
- Conduction aphasia
- Anomic aphasia
Nonfluent Aphasia
- Involves difficulty generating fluent speech.
- Types include:
- Broca's aphasia
- Transcortical Motor aphasia
- Global aphasia
Classic Lesion Sites
- Broca's aphasia: Perisylvian area.
- Transcortical Motor aphasia: Borderzone area.
- Global aphasia: Nonlocalizing lesion.
- Wernicke's aphasia: Perisylvian area.
- Transcortical Sensory aphasia: Borderzone area.
- Conduction aphasia: Perisylvian area.
- Anomic aphasia: Nonlocalizing lesion.
Broca's Aphasia Production Patterns
- Speech is effortful, often associated with apraxia.
- Vocabulary restricted: open class words more common than closed class; nouns preferred over verbs.
- Grammatical complexity reduced: grammatical morphemes frequently omitted or substituted.
- Syntactically simpler sentences preferred.
- Naming and repetition: nouns impaired significantly more than verbs, with motor/phonological errors in repetition.
Broca's Aphasia: Comprehension and Writing
- Auditory comprehension: "high-level" deficits; struggles with syntactic movement.
- Writing is similar in quality to spoken output.
- Reading aloud resembles spontaneous speech; associated with deep dyslexia.
- Reading comprehension faces mild to moderate impairment.
Agrammatic Aphasia
- Specific classification of Broca's aphasia.
- Characterized by a preference for nouns over verbs in speech production.
- Primarily affects grammatical morphology and comprehension of complex sentences.
Transcortical Motor Aphasia
- Nonfluent speech patterns similar to Broca's aphasia.
- Notable strength in repetition.
Global Aphasia
- Severe loss of language function impacting production, comprehension, and naming across all word classes.
- Retains some automatic expressions; significant perseveration observed.
- Severe impairments in reading and writing abilities.
Wernicke's Aphasia
- Fluent speech with frequent paraphasias (neologistic, literal, verbal).
- Impaired comprehension and naming, often producing nonsense phrases.
- Reading and writing are also affected, with parallels to verbal output.
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
- Fluent speech akin to Wernicke's but with preserved repetition abilities.
Conduction Aphasia
- Fluent speech marked by phonological paraphasias and frequent self-corrections.
- Impaired repetition despite relatively intact auditory comprehension.
- Reading often shows paralexic errors; writing experiences paragraphic errors.
Anomic Aphasia
- Characterized as a "pure naming deficit".
- Fluent speech with no syntactic difficulties; circumlocution frequent.
- Naming is primarily impaired for nouns, with comprehension, reading, and writing generally preserved.
Subcortical Aphasia
- Defined by specific lesion sites rather than symptoms.
- Striatal-capsular lesions involve the caudate nucleus or putamen, leading to sparse language output but often preserved comprehension.
- Thalamic lesion characteristics are not detailed but suggest similar implications for speech.
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Description
Dive into the world of aphasia with this flashcard quiz that highlights the different types of paraphasia. Explore definitions like verbal, semantic, and literal paraphasia through real-world examples. Great for language and speech pathology students looking to enhance their understanding of language disorders.
