Aperçu des scores ESG
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Questions and Answers

Quels aspects doivent être compris pour évaluer l'ESG d'une entreprise ?

  • Le chiffre d'affaires de l'année précédente
  • La réputation de l'entreprise dans les médias
  • Le nombre d'employés
  • Les installations mondiales de l'entreprise (correct)

Quel est un défi lié à l'identification des problèmes ESG financièrement matériels ?

  • Il n'existe aucune liste standardisée complète (correct)
  • Tous les secteurs d'activité ont les mêmes enjeux
  • Les enjeux ESG sont homogènes à l'international
  • Les entreprises partagent toujours leurs données financières

Comment les agences de notation obtiennent-elles les informations nécessaires pour les évaluations ESG ?

  • Par des études de marché externes uniquement
  • Uniquement via les rapports annuels des sociétés
  • À partir d'une variété de sources, y compris les données réglementaires (correct)
  • En se basant uniquement sur des entretiens avec les directeurs financiers

Qu'est-ce qui affecte la matérialité financière des thèmes ESG ?

<p>Le jugement professionnel et l'industrie (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle méthode est souvent utilisée pour combler les lacunes de données lors des évaluations ESG ?

<p>L'imputation basée sur des modèles statistiques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le principal objectif des agences ESG ?

<p>Corriger l'asymétrie d'information sur l'état des entreprises. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pourquoi les critères d'évaluation des agences ESG ne sont-ils pas standardisés ?

<p>En raison de l'absence d'un cadre de référence autoritaire commun. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est un des défis liés aux scores fournis par les agences ESG ?

<p>Il existe des incohérences dans les méthodes de calcul des scores. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qui paie les agences ESG pour leurs évaluations ?

<p>Les investisseurs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel approche défendent certains experts en matière de rapport RSE ?

<p>Une approche unique de matérialité. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Que mesurent réellement les scores ESG ?

<p>Les risques de durabilité auxquels les entreprises sont exposées. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le rôle des agences de notation de crédit par rapport aux agences ESG ?

<p>Elles estiment la probabilité de faillite d'une entreprise. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel aspect n'est pas pris en compte par l'approche de double-matérialité ?

<p>Les risques industriels spécifiques liés à l'ESG. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est la principale fonction de la notation ESG ?

<p>Comprendre les risques liés aux questions environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qu'est-ce qui est considéré comme 'matériel' pour une entreprise dans le cadre de la notation ESG ?

<p>Les questions qui affectent la valeur à long terme de l'entreprise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel processus est utilisé dans l'évaluation des scores ESG ?

<p>Collecte de données, analyse de la matérialité et scoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est un des résultats possibles d'une entreprise ayant une bonne notation ESG ?

<p>Des rendements supérieurs pour les investisseurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pourquoi l'évaluation ESG peut-elle être considérée comme relevant des finances plutôt que de l'impact ?

<p>Parce qu'elle s'intéresse aux risques financiers associés (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est l'élément essentiel lors de l'évaluation d'une entreprise pour sa notation ESG ?

<p>Les indicateurs jugés pertinents pour le secteur de l'entreprise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qu'est-ce qui peut rendre une notation ESG efficace pour les investisseurs ?

<p>Son orientation vers les risques financiers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Les notations ESG peuvent-elles être considérées comme des indicateurs d'impact positif ?

<p>Oui, mais elles se concentrent principalement sur les risques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle initiative évalue l'impact environnemental des entreprises à travers différents indicateurs ?

<p>MSCI ESG Score Process (A), Refinitiv ESG Score Process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de donnée est extrait des indicateurs ESG selon Refinitiv ?

<p>Utilisation de produits toxiques (C), Taux de rotation des employés (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel indicateur mesure l'efficacité des ressources en matière d'eau dans une entreprise ?

<p>Water Use to Revenues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de recherche un analyste ESG utilise-t-il généralement ?

<p>Recherche académique (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel aspect des droits humains est évalué par les scores ESG ?

<p>Les violations des droits humains chez les sous-traitants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels sont les types de divergences qui peuvent expliquer les différences de notations entre les agences de notation ?

<p>Divergence de poids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel indicateur environnemental mesure l'impact du CO2 produit par le ciment ?

<p>Cement CO2 Equivalent Emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel aspect peut être affecté négativement lorsqu'il s'agit de traduire des informations non financières en données financières ?

<p>La perte de nuances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est un des objectifs des initiatives ESG concernant la chaîne d'approvisionnement ?

<p>Health and Safety Improvements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qu'est-ce qu'un cas de controverse selon MSCI ?

<p>Une situation où une entreprise a un impact négatif environnemental, social, ou de gouvernance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le lien entre les initiatives ESG et les droits humains dans les entreprises ?

<p>Les entreprises doivent respecter des politiques imposées (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle cause a été mentionnée pour l'échec d'une entreprise malgré un score ESG moyen ?

<p>Échec dans la transition bas carbone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quels types d'organisations peuvent fournir des données ESG ?

<p>Les ONG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel indicateur mesure les dépenses liées à la protection de l'environnement ?

<p>Environmental Expenditures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel type de politique assure la formation des sous-traitants en matière ESG ?

<p>Supplier ESG Training Policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel défi majeur est lié à l'augmentation du nombre d'entreprises évaluées pour les scores ESG ?

<p>Une complexification des processus d'analyse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel risque peut être associé à une notation ESG qui ne saisit pas ce qui est important pour les marchés ?

<p>Une perte d'opportunités d'investissement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel score est attribué en fonction des données ESG analysées par une entreprise ?

<p>MSCI ESG Score (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel événement significatif a eu lieu concernant Nestlé récemment ?

<p>Nestlé a licencié son PDG après sept ans à son poste. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Comment les risques ESG affectent-ils les entreprises selon le contenu ?

<p>Ils nuisent aux comptes et à la valeur boursière. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qu'est-ce que Heineken a été accusé d'avoir fait en rapport avec le génocide des Tutsis en 1994 ?

<p>Avoir distribué de la bière en masse aux génocidaires. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle irrégularité liée à Heineken a été signalée au Nigeria en 2006 ?

<p>Utilisation de prostituées pour influencer les clients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel était le problème lié à l'approvisionnement en eau à Monterrey que Heineken a rencontré ?

<p>Heineken utilise des ressources en eau souterraines séparées. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle a été la réaction des autorités américaines envers Valeant Pharmaceuticals en 2015 ?

<p>Elles ont critiqué l'augmentation des prix des médicaments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quel est le lien entre Heineken et les dirigeants congolais dans les années 2000 ?

<p>Heineken a favorisé ses dirigeants en construisant une résidence de luxe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quelle est une des conséquences des scandales de santé pour l'industrie pharmaceutique ?

<p>Ils peuvent parfois nuire aux activités et aux cours des actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major regulatory development regarding ESG ratings occurred on February 5, 2024?

<p>ESG ratings will be regulated by ESMA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of double materiality signify in ESG ratings?

<p>It combines both financial and sustainability risks in the rating process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the emergence of alternative data impacted the field of ESG ratings?

<p>It has accelerated the pace and diversity of available ESG information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What requirement will ESG agencies have to specify regarding their ratings?

<p>Ratings must be in line with the Paris Agreement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do ESG analysts play in asset management?

<p>They analyze environmental, social, and governance issues to identify risks and opportunities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be true for an incident to be considered a controversy in the context of ESG ratings?

<p>It has a material financial impact on the company. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sector is noted as being the most criticized in terms of ESG controversies?

<p>Banking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT considered when scoring controversies according to rating agencies?

<p>Corporate profitability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the perceived severity of a controversy influence its scoring?

<p>It influences the assigned severity rating. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of incidents are excluded from being classified as controversies?

<p>Accusations related to legitimate business practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main criteria used to evaluate the impact of a controversy?

<p>The company's response to the incident (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the scoring of controversies?

<p>Level of public scrutiny (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for companies to avoid controversy?

<p>To enhance financial performance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data point measures the ratio of renewable energy used to total energy consumption?

<p>Total Renewable Energy To Energy Use in million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the policy for energy efficiency focus on within ESG metrics?

<p>Improving operational energy consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of the impact of emissions from cement production?

<p>Cement CO2 Equivalents Emission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of workforce management is evaluated through the salary gap indicator?

<p>Gender wage disparity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ESG data point relates to the monitoring of environmental risks in the supply chain?

<p>Resource Use Policy Environmental Supply Chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indicator assesses the training provisions for suppliers concerning ESG compliance?

<p>Workforce Supplier ESG Training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do community responsibility awards indicate within ESG evaluations?

<p>Acknowledgment of corporate social achievements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which indicator measures the ability of a company to mitigate biodiversity impacts?

<p>Biodiversity Impact Reduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the Boolean indicators regarding human rights signify?

<p>Yes/No compliance status for human rights policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ESG data point provides insight into the ratio of water usage relative to revenue?

<p>Water Use To Revenues USD in million (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant reduction in emissions is BNP Paribas asked to achieve by 2030?

<p>45% reduction in CO2 emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What legal and financial consequences did Volkswagen face due to the Dieselgate scandal?

<p>Ouster of management and $27 billion in losses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major environmental issue is often associated with the oil sector?

<p>Exclusion from investment portfolios by funds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential financial risk linked to Total in the context of the oil industry?

<p>Risk of industrial accidents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern raised by NGOs regarding BNP Paribas's carbon footprint?

<p>It exceeds the emissions of at least one other country (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ecological challenge does the Norwegian sovereign wealth fund's decision represent for oil companies?

<p>Potential risks to their stock prices due to exclusions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What outcome did BP experience in the wake of its 2010 disaster?

<p>Financial and reputational damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of BNP Paribas's operations is criticized most harshly by NGOs?

<p>Funding of non-environmentally friendly projects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did the affair have on the Canadian lab's stock price?

<p>It fell below $30. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT listed as a common controversy in the pharmaceutical industry?

<p>Workplace diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmaceutical product was implicated in fetal malformation?

<p>Depakine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of companies face controversies related to corruption according to the report?

<p>41% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main CSR risks associated with the pharmaceutical industry?

<p>False innovation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the incremental value of innovation declining over time signify for pharmaceutical companies?

<p>Diminishing returns from new products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many companies reportedly link executives' variable remuneration with CSR metrics?

<p>7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one effective measure pharmaceutical companies take to prevent corruption?

<p>Formal training and dedicated controls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact has the agri-food industry faced compared to the automotive sector?

<p>Suffered from ESG risks damaging its business model. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Heineken allegedly contribute to the events during the Rwandan genocide?

<p>By distributing industrial beer en masse. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has Heineken done in relation to water resources in Monterrey?

<p>Used groundwater supplies separate from the state's system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which incident involved Valeant Pharmaceuticals in 2015?

<p>Criticism for extreme drug price hikes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of Heineken's alleged actions in Nigeria in 2006?

<p>Allegations of using prostitutes for marketing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What recent event involving Nestlé led to a change in leadership?

<p>Sacking of their CEO after seven years in office. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a notable strategy employed by Heineken in the Congo during the 2000s?

<p>Providing luxury living conditions for political leaders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did the pharmaceutical sector face regarding health scandals?

<p>Health scandals occasionally impact their stock prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Notation ESG

Évaluation des pratiques environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance d'une entreprise, visant à évaluer les risques potentiels pour les actionnaires.

Critères ESG

Facteurs environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance pertinents pour la performance financière d'une entreprise et la gestion des risques.

Matérielité

Détermination des indicateurs ESG importants pour une entreprise ou un secteur, en considérant leur impact sur la réussite financière et la gestion des risques.

Récolte de données

Processus de collecte d'informations sur une entreprise à partir de différentes sources pour l'évaluation ESG.

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Notation

Évaluation et pondération des engagements d'une entreprise en matière d'ESG, de la mise en œuvre de ses mesures et de la performance de ses plans d'action.

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Impact financier

L'évaluation ESG porte sur les conséquences financières des problématiques ESG pour les investisseurs.

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Secteur d'activité

Un facteur important dans l'identification des questions ESG pertinentes pour une entreprise, car il existe une grande similarité entre les entreprises du même secteur.

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Matérielité d'un aspect

Un aspect est considéré comme matériel s'il peut substantiellement affecter la capacité d'une organisation à créer de la valeur à court, moyen et long terme.

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Critères ESG financièrement pertinents

Les critères environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) dont l'impact financier est significatif pour une entreprise.

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Matérielité (MSCI)

Critère utilisé pour évaluer l'importance financière des facteurs ESG dans la notation des entreprises.

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Collecte de données ESG

Processus d'acquisition d'informations concernant les performances ESG d'une entreprise.

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Imputation de données

Technique utilisée pour compléter les données ESG manquantes par des estimations fondées sur des modèles statistiques.

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Absence de métriques ESG standardisées pour les fonds PE

Il n'existe pas de liste exhaustive et standardisée de critères ESG pertinents financièrement pour les fonds d'investissement privés (PE).

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Agences de notation ESG

Des agences qui évaluent les risques environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance (ESG) des entreprises.

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Asymétrie d'information

Différence de connaissance entre l'émetteur (entreprise) et l'investisseur.

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Critères des agences de notation

Les critères utilisés pour évaluer la performance ESG d'une entreprise, pas toujours standardisés.

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Risques ESG

Risques liés à l'environnement, aux relations sociales et au fonctionnement de l'entreprise.

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Approche "single-materiality"

Évaluation ESG centrée sur les risques et opportunités affectant les résultats de l'entreprise (court, moyen, long termes).

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Approche "double-materiality"

Évaluation ESG incluant l'impact financier ET l'impact sur l'environnement et la société.

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Agences de notation de crédit

Agences qui évaluent la probabilité de faillite d'une entreprise sur un an.

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Divergence de portée

Les agences de notation ESG peuvent attribuer des notes différentes à une même entreprise en raison de la portée différente des critères ESG qu'elles prennent en compte.

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Divergence de mesure

Les agences de notation ESG peuvent mesurer les mêmes critères ESG mais utiliser des données différentes.

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Divergence de pondération

Les agences de notation ESG peuvent attribuer des niveaux d'importance différents aux différents critères ESG.

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Controverse ESG

Une controverse ESG est une situation où les opérations ou les produits d'une entreprise ont un impact négatif potentiel sur l'environnement, la société ou la gouvernance.

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ESG et performance financière

Les scores ESG ne sont pas toujours corrélés à la performance financière des entreprises.

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Impact de la complexité

La complexité de l'évaluation ESG peut entraîner une perte de nuances dans les données et des informations importantes peuvent être manquantes.

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Sources d'informations ESG

Les analystes ESG utilisent une variété de sources d'informations pour évaluer les performances ESG d'une entreprise, comme les études universitaires, les rapports de consultants et les données provenant d'organismes indépendants.

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Objectifs ESG

Les entreprises et les investisseurs ont des objectifs ESG différents, ce qui rend difficile l'harmonisation des évaluations et des notations.

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Données ESG en Private Equity

Les initiatives de données ESG (Environnementales, Sociales et de Gouvernance) dans le secteur du Private Equity.

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Score ESG MSCI

Un score qui évalue les performances ESG d'une entreprise, basé sur les données MSCI.

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Processus de Score ESG MSCI

Le processus utilisé par MSCI pour calculer les scores ESG des entreprises.

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Score ESG Refinitiv

Un score qui évalue les performances ESG d'une entreprise, basé sur les données Refinitiv.

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Données Refinitiv (points)

Données utilisées par Refinitiv pour calculer les scores ESG des entreprises.

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Suivi de la chaîne d'approvisionnement environnementale

Analyse de l'impact environnemental des processus de production d'une entreprise.

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Politique de la main-d'œuvre

Les politiques d'une entreprise concernant son personnel.

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Impact sur la biodiversité

L'influence des activités d'une entreprise sur les écosystèmes.

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Émissions de CO2 équivalent

Mesure de l'impact sur le climat de la production d'une entreprise.

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Investissements dans les dépenses environnementales

Montant investi par une entreprise en actions environnementales.

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Impact financier des risques ESG

L'influence négative que les risques ESG peuvent avoir sur la valeur des actions, les profits et la réputation d'une entreprise.

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Matérialité ESG

Les enjeux ESG les plus importants pour une entreprise, en fonction de leur impact sur la valeur financière et la gestion des risques.

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Évaluation ESG

Le processus d'évaluation de la performance d'une entreprise en termes d'ESG, en tenant compte des risques et des opportunités.

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Industrie agroalimentaire : Risques ESG

Les défis liés à l'environnement, aux conditions de travail et à la gouvernance dans le secteur agroalimentaire.

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Impact des scandales sur les entreprises pharmaceutiques

L'influence des scandales sanitaires sur la réputation, les ventes et le cours de l'action des entreprises pharmaceutiques.

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Augmentation des prix des médicaments

L'augmentation importante du prix des médicaments par les entreprises pharmaceutiques, pouvant être perçue comme abusive.

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ESG et secteur pharmaceutique

L'importance d'intégrer les considérations ESG dans le secteur pharmaceutique, en tenant compte de la sécurité, de l'éthique et de la durabilité.

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ESG Score

A numerical evaluation of a company's environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, often used by investors to assess sustainability and potential risk.

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MSCI ESG Score

An ESG score developed by MSCI, a leading provider of investment research and data, that evaluates companies based on their ESG practices.

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Refinitiv ESG Score

An ESG score provided by Refinitiv, a financial data provider, that assesses companies' ESG performance based on a unique set of data points.

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ESG Data Points

Specific metrics used to evaluate a company's ESG performance, such as water use, greenhouse gas emissions, employee diversity, and corporate governance policies.

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Resource Use

A category of ESG data points that measures how a company utilizes resources, such as energy, water, and materials, with a focus on efficiency and sustainability.

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Emissions

A category of ESG data points that assesses a company's environmental impact through greenhouse gas emissions, pollution, and other emissions.

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Workforce

A category of ESG data points that examines a company's policies and practices related to its employees, including diversity, compensation, and employee safety.

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Human Rights

A category of ESG data points that assesses a company's commitment to ethical labor practices, human rights, and social responsibility in its operations.

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Community

A category of ESG data points that evaluates a company's impact on the communities where it operates, including community engagement, investments, and social contributions.

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Data Evolution

The ongoing development and improvement of ESG data collection and reporting methods, aiming for greater accuracy, comprehensiveness, and transparency.

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What is disrupting the ESG data ecosystem?

The traditional dominance of specialized agencies in ESG data provision is being challenged by the standardization of sustainability reporting, the increasing importance of double materiality, and the rise of alternative data sources.

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What is Double Materiality?

Double materiality considers both the impact of a company on the environment and society (outward impact) and the impact of environmental and social issues on the company's financial performance (inward impact).

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ESG Analyst

Professionals who analyze and monitor environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues and trends to assess their potential opportunities and risks for portfolio companies. They scrutinize corporate strategies, news, disclosures, and sustainability reports.

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ESG Rating Regulation

Regulation aimed at enhancing transparency and accountability in ESG ratings by requiring approval from the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). This includes specifying rating methodologies, data sources, and alignment with the Paris Agreement.

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How does the new ESG regulation impact ratings?

The new regulation will mandate separate ratings for each E, S, and G factor, require transparency in methodologies and data sources, and necessitate clear statements about alignment with the Paris Agreement.

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Pharmaceutical Industry Challenges

The pharmaceutical industry faces various challenges related to high R&D costs, diminishing innovation value, increasing pressure to demonstrate product value, potential side effects, and significant marketing budgets.

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CSR Risks in Pharma

The pharmaceutical industry's business practices can lead to CSR risks such as false innovation, scientific fraud, lobbying and corruption, misleading marketing, and denial of drug side effects.

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Controversies in Pharma

The pharmaceutical sector frequently faces controversies related to product safety, customer information, anti-competitive practices, and corruption.

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Weak Response to Controversies

Companies in the pharmaceutical sector often fail to address controversies effectively, particularly regarding corruption, with limited transparency and few remedial actions.

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False Innovation

A CSR risk in the pharmaceutical industry where companies may exaggerate the benefits of their products or create artificial demand for new drugs.

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Scientific Fraud in Pharma

A CSR risk where companies may manipulate scientific data to obtain regulatory approvals or market their products.

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Lobbying and Corruption in Pharma

A CSR risk where companies may influence decision-makers through lobbying or bribes to gain advantages in regulations or prescribing practices.

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Aggressive Marketing in Pharma

A CSR risk where pharmaceuticals may employ misleading or exaggerated promotional practices to increase sales and market share.

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ESG Concerns for the Banking Sector

Banks face increasing scrutiny for their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, including accusations of supporting activities like fossil fuel financing, tax evasion, and corruption.

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The Carbon Footprint of Banks

NGOs are demanding that banks, like BNP Paribas, calculate their environmental footprint, not only for their direct operations but also for the investments they finance, as these often contribute significantly to emissions.

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Pressure on Oil Companies

Oil companies are frequently targeted for their environmental impact, with actions like divestment from investment funds and the potential for accidents. These risks can impact share prices and company reputations.

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Dieselgate: Volkswagen's Scandal

Volkswagen faced a major scandal when it was found to be manipulating emissions tests for its diesel engines. This resulted in heavy financial penalties and reputational damage.

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ESG and Financial Performance

While ESG concerns are increasingly important, their impact on a company's financial performance can be complex. There isn't always a clear correlation between high ESG scores and strong financial results.

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Data Evolution in ESG

ESG data collection and reporting are constantly evolving to become more accurate, comprehensive, and transparent. This is essential for making informed decisions about investments and sustainability.

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ESG Risks

Environmental, social, and governance factors that can negatively impact a company's financial performance and reputation.

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Heineken's Water Use

Heineken, a major beer company, drew significant amounts of water in Monterrey, Mexico, where there was a severe drought, potentially jeopardizing the city's water supply.

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Impact of Scandals on Pharma

Scandals in the pharmaceutical industry, like price gouging or safety concerns, can damage a company's reputation and financial performance.

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Valeant Pharmaceuticals Case

Valeant Pharmaceuticals faced criticism for significantly increasing the prices of its drugs, raising concerns about ethical practices and affordability.

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ESG Assessment in Pharma

Evaluating the environmental, social, and governance impacts of pharmaceutical companies to assess potential risks and opportunities.

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ESG in the Agri-food Industry

Evaluating the environmental, social, and governance aspects of companies in the food and agriculture sector, particularly in the face of increasing concerns over sustainability and ethical practices.

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Automotive Industry & Dieselgate

Dieselgate refers to a scandal where Volkswagen cheated emission tests, highlighting the need for better regulation and transparency in the automotive industry.

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Potential for ESG Risks

ESG risks are potential negative impacts related to environmental, social, and governance factors that could significantly affect a company's value and sustainability in the long term.

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What is a controversy?

A negative incident that significantly impacts a company's financial performance, such as fines, settlements, or reputational damage. It's not just criticism of legitimate business practices or general industry criticisms that don't specifically target a company.

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Why is avoiding controversy important?

Companies that are involved in controversies often face negative consequences, such as decreased sales, lower stock prices, and a damaged reputation. Ultimately, this can impact the company's financial performance and sustainability.

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ESG controversies score

A score assigned by rating agencies to assess the severity of an ESG controversy and how well a company responds to it.

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What determines a controversy's 'severity'?

The severity of an ESG controversy is measured based on factors like the number of people affected, the extent of environmental damage, the length of time the impact lasts, and the overall reputational risk to the company.

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What is the 'Social Pillar' regarding controversies?

The 'Social Pillar' focuses on how a company interacts with people and society. It is often the source of most ESG controversies.

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Why is the banking sector a major target for ESG controversies?

Banks are often criticized for financing activities that are considered harmful to the environment or society, such as fossil fuels or industries with questionable labor practices.

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What were the major issues behind Volkswagen's scandal (Dieselgate)?

Volkswagen was found to be manipulating emission tests for its diesel engines to make them appear more environmentally friendly than they actually were. This deceit ultimately led to significant fines and reputational damage for the company.

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What is the complex relationship between ESG and financial performance?

While ESG concerns are becoming increasingly important for investors, there isn't always a clear correlation between high ESG scores and high financial performance. Some companies with strong ESG practices may not always have high stock values, and vice versa.

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Study Notes

ESG Scores Overview

  • ESG scores evaluate a company's Environmental, Social, and Governance performance relative to its peers.
  • A poor ESG rating indicates higher exposure to unmanaged ESG risks.
  • Good ESG ratings showcase effective management of environmental, social, and governance risks.

ESG Financial Ecosystem

  • ESG financial ecosystem comprises a chain of financial intermediaries (issuers, rating providers, asset managers, institutional investors, and end investors).
  • Issuers include companies disclosing relevant ESG information.
  • Rating providers rate ESG issuers.
  • Asset managers construct and market ESG products like funds and ETFs.
  • Institutional investors manage assets considering ESG factors.
  • End investors are the ultimate beneficiaries of ESG investments.
  • Rules and requirements for ESG disclosure exist, including exchanges, self-monitoring entities, and regulators.
  • Ethical standards set by international bodies (OECD, UN) guide conduct and societal values.

Raw and Refined Data

  • Analyst-driven ESG research creates structured data models.
  • Data is collected, processed, and analyzed for score/rating generation.
  • Data mining and technology, including AI, plays a role in extracting signals from unstructured data.
  • Algorithms are utilized for score/rating generation.

A Complex Data Ecosystem

  • Sustainability reports, corporate governance reports, and financial statements are raw data sources used to create ESG ratings.
  • NGOs and media contribute information which may involve controversies about corporations.
  • Intermediaries (rating agencies, data providers, rankings, and indexes) transform raw data.
  • Broker/analysts and asset managers analyze ESG data and present it to investors.
  • Investors (e.g., pension funds) use this information in their investment decisions.

Data Service

  • Bloomberg launched a new data offering on their Terminal to collate ESG data from companies aligned with the EU's Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD).
  • The offering is usable via a data license for scalable enterprise-wide use.
  • Bloomberg's CSRD offering maps the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) to their existing data fields.

ESG Scores (Third-party)

  • Third-party vendors (Moody's, ISS, MSCI, Sustainalytics, S&P Global) specialize in generating ESG ratings.
  • These vendors often have unique evaluation criteria and do not follow standardized frameworks.
  • Generally, they are compensated by investors instead of issuers.

What Are ESG Scores?

  • Good ESG ratings mean a company manages environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks well compared to peers.
  • Companies get ratings based on a standardized score system (with different ranges).
  • These ratings reflect a company's exposure to risks from the ESG perspective.
  • LAGGARDS have high risks and poor management.
  • LEADERS have minimal risks and proper management.

Rating Agencies

  • Rating agencies evaluate financial market participants.
  • A standardized, comprehensive list of financially material ESG issues doesn't exist.
  • Agencies use various criteria to assess companies, causing differences in scores.
  • They consider financial materiality, which is different for each industry.
  • Financial risk and reputation are assessed.
  • Their evaluation criteria can be influenced by investor needs.

Major Rating Agencies

  • Major players (e.g., ISS ESG, MSCI ESG, Sustainalytics, Thomson Reuters, Vigeo-Eiris) offer ESG ratings.
  • Other players (e.g. Beyond Ratings, Bloomberg ESG, RobecoSAM, Refinitiv, TrueValue Labs) complete the ESG ratings landscape.
  • Specialized climate data providers (e.g., CDP, Trucost) contribute to the field.

Methodology and Data for ESG Scores

  • ESG ratings depend on materiality (identifying crucial issues).
  • Data collection ("data harvesting") from different sources is involved.
  • Multiple rating agencies often have discrepancies in ESG scores for the same company.
  • Ratings consider financial materiality across different industries and are based on specific criteria.
  • Scores consider a range of factors.

Controversies on ESG Scores

  • ESG controversies often focus on social issues.
  • Ratings are based on perceived/assessed impacts on society and companies' responses to controversies.
  • Controversies can have a significant impact on companies, and often arise from issues that may seem unrelated to the core business of the company (e.g., human rights, environment).
  • Avoiding controversy can significantly improve a company's performance (e.g., share price).

Data Evolution

  • ESG data is evolving with new needs and advancements (e.g., AI).
  • The ecosystem of ESG data providers is changing, with possible disintermediation of traditional providers due to the use of more standardised data.
  • The standardisation of sustainability reporting is a key factor in these developments.

Banking Sector

  • The Banking sector is criticised for various reasons, often linked to financial activity.
  • This criticism often involves accusations of unethical practices.

Oil Sector

  • Oil companies are currently criticized, largely related to ecological issues, during the ecological transition period of our society.
  • Investor concerns related to oil companies may create reputational and financial risks.

Pharmaceutical Sector

  • The pharmaceutical industry is criticized about its high-pricing strategies, controversial products' side effects, and the increasing cost of development.
  • There are substantial risks linked to R&D, in the industry.

Inconsistent ESG Ratings

  • Several ESG rating agencies frequently use different methodologies and weight factors, leading to inconsistent ratings.

Takeaways

  • The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly exposed to financially material ESG risks but remains profitable.
  • ESG rating agencies display differing evaluation criteria and standards with no common assessment for the sector, making the assessment for the whole industry inconsistent.
  • Many SRI portfolios seem to include pharmaceutical companies without a strong focus or reliance on their CSR and/or sustainability records.

Ratings Correlations

  • Different methodologies (divergence in issue scope, measurement and weights) produce diversified ESG scores from various ratings agencies.

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Description

Ce quiz explore le concept des scores ESG, évaluant la performance environnementale, sociale et de gouvernance des entreprises. Un bon score ESG indique une gestion efficace des risques, tandis qu'un score faible signale une exposition accrue à ces risques non gérés. Les questions portent également sur l'écosystème financier ESG et les acteurs clés impliqués.

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