APA In-text Citations Quiz

Citing Sources in Academic Writing and Presentations

• A study by Miller (1999) investigated a particular topic.
• Johnson's 2012 study found that a specific phenomenon occurred.
• According to Griffith, 30% of a particular population exhibited certain characteristics.
• Smith defines Gross National Happiness as a specific concept.
• Morrison's quote highlights the importance of a particular aspect.

Integrating Sources in Speeches and Presentations

• Victoria Dr. Sandler suggests that technology can be used to help young patients control food intake.
• Dr. Sandler's study showed that 68% of patients reported a drop in weight in three months.
• Dr. Woodstone's study found that the technology can also help 80% of participants with diabetes control weight.
• According to Hilton, the new technology can help researchers understand the patterns of weight control process.

In-Text Citations and References

• In-text citations typically appear at the beginning or end of a sentence.
• When quoting information, use double quotation marks and provide the page number.
• Example: "Oral presentations audience-friendly, should not friendly" (Mackean, 2007, p.11).
• In-text citations in APA style include the author's surname and year of publication.
• Example: (ELC PolyU, 2014, August 1).

Acknowledging Others' Work and Ideas

• Expressions to acknowledge the work or ideas of other people include:
  • Introducing common views: "It's often said…", "People today tend to believe…", "It's general knowledge that…"
  • Introducing something implied/assumed: "One implication of X's treatment of ___ is…", "It's a widely held assumption that…", "Although Y is not said directly, it is assumed…"
  • The writer argues/acknowledges/claims/demonstrates/agrees/emphasizes/questions whether/reminds/suggests/urges…

Introducing Summaries and Quotes

• Expressions to introduce summaries and quotes include:
  • "As X puts it, '_____'."
  • "According to X, '_____'."
  • "In her book, X states, '_____'."
  • Disagreeing, with reasons: "I think X is mistaken because she overlooks…", "X contradicts herself by stating A in one sentence then B in the other."

Citation Styles

• Author-prominent citations emphasize the source of the idea cited.
• Information-prominent citations focus on the idea itself.
• If the year of publication is unavailable, use 'n.d.' (‘no date’).
• Example: The availability of machine teachers or AI-based education in higher education remains uncertain at present (Della Pietra, n.d.).