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Questions and Answers
What is NOT included in a literature review according to the general structure mentioned?
What is NOT included in a literature review according to the general structure mentioned?
Which formatting detail is NOT applicable to student papers in APA style?
Which formatting detail is NOT applicable to student papers in APA style?
In the context of APA format, which title format is not suitable for a professional paper's title page?
In the context of APA format, which title format is not suitable for a professional paper's title page?
Which of the following is essential for the main body of an APA-style paper?
Which of the following is essential for the main body of an APA-style paper?
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What is the required font size for an APA formatted essay?
What is the required font size for an APA formatted essay?
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What is the correct format for labeling tables in APA style?
What is the correct format for labeling tables in APA style?
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Which statement best describes the formatting of headings in APA style?
Which statement best describes the formatting of headings in APA style?
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Where should the source of a table be cited in APA format?
Where should the source of a table be cited in APA format?
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Which of the following correctly describes the format for figures in APA?
Which of the following correctly describes the format for figures in APA?
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What is a requirement for the title of a table in APA format?
What is a requirement for the title of a table in APA format?
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In APA style, how are headings formatted at level three?
In APA style, how are headings formatted at level three?
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Which of the following resources could help with APA formatting?
Which of the following resources could help with APA formatting?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the format for parenthetical citations?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the format for parenthetical citations?
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What is a key characteristic of narrative citations?
What is a key characteristic of narrative citations?
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Which of the following is TRUE regarding the formatting of titles in a reference list?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the formatting of titles in a reference list?
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In which format should the title of a paper appear on the first page of the main body?
In which format should the title of a paper appear on the first page of the main body?
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For longer works in the reference list, how should the titles be formatted?
For longer works in the reference list, how should the titles be formatted?
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What is the requirement for the first line of each reference entry?
What is the requirement for the first line of each reference entry?
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When formatting a title that contains a colon, which capitalization rule applies?
When formatting a title that contains a colon, which capitalization rule applies?
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How should you format the title page of a professional paper?
How should you format the title page of a professional paper?
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What information does the author note generally contain?
What information does the author note generally contain?
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What spacing should be used throughout the main body of the text?
What spacing should be used throughout the main body of the text?
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Study Notes
APA Formatting and Style Guide
- APA (American Psychological Association) style is the most common format for social science manuscripts.
- APA style regulates stylistics, in-text citations, and references.
Point of View
- Use first-person pronouns ("We") instead of third-person pronouns ("The authors").
Voice
- Use active voice when emphasizing the actions of the research.
- Use passive voice when emphasizing the recipient or object of the action.
Language
- APA papers should have clear and concise language.
- Use simple, descriptive adjectives and minimize figurative language.
Types of APA Papers
-
Quantitative Articles: Report quantitative research using empirical and numerical information often analyzed through statistical means.
- Include Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion.
-
Qualitative Articles: Report qualitative research focusing on human experiences not quantifiable.
- Include Title Page, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Findings/Results, and Discussion.
-
Literature Review: Summarizes scientific literature on a particular research topic.
- Includes Introduction, Thesis Statement, Summary and Synthesis of Sources, and List of References.
- Other essay types, consult the instructor and/or APA Publication Manual.
General APA Format
- Essays should be typed, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins.
- Use 10-12pt standard font (e.g., Times New Roman).
- Print on standard-sized paper (8.5" x 11").
- Every page includes a page number in the upper right corner.
- Professional papers have a page header (shortened title, all caps) in the upper left corner.
- Essays include four major sections: Title page, Abstract, Main Body, and References.
Title Page - Student Paper
- Page header: No running head, page number flush right.
- Title: (centered) Name, academic department, course, instructor, and date.
Title Page - Professional Paper
- Page header: (Insert Page Header) Shortened title, all caps, flush left, plus page number, flush right.
- Title: (centered) Name, affiliation (university, etc.).
Author Note
- Potential elements: ORCID IDs, affiliation changes, disclosures or acknowledgments, contact information for the corresponding author.
- Omit irrelevant items.
Abstract Page
- Abstract: Centered and bolded text at the top of the page.
- Summary: 150-250 words, concise, accurate summary of the paper.
- Keywords: List keywords.
Main Body (Text)
- Number the first text page (page 3).
- Center and bold the full title of the paper at the top of the page.
- Type the text double-spaced with all sections following without breaks.
- Identify sources with either narrative or parenthetical in-text citations.
- Format tables and figures correctly.
Reference Page
- Center and bold the title "References".
- Double-space reference entries.
- Flush left the first line of each entry and indent subsequent lines.
- Order entries alphabetically by the surname of the first author.
References: Basics
- Invert authors' names (last name first, followed by initials).
- Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title, subtitle, words after colon/dash, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in hyphenated compound words.
References: Basics (cont.)
- Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
- Italicize titles of longer works (books, journals).
- Do not italicize or quote shorter works in edited collections.
Making the Reference List
- Identify the type of source (book, journal article, webpage).
- Find a sample citation in the APA guide.
- "Mirror" the sample and ensure alphabetical order, with subsequent lines indented.
In-text Citation: Basics
- In-text citations help locate cited sources.
- Use either parenthetical or narrative format.
- Parenthetical citation: Author's last name, year of publication (e.g., (Atkins, 2018)).
- Narrative citation: Author's name, year of publication (e.g., Atkins, 2018).
In-text Citation: Page Numbers
- Include page numbers in citations when the source has them.
- Parenthetical: (Atkins, 2018, p. 12).
- Narrative: Atkins (2018, p. 12).
In-text Citation: Quotations
- Introduce quotations with signal phrases.
- Include author, date, and page number in parenthetical citations.
- Include author's last name in a signal phrase and end with page number in narrative citations.
In-text Citation: Summary or Paraphras
- Follow the guidelines for parenthetical and narrative citations.
In-text Citation: Signal Words
- Use signal phrases to introduce quotations.
- Use signal verbs (e.g., acknowledged, contended).
- Use past tense or present perfect tense when discussing past events.
In-text Citation: Two or More Works
- Order citations in the same way they appear in the reference list.
- Separate works with a semicolon (Adams, 2018; Collins, 2017).
In-text Citation: Works with Two Authors
- Use "and" in narrative citations.
- Use "&" in parenthetical citations (Depietri & McPheon, 2018, p. 96).
In-text Citation: Works with 3+ Authors
- List the first author's name plus "et al." in every citation.
In-text Citation: Unknown Author
- Use the source's full title in narrative citations.
- In parenthetical citations, use the first word of the title, year (e.g., ("Here's," 2018)).
In-text Citation: Group Authors
- Mention the organization first time in the citation; use abbreviation if repeating (e.g., FDA, 2019).
- Within parentheses, place square brackets around the abbreviation (Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2019).
In-text Citation: Same Last Name
- Use first initials with last names for authors (e.g., (B. Davis, 2018; Y. Davis, 2020)).
- Use lower-case letters (a, b, c) after the year for works by the same author in the same year. (e.g., Chen's (2018a)).
In-text Citation: Personal Communication
- Include communicator's name, "personal communication," and date.
- Do not include in the reference list.
In-text Citation: No Page Numbers
Use any of these four methods in parenthetical citations:
- List the heading or section name.
- List an abbreviated heading or section name in quotations.
- List the paragraph number.
- List the heading or section name and paragraph number.
Headings
- APA uses five levels of headings.
- Specific format for each level.
Tables
- Label tables with an Arabic numeral and brief title.
- Title and label should be on separate lines, flush-left, and single-spaced.
- Cite the source below the table.
Figures
- Label figures with an Arabic numeral and brief title.
- Title and label should be on separate lines, flush-left, and single-spaced.
- Centered additional title for the figure itself above the figure.
- Cite the source below the figure.
Additional Resources
- Purdue OWL website: http://owl.purdue.edu
- Purdue Writing Lab.
- Composition textbooks.
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
- APA website: http://www.apastyle.org
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Description
This quiz covers the essential guidelines of the APA formatting and style, widely used in social science research papers. It explores rules regarding voice, point of view, and types of APA papers, including quantitative and qualitative articles. Test your understanding of clear language and proper structure within APA style.
