Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct format for indicating the publication year in a citation?

  • [Year]
  • (Year). (correct)
  • *(Year)*
  • Year

When citing a blog post, which date format should be used?

  • Depends on the source; can include year, month, day, or season (correct)
  • Year only
  • Year, month
  • Year, month, day

What is the correct capitalization style for an article title in a citation?

  • Lower case
  • All caps
  • Title Case
  • Sentence case (correct)

How should the article title be formatted in a citation?

<p>No special formatting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following journal names is correctly formatted?

<p><em>Journal of Applied Psychology</em>, (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what case should the journal name be written?

<p>Title case (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When including the journal name in a citation, which of the following is correct?

<p>Use the full journal name as it appears on the publication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the comma that follows the journal name formatted?

<p>Not italicized (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which words should always be capitalized in a journal name, regardless of length?

<p>The first word and the first word after punctuation that separates a main from a subtitle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following citation elements should be italicized?

<p>Journal name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)?

<p>To offer guidelines and best practices for scholarly writing and publishing across various disciplines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to APA style guidelines, what are the key elements to include when citing a source?

<p>Author, date, title, and publication information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between narrative and parenthetical citations in APA style?

<p>Narrative citations integrate the author's name into the sentence, while parenthetical citations place the author's name and year in parentheses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should you cite a source with two authors in a parenthetical citation according to APA style?

<p>(Author1 &amp; Author2, year) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should 'et al.' be used in an APA in-text citation?

<p>When there are three or more authors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following in-text citations is correctly formatted according to APA style for a narrative citation with one author?

<p>Smith (2020) argued that... (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Imagine you are citing a study by Jones, Brown, and Davis published in 2022. How would this be represented in a parenthetical in-text citation according to APA 7th edition?

<p>(Jones, Brown, &amp; Davis, 2022) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow a specific citation style, such as APA, in academic writing?

<p>To provide a consistent format and give credit to the original sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When referencing a journal article from an academic research database that lacks a DOI, which guideline should you follow?

<p>Omit electronic retrieval information from the reference. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When including a DOI or URL in a reference list, what is the correct formatting?

<p>Copy and paste the DOI or URL directly from your web browser without adding a period at the end. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In APA 7th edition, how should the title of a book be formatted in a reference list?

<p>In sentence case and italicized. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements should be included when referencing an online newspaper article in APA 7th edition?

<p>Newspaper title (italicized), month, and date of publication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what order are entries in a reference list typically organized, according to the provided text?

<p>Alphabetically. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in conducting a literature review?

<p>Defining and delimiting the research topic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is compiling a reference list in APA 7th edition. A source is a webpage with no listed publication date. How should the researcher handle this?

<p>Use 'n.d.' (no date) in place of the year. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element regarding volume and issue numbers should be italicized in a citation?

<p>The volume number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When including an issue number in a citation, what is the correct placement and formatting?

<p>Place it in parentheses directly after the volume number without a space, and do not italicize. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a work does not display an issue number, what modification should be made to the citation?

<p>Omit the issue number and place a comma directly after the volume number. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What punctuation is used to separate the starting and ending page numbers in a page range?

<p>An en dash (--) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the formatting of page numbers in a citation?

<p>The full page range should be included without abbreviations or special formatting. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assume you are citing an academic paper. The volume number is 15, the issue number is 2, and the paper spans pages 10-25. Which of the following is the correct format for these elements?

<p><em>15</em>(2), 10--25 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A journal article is missing an issue number. The volume is 8 and the page range is 45-60. How should this be represented in the citation?

<p><em>8</em>, 45-60 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is correctly formatted according to the guidelines?

<p><em>23</em>(4), 55-70 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a citation, what distinguishes the correct representation of a page range?

<p>The use of an en dash between the page numbers and no 'pp.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether an issue number should be included in a citation?

<p>Whether the issue number is provided in the source document. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to format a title according to the provided guidelines?

<p>The impact of social media on political discourse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is citing an article from the Journal of Applied Psychology. Which of the following represents the correct formatting for the journal name in the citation?

<p><em>Journal of Applied Psychology</em>, (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a journal article, which of the following is the primary element to include after the journal name?

<p>The DOI or URL. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an article is accessed online and does not have a DOI, what should be included in the citation?

<p>The URL of the article. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following journal title examples demonstrates correct title case capitalization?

<p><em>Studies in Higher Education</em> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are citing an article from a journal. You find the journal title on the article itself but notice it is abbreviated. According to the guidelines, what should you do?

<p>Use the abbreviated title as it appears on the article. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is preparing a reference list. They have an article with a DOI and a URL. Which should they include in the citation?

<p>Only the DOI, as it is the standard identifier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which resource is recommended for locating a DOI if it is not readily available in the article?

<p>The Crossref DOI search engine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following scenarios would you not include a URL in a citation?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow specific formatting guidelines when creating citations?

<p>To give credit to authors and allow readers to locate sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

APA Style

A widely used style for citing sources, detailed in the Publication Manual of the APA.

In-Text Citation

A brief citation within the text of a paper, using the author-date method.

Narrative Citation

A citation style where the author's name is part of the sentence, with the year in parentheses.

Parenthetical Citation

A citation style where both author and date are enclosed in parentheses.

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In-text citation format (one author)

Format: (Author's last name, year). Example: (Lee, 2016)

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In-text citation format (two authors)

Format: (Lee & Richards, year). In narrative: Lee and Richards (year)

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In-text citation format (three+ authors)

Format: (Lee et al., year). In narrative: Lee et al. (year)

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Reference List

A complete list of all sources cited in a paper, appearing at the end.

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Year of publication

Enclose the publication year in parentheses.

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Year format in citation

Use only the year for periodicals; a period follows the closing parenthesis.

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Article title case

Capitalize the first word, words after certain punctuation, and proper nouns; lowercase all other words.

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Article title formatting

Do not use italics or other formatting; end with a period.

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Journal name source

Use the full journal name as it appears on the work.

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Journal name title case

Capitalize most words, excluding short words (three letters or fewer) unless they start the title or follow punctuation.

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Journal name italics

Italicize the journal name.

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Comma after journal name

Place a comma after the journal name; this comma is not italicized.

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Sentence case definition

Sentence case means capitalizing the first word of the title, the firt word after punctuation and proper nouns.

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Title case definition

Title case means capitalizing most words.

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No DOI, Academic Database?

Omit electronic retrieval information if the article is from an academic database and lacks a DOI.

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DOI/URL Format

Copy & paste directly from the browser. Omit the final period.

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DOI/URL Intro Text

Don't add 'Retrieved from' or 'Accessed from' before the DOI or URL.

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Online Newspaper Article

Italicize the newspaper title. Include both month and date.

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Journal Article Example

Atheena Roberts and Euphrosyne Williams (2021). Implicit theories about willpower are associated with exercise levels during the academic examination period. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, 9(2), 216-231. https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000182

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Newspaper Article Example

Roberts, A. (2021, October 26). Early string times ties us to Neanderthals. The New York Times.

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Literature Review Topic

The literature you review should directly relate to your research topic and defined problem.

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Title case rules

Capitalize only the first word, words after specific punctuation (periods, question marks, colons, some dashes), and proper nouns. Lowercase all other words.

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Title formatting

Do not format the title with italics or other styling.

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Title punctuation

End the title with a period.

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Journal Name Accuracy

Use the journal name as it appears on the work itself. Do not abbreviate.

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Journal title case

Capitalize most words, but lowercase words of three letters or fewer (except first word, after punctuation, proper nouns).

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Journal Name Comma

Place a comma after the italicized journal name. The comma should not be italicized.

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DOI Importance

Include the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available.

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Finding DOIs

Use the Crossref DOI search engine to find the DOI, if needed.

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URL Usage

Include the URL if there's no DOI and you retrieved the article online (not from a database).

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Volume Number Formatting

Format the volume number of a journal by italicizing it.

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Issue Number Placement

Include the issue number of a journal article, when available, directly after the volume number in parentheses.

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Issue Number Formatting

The issue number and parentheses should not have italics or special formatting.

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Comma After Issue Number

Place a comma after the closing parenthesis of the issue number, and do not italicize the comma.

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No Issue Number Comma

If the source doesn't show an issue number, omit it and place a comma directly after the volume number.

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Page Range Inclusion

Provide the articles full page range, if using pagination.

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Page Number Formatting

Do not use any special formatting for the page numbers.

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Page Range Separator

Separate the beginning and ending numbers in the page range with an en dash(--).

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Omit Page Abbreviations

Do not use page abbreviations, such as pp. or pg. before the page numbers.

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Italicizing Volume Numbers

Italicize the volume number when citing a journal article.

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Study Notes

  • Research problem backgrounds require clear explanation.
  • Researchers should use published data to describe the background/context.
  • A clear background demonstrates the need to study the topic.
  • Creswell (2009) provided useful questions for describing a study's background.
  • The statement of a research problem has the questions a study aims to answer.

Example Statement of Problem

  • A study aims to discover the relationships of poverty with corruption and overpopulation in the Philippines
  • Research questions include:
  • What are poverty, corruption, and overpopulation?
  • How do corruption and poverty correlate?
  • What is the effect of overpopulation on the country's poverty rate?
  • How do Philippine government and nongovernmental organizations explain the relationship of poverty with corruption and overpopulation?
  • What is the government doing to alleviate poverty in the Philippines?
  • A literature review is a summary of published research and relevant works related to a researcher's topic
  • The researcher examines central issues, problems, findings, qualitative/quantitative methods from previous studies.

Finding Sources of Information

Periodicals

  • These include newspapers, social science magazines, and professional publications.
  • Examples: National Geographic, Psychology Today, Time, Newsweek, The Economist, etc.

Scholarly Journals

  • Journals are peer-reviewed/abstracted, containing research results from scientists and researchers.
  • Examples: Malay, Asian Studies, Philippine Studies, American Sociological Review, etc.
  • Articles/book reviews can contain literature review essays.
  • Scholarly journals and e-journals are accessible online and peer-reviewed.

Books

  • These contain original results or a compilation of research articles.
  • University presses like University of The Philippine Press and Ateneo De Manila University Press publish books.

Dissertations and Theses

  • These are written by graduate students, some published as books, others unpublished, found in university libraries.

Government Documents

  • Documents are published by national/local governments, government agencies, and international agencies

Policy Reports and Conference

  • These are published by government and private research institutes/policy centers.
  • Professional organizations hold annual conferences where scholarly papers are presented.

Citation - APA Style (7th Edition)

  • Citation gives credit for creative and intellectual work used to support research.
  • Citations include:
  • Author(s) name
  • Date
  • Title
  • Publisher
  • DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
  • Always cite when you use:
  • Quotes
  • Paraphrase
  • Ideas
  • Someone else's work developing your own ideas

American Psychological Association (APA) Style

  • This is frequently used to cite various sources.
  • The Publication Manual of the APA (7th ed.) has been revised and updated to reflect writing/publishing best practices.
  • APA needs 4 elements:
  • WHO (Author)
  • WHEN (Date Published)
  • WHAT (Title)
  • WHERE (Publication information).

In-Text Citation

  • Short citations used in the text use the author-date method
  • The basic format is (author’s surname or organization, year).
Two Types of In-Text Citation:
  • Narrative Citation: Integrate the author as part of the sentence with the publication year in parentheses
  • Parenthetical Citation: Include the author and publication year within parentheses

Reference List

  • A reference list entry contains the information needed to follow up on sources.
  • Four Details contained:
  • The author field
  • The publication year
  • The title (italicized or in quotation marks)
  • The source (URL, DOI, etc.)
  • Entries are arranged alphabetically by author's surname
  • Alphabetize a source with no author according to the title (ignore "A," "An," "The")
  • List multiple references by the same author in order of publication date (oldest first)

Additional Tips for Reference Lists

  • Double space
  • Avoid extra space between entries
  • Add a period at the end of all citations
  • Do not include a period for URL or DOI citations

Reference List Title Format Capitalization

  • Use sentence case when the sources are other than periodical titles like newspapers, magazines, and journals.
  • In periodical titles, capitalize all major words

Titles of books/e-books, periodicals (newspapers, journals), websites/webpages, thesis, reports, works of art...

  • Use italics and capitalize major words.
  • American Journal of Distance Education example

Article Titles will not:

  • Italicize the title of articles. Capitalize the 1st word of the title, the subtitle with proper nouns

Formatting guidelines for journal article reference entries in APA Style (7th ed)

  • Use the Journal Article Reference Checklist

Author(s)

  • List the authors' names in the same order as shown on the article's first page
  • Write the Author’s last name then a comma and then initials (no full first or middle names)
  • Use a period and a space after each initial
  • Use a comma after the initials of the initial author and before the last name of the next when listing two to twenty Authors.
  • Use “&” before the final author’s last name.
  • List the first nineteen Authors’ names, if the work has twenty-one or more authors, insert Ellipsis (...)
  • Do not use ampersand, and add the finals Author’s name
  • Check that there is a period after Author's initials

Year of publication in parentheses

  • Use the year only. Other periodicals may include a month, day, or season as well
  • Put a period after the parenthesis

Article Title Basics

  • Write the title in sentence case with capitalization for the first word, first after punctuation and proper nouns.
  • Do not use italics or other formatting.
  • Put a period at the end

Journal Name Basics

  • Use the journal name shown on the work.
  • Do not abbreviate
  • Capitalize most words, but lowercase words that are three letters or fewer, but capitalize first and words that are after punctuation
  • Italicize the journal name, place a comma after the journal name.

Volume and Issue Numbers

  • Italicize the volume number
  • Include the issue number in parentheses without spaces
  • Do not use italics or added formatting
  • Place a comma after the closing parenthesis, and if there is no issue number, omit it and do not italicize the comma after the volume number

Page Number inclusion

  • Include the full range of the article
  • Do not use italics or added formatting
  • Separate numbers by using an en dash (-)

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Test your knowledge of APA citation style, covering publication years, blog post citations, capitalization, and journal names. Learn about the core elements of APA citations and the difference between narrative and parenthetical citations.

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