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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct format for indicating the publication year in a citation?
Which of the following is the correct format for indicating the publication year in a citation?
- [Year]
- (Year). (correct)
- *(Year)*
- Year
When citing a blog post, which date format should be used?
When citing a blog post, which date format should be used?
- Depends on the source; can include year, month, day, or season (correct)
- Year only
- Year, month
- Year, month, day
What is the correct capitalization style for an article title in a citation?
What is the correct capitalization style for an article title in a citation?
- Lower case
- All caps
- Title Case
- Sentence case (correct)
How should the article title be formatted in a citation?
How should the article title be formatted in a citation?
Which of the following journal names is correctly formatted?
Which of the following journal names is correctly formatted?
In what case should the journal name be written?
In what case should the journal name be written?
When including the journal name in a citation, which of the following is correct?
When including the journal name in a citation, which of the following is correct?
How is the comma that follows the journal name formatted?
How is the comma that follows the journal name formatted?
Which words should always be capitalized in a journal name, regardless of length?
Which words should always be capitalized in a journal name, regardless of length?
Which of the following citation elements should be italicized?
Which of the following citation elements should be italicized?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
According to APA style guidelines, what are the key elements to include when citing a source?
According to APA style guidelines, what are the key elements to include when citing a source?
What is the primary difference between narrative and parenthetical citations in APA style?
What is the primary difference between narrative and parenthetical citations in APA style?
How should you cite a source with two authors in a parenthetical citation according to APA style?
How should you cite a source with two authors in a parenthetical citation according to APA style?
When should 'et al.' be used in an APA in-text citation?
When should 'et al.' be used in an APA in-text citation?
Which of the following in-text citations is correctly formatted according to APA style for a narrative citation with one author?
Which of the following in-text citations is correctly formatted according to APA style for a narrative citation with one author?
Imagine you are citing a study by Jones, Brown, and Davis published in 2022. How would this be represented in a parenthetical in-text citation according to APA 7th edition?
Imagine you are citing a study by Jones, Brown, and Davis published in 2022. How would this be represented in a parenthetical in-text citation according to APA 7th edition?
Why is it important to follow a specific citation style, such as APA, in academic writing?
Why is it important to follow a specific citation style, such as APA, in academic writing?
When referencing a journal article from an academic research database that lacks a DOI, which guideline should you follow?
When referencing a journal article from an academic research database that lacks a DOI, which guideline should you follow?
When including a DOI or URL in a reference list, what is the correct formatting?
When including a DOI or URL in a reference list, what is the correct formatting?
In APA 7th edition, how should the title of a book be formatted in a reference list?
In APA 7th edition, how should the title of a book be formatted in a reference list?
Which elements should be included when referencing an online newspaper article in APA 7th edition?
Which elements should be included when referencing an online newspaper article in APA 7th edition?
In what order are entries in a reference list typically organized, according to the provided text?
In what order are entries in a reference list typically organized, according to the provided text?
What is the initial step in conducting a literature review?
What is the initial step in conducting a literature review?
A researcher is compiling a reference list in APA 7th edition. A source is a webpage with no listed publication date. How should the researcher handle this?
A researcher is compiling a reference list in APA 7th edition. A source is a webpage with no listed publication date. How should the researcher handle this?
Which element regarding volume and issue numbers should be italicized in a citation?
Which element regarding volume and issue numbers should be italicized in a citation?
When including an issue number in a citation, what is the correct placement and formatting?
When including an issue number in a citation, what is the correct placement and formatting?
If a work does not display an issue number, what modification should be made to the citation?
If a work does not display an issue number, what modification should be made to the citation?
What punctuation is used to separate the starting and ending page numbers in a page range?
What punctuation is used to separate the starting and ending page numbers in a page range?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the formatting of page numbers in a citation?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the formatting of page numbers in a citation?
Assume you are citing an academic paper. The volume number is 15, the issue number is 2, and the paper spans pages 10-25. Which of the following is the correct format for these elements?
Assume you are citing an academic paper. The volume number is 15, the issue number is 2, and the paper spans pages 10-25. Which of the following is the correct format for these elements?
A journal article is missing an issue number. The volume is 8 and the page range is 45-60. How should this be represented in the citation?
A journal article is missing an issue number. The volume is 8 and the page range is 45-60. How should this be represented in the citation?
Which of the following is correctly formatted according to the guidelines?
Which of the following is correctly formatted according to the guidelines?
In a citation, what distinguishes the correct representation of a page range?
In a citation, what distinguishes the correct representation of a page range?
What determines whether an issue number should be included in a citation?
What determines whether an issue number should be included in a citation?
Which of the following is the correct way to format a title according to the provided guidelines?
Which of the following is the correct way to format a title according to the provided guidelines?
A researcher is citing an article from the Journal of Applied Psychology. Which of the following represents the correct formatting for the journal name in the citation?
A researcher is citing an article from the Journal of Applied Psychology. Which of the following represents the correct formatting for the journal name in the citation?
When citing a journal article, which of the following is the primary element to include after the journal name?
When citing a journal article, which of the following is the primary element to include after the journal name?
If an article is accessed online and does not have a DOI, what should be included in the citation?
If an article is accessed online and does not have a DOI, what should be included in the citation?
Which of the following journal title examples demonstrates correct title case capitalization?
Which of the following journal title examples demonstrates correct title case capitalization?
You are citing an article from a journal. You find the journal title on the article itself but notice it is abbreviated. According to the guidelines, what should you do?
You are citing an article from a journal. You find the journal title on the article itself but notice it is abbreviated. According to the guidelines, what should you do?
A student is preparing a reference list. They have an article with a DOI and a URL. Which should they include in the citation?
A student is preparing a reference list. They have an article with a DOI and a URL. Which should they include in the citation?
Which resource is recommended for locating a DOI if it is not readily available in the article?
Which resource is recommended for locating a DOI if it is not readily available in the article?
In which of the following scenarios would you not include a URL in a citation?
In which of the following scenarios would you not include a URL in a citation?
Why is it important to follow specific formatting guidelines when creating citations?
Why is it important to follow specific formatting guidelines when creating citations?
Flashcards
APA Style
APA Style
A widely used style for citing sources, detailed in the Publication Manual of the APA.
In-Text Citation
In-Text Citation
A brief citation within the text of a paper, using the author-date method.
Narrative Citation
Narrative Citation
A citation style where the author's name is part of the sentence, with the year in parentheses.
Parenthetical Citation
Parenthetical Citation
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In-text citation format (one author)
In-text citation format (one author)
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In-text citation format (two authors)
In-text citation format (two authors)
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In-text citation format (three+ authors)
In-text citation format (three+ authors)
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Reference List
Reference List
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Year of publication
Year of publication
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Year format in citation
Year format in citation
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Article title case
Article title case
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Article title formatting
Article title formatting
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Journal name source
Journal name source
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Journal name title case
Journal name title case
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Journal name italics
Journal name italics
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Comma after journal name
Comma after journal name
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Sentence case definition
Sentence case definition
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Title case definition
Title case definition
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No DOI, Academic Database?
No DOI, Academic Database?
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DOI/URL Format
DOI/URL Format
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DOI/URL Intro Text
DOI/URL Intro Text
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Online Newspaper Article
Online Newspaper Article
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Journal Article Example
Journal Article Example
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Newspaper Article Example
Newspaper Article Example
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Literature Review Topic
Literature Review Topic
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Title case rules
Title case rules
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Title formatting
Title formatting
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Title punctuation
Title punctuation
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Journal Name Accuracy
Journal Name Accuracy
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Journal title case
Journal title case
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Journal Name Comma
Journal Name Comma
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DOI Importance
DOI Importance
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Finding DOIs
Finding DOIs
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URL Usage
URL Usage
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Volume Number Formatting
Volume Number Formatting
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Issue Number Placement
Issue Number Placement
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Issue Number Formatting
Issue Number Formatting
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Comma After Issue Number
Comma After Issue Number
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No Issue Number Comma
No Issue Number Comma
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Page Range Inclusion
Page Range Inclusion
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Page Number Formatting
Page Number Formatting
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Page Range Separator
Page Range Separator
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Omit Page Abbreviations
Omit Page Abbreviations
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Italicizing Volume Numbers
Italicizing Volume Numbers
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Study Notes
- Research problem backgrounds require clear explanation.
- Researchers should use published data to describe the background/context.
- A clear background demonstrates the need to study the topic.
- Creswell (2009) provided useful questions for describing a study's background.
- The statement of a research problem has the questions a study aims to answer.
Example Statement of Problem
- A study aims to discover the relationships of poverty with corruption and overpopulation in the Philippines
- Research questions include:
- What are poverty, corruption, and overpopulation?
- How do corruption and poverty correlate?
- What is the effect of overpopulation on the country's poverty rate?
- How do Philippine government and nongovernmental organizations explain the relationship of poverty with corruption and overpopulation?
- What is the government doing to alleviate poverty in the Philippines?
Review of Related Literature: Sources
- A literature review is a summary of published research and relevant works related to a researcher's topic
- The researcher examines central issues, problems, findings, qualitative/quantitative methods from previous studies.
Finding Sources of Information
Periodicals
- These include newspapers, social science magazines, and professional publications.
- Examples: National Geographic, Psychology Today, Time, Newsweek, The Economist, etc.
Scholarly Journals
- Journals are peer-reviewed/abstracted, containing research results from scientists and researchers.
- Examples: Malay, Asian Studies, Philippine Studies, American Sociological Review, etc.
- Articles/book reviews can contain literature review essays.
- Scholarly journals and e-journals are accessible online and peer-reviewed.
Books
- These contain original results or a compilation of research articles.
- University presses like University of The Philippine Press and Ateneo De Manila University Press publish books.
Dissertations and Theses
- These are written by graduate students, some published as books, others unpublished, found in university libraries.
Government Documents
- Documents are published by national/local governments, government agencies, and international agencies
Policy Reports and Conference
- These are published by government and private research institutes/policy centers.
- Professional organizations hold annual conferences where scholarly papers are presented.
Citation - APA Style (7th Edition)
- Citation gives credit for creative and intellectual work used to support research.
- Citations include:
- Author(s) name
- Date
- Title
- Publisher
- DOI (Digital Object Identifier).
- Always cite when you use:
- Quotes
- Paraphrase
- Ideas
- Someone else's work developing your own ideas
American Psychological Association (APA) Style
- This is frequently used to cite various sources.
- The Publication Manual of the APA (7th ed.) has been revised and updated to reflect writing/publishing best practices.
- APA needs 4 elements:
- WHO (Author)
- WHEN (Date Published)
- WHAT (Title)
- WHERE (Publication information).
In-Text Citation
- Short citations used in the text use the author-date method
- The basic format is (author’s surname or organization, year).
Two Types of In-Text Citation:
- Narrative Citation: Integrate the author as part of the sentence with the publication year in parentheses
- Parenthetical Citation: Include the author and publication year within parentheses
Reference List
- A reference list entry contains the information needed to follow up on sources.
- Four Details contained:
- The author field
- The publication year
- The title (italicized or in quotation marks)
- The source (URL, DOI, etc.)
- Entries are arranged alphabetically by author's surname
- Alphabetize a source with no author according to the title (ignore "A," "An," "The")
- List multiple references by the same author in order of publication date (oldest first)
Additional Tips for Reference Lists
- Double space
- Avoid extra space between entries
- Add a period at the end of all citations
- Do not include a period for URL or DOI citations
Reference List Title Format Capitalization
- Use sentence case when the sources are other than periodical titles like newspapers, magazines, and journals.
- In periodical titles, capitalize all major words
Titles of books/e-books, periodicals (newspapers, journals), websites/webpages, thesis, reports, works of art...
- Use italics and capitalize major words.
- American Journal of Distance Education example
Article Titles will not:
- Italicize the title of articles. Capitalize the 1st word of the title, the subtitle with proper nouns
Formatting guidelines for journal article reference entries in APA Style (7th ed)
- Use the Journal Article Reference Checklist
Author(s)
- List the authors' names in the same order as shown on the article's first page
- Write the Author’s last name then a comma and then initials (no full first or middle names)
- Use a period and a space after each initial
- Use a comma after the initials of the initial author and before the last name of the next when listing two to twenty Authors.
- Use “&” before the final author’s last name.
- List the first nineteen Authors’ names, if the work has twenty-one or more authors, insert Ellipsis (...)
- Do not use ampersand, and add the finals Author’s name
- Check that there is a period after Author's initials
Year of publication in parentheses
- Use the year only. Other periodicals may include a month, day, or season as well
- Put a period after the parenthesis
Article Title Basics
- Write the title in sentence case with capitalization for the first word, first after punctuation and proper nouns.
- Do not use italics or other formatting.
- Put a period at the end
Journal Name Basics
- Use the journal name shown on the work.
- Do not abbreviate
- Capitalize most words, but lowercase words that are three letters or fewer, but capitalize first and words that are after punctuation
- Italicize the journal name, place a comma after the journal name.
Volume and Issue Numbers
- Italicize the volume number
- Include the issue number in parentheses without spaces
- Do not use italics or added formatting
- Place a comma after the closing parenthesis, and if there is no issue number, omit it and do not italicize the comma after the volume number
Page Number inclusion
- Include the full range of the article
- Do not use italics or added formatting
- Separate numbers by using an en dash (-)
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Description
Test your knowledge of APA citation style, covering publication years, blog post citations, capitalization, and journal names. Learn about the core elements of APA citations and the difference between narrative and parenthetical citations.