APA 7th Edition Referencing

• Expanding references immediately expands life.
• Tony Robbins said expanding references immediately expands life.

Techniques in Listing References

• References provide a detailed description of the information source for which credit is given via citation.
• References appear in the last section of a research paper, usually in list form.

Providing References

• References are needed when directly quoting from an author.
• References are needed when writing another person's ideas using your own words (paraphrasing).
• If you summarize someone else's ideas, references are needed.
• When data, facts, or other information are used from any source, provide a reference.
• References are needed for tables, figures, diagrams, photos, or other graphs.

References: Purpose

• References put work in context.
• They demonstrate the breadth and depth of research.
• References acknowledge other people's work.

APA 7th Edition

• The American Psychological Association (APA) updated its guidelines from the 6th to the 7th edition in 2019.

Reference Styles

• APA style is used by the American Psychological Association.
• MLA style is used by the Modern Language Association; it uses works cited.
• Turabian style is used with a bibliography.
• Reference styles allow readers to trace the sources of information used.

APA 7th Edition: Changes

• Publisher location is no longer included in references in the 7th edition.
• In-text citations for works with three or more authors are shortened from the first citation, including only the first author's name followed by "et al."
• Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) are provided in the reference entry.
• DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers) are formatted the same as URLs; the label "DOI:" is no longer necessary.
• URLs are no longer preceded by "Retrieved from," unless a retrieval date is needed, however, the website name is included.

Top Five Reasons to Use APA Style

• APA style is required for many classes.
• APA style helps credit sources and distinguish one's own ideas from others.
• APA style helps avoid accidental plagiarism.
• APA style communicates important information about sources.
• APA style renders a professional and credible look.

APA In-Text Citation Example

• The correct in-text citation for a research study titled "Construction of Cooler Made Clay and Rice Hull Mixture to Insulate Heat" by Rexes Rogelio et al., published in 2025, is (Rogelio et al., 2025).

APA Reference Example

• A reference for "Practical Research 2: Exploring Quantitative Research" by Violeta L. Jerusalem published by National Bookstore Inc. in 2023 is: Jerusalem, V.L. (2023) Practical Research 2: Exploring Quantitative Research. National Bookstore Inc.