APA 7th Edition: Reference Lists

• These study notes relate to the APA Style Guide, 7th Edition

Reference Lists

• Reference lists appear at the end of APA papers
• Lists references cited in a paper
• Most sources follow uncomplicated guidelines
• Rules for academic journals are slightly different

Basic Rules for Most Sources

• Remember the order: Who, When, What, Where; APA references are arranged this way, with some minor exceptions
• Author names are inverted, with first and middle names as initials e.g. Mohammad Jafar Iqbal becomes Iqbal, M. J.
• Lastname, F. M. is used to represent author names
• For works up to 20 authors all names are listed, divided by commas, and an ampersand (&) precedes the last author: Iqbal, M. J., Ahmed, H., & Hasan, R.
• If there are 21+ authors, insert an ellipsis after the 19th author name and add the final author's name
• Reference list entries are alphabetized by the author's last name
• List multiple articles by the same author chronologically, earliest to most recent
• For titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, and webpages, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash, and proper nouns
• Italicize longer works’ titles (books, edited collections, newspapers) but do not underline, italicize, or quote shorter works’ titles, such as chapters or essays
• If handwriting, underline titles
• Hanging indent: indent all lines after the first line of each entry one-half inch from the left margin

Basic Rules for Articles in Academic Journals

• Academic journals have special rules
• Journal titles are presented in full and italicized
• All major words in journal titles are capitalized
• The article title is not italicized or underlined

Author/Authors

• The upcoming rules apply to handling works by a single author or multiple authors, regardless of the type of work

Single Author

• List last name first, followed by author initials
• Example: Brown, E. (2013). Comedy and the feminine middlebrow novel. Pickering & Chatto.

Two Authors

• List by last names and initials, separated by a comma
• Use an ampersand (&) instead of "and"
• Example: Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next big five inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 117-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000096

Three to Twenty Authors

• List by last names and initials
• Separate author names with commas, and precede the last author name with an ampersand
• Example: Nguyen, T., Carnevale, J. J., Scholer, A. A., Miele, D. B., & Fujita, K. (2019). Metamotivational knowledge of the role of high-level and low-level construal in goal-relevant task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(5), 879-899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000166

More Than Twenty Authors

• List by last names and initials and separate author names with commas
• Use an ellipsis after the first 19 authors' names and end with the final author's name without an ampersand
• There should be no more than twenty names in the citation
• Example: Pegion, K., Kirtman, B. P., Becker, E., Collins, D. C., LaJoie, E., Burgman, R., Bell, R., DelSole, R., Min, D., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Sinsky, E., Guan, H., Gottschalck, J., Metzger, E. J., Barton, N. P., Achuthavarier, D., Marshak, J., Koster, R.,... Kim, H. (2019). The subseasonal experiment (SubX): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(10), 2043-2061. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0270.1

Group Author

• Group authors include corporations, government agencies, organizations, etc, and a group may publish with individuals
• Treat the publishing group the same way you'd treat the author's name and format the rest of the citation as normal
• Give the full name of the group author in the reference list, but abbreviations can be used in the text
• Entries in reference works (dictionaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias) without credited authors are group authors
• Example: Merriam-Webster. (2008). Braggadocio. In Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
• When a work has multiple layers of group authorship (e.g., The Office of the Historian, part of the Department of State), list the most specific agency as the author and the parent agency as the publisher
• Example: Bureau of International Organization Affairs. (2018). U.S. contributions to international organizations, 2017 [Annual report]. U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/u-s-contributions-to-international organizations/

Unknown Author

• Move the title of the work to the beginning followed by the publication date if the work doesn't have an author
• Use "Anonymous" if the author is signed "Anonymous”
• Example: Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003). Merriam-Webster.

Two or More Works by the Same Author

• Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year, with earliest coming first
• List references with no dates before references with dates
  • Example:
    • Urcuioli, P. J. (n.d.).
    • Urcuioli, P. J. (2011).
    • Urcuioli, P. J. (2015).
• When an author appears both as a sole author and, in another citation, as the first author of a group, list the one-author entries first
• Examples:
  • Agnew, C. R. (Ed.). (2014). Social influences on romantic relationships: Beyond the dyad. Cambridge University Press.
  • Agnew, C. R., & South, S. C. (Eds.). (2014). Interpersonal relationships and health: Social and clinical psychological mechanisms. Oxford University Press.
• References that have the same first author and different second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the second author, or the last name of the third if the first and second authors are the same
  • Examples:
    • Arriaga, X. B., Capezza, N. M., Reed, J. T., Wesselman, E. D., & Williams, K. D. (2014). With partners like you, who needs strangers?: Ostracism involving a romantic partner. Personal Relationships, 21(4), 557-569.
    • Arriaga, X. B., Kumashiro, M., Finkel, E. J., VanderDrift, L. E., & Luchies, L. B. (2014). Filling the void: Bolstering attachment security in committed relationships. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 5(4), 398-405.

Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year

• Check for more specific dates if there is more than one reference by the same author published in the same year
• List works with just a year before works with a specific date
• List specific dates chronologically
• If two works share the same publication date, organize them in the reference list alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter
• For references with the same date identified as parts of a series (e.g. Part 1 and Part 2), list in order of their place in the series, and assign letter suffixes to the year; refer to these sources as they appear in your reference list, e.g.: "Berndt (2004a) makes similar claims..."
  • Examples:
    • Berndt, T. J. (2004a). Children’s friendships: Shifts over a half-century in perspectives on their development and their effects. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 50(3), 206-223.
    • Berndt, T. J. (2004b). Friendship and three A’s (aggression, adjustment, and attachment). Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 88(1), 1-4.

Introductions, Prefaces, Forewords, and Afterwords

• Cite the publishing information about a book as usual
• Cite Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword (whatever title is applicable) as the chapter of the book
• Example: Lang, J. M. (2018). Introduction. In G. Dujardin, J. M. Lang, & J. A. Staunton (Eds.), Teaching the literature survey course (pp. 1-8). West Virginia University Press.

Articles in Periodicals

• Describes the most cited periodical sources

Basic Form

• Authors are named with their last name followed by initials
• Publication year is in parentheses and followed by a period
• Article title is in sentence-case, with only the first word and proper nouns are capitalized
• The periodical title is in title case, followed by the volume number (also italicized)
• Include a DOI if assigned to the article; if not assigned, use the URL of the website
• Template: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy

Article in Print Journal

• Example: Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13.
• APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available); previous example assumes no DOI

Article in Electronic Journal

• Include a DOI if the article has one
• Example: Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement, 6(1), 11– 16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979
• Use a URL if DOIs not available, preferably stable URLs that function similarly to DOIs
• Example: Lehmann, W. (2009). University as vocational education: Working-class students’ expectations for university. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 30(2), 137- 149. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40375414

Article in a Magazine

• Example: Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135(17), 20–21.
• For magazine and newspaper articles lacking author names, start with the title
• Example: Better late than never. (1990, April). Time, 135(17), 20–21.

Article in a Newspaper

• Example: Schultz, S. (2005, December). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, 1A.
• Skip the author's name and begin with the title if the author is uknown
• Example: Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. (2005, December). The Country Today, 1A.

Review

• Template: Reviewer’sLastname, F. (Year). Title of review [Review of media Title of media, by F. Author’sLastname]. Title of publication, volumenumber(issuenumber), pages.
• Example: Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-knower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology, 38(5), 466–467.
• Reviews posted on websites
• Example: Bell, M. S. (2006, December 31). Are you my mother? [Review of the book Let the northern lights erase your name, by V. Vida]. The New York Times Book Review, https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/31/books/review/Bell.t.html?ref=review
• Film or video reviews
• Template: Reviewer’sLastname, F. (Year). Title of review [Review of the film Name of film, by F. Director’sLastname, Dir.]. Title of publication, volumenumber(issuenumber), pages
• Example: Schickel, R. (2006). The power of Babel [Review of the film Babel, by A. G. Iñarritu, Dir.]. Time, 168(18), 70.
• Simply provide the URL if the review is from an online source

Books

• Most cited print book sources (e-books covered in Electronic Sources section)

Basic Format for Books

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher Name.
• Example: Stoneman, R. (2008). Alexander the Great: A life in legend. Yale University Press.

Edited Book, No Author

• Template: Editor, E. E. (Ed.). (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Publisher.
• Example: Leitch, M. G. & Rushton, C. J. (Eds.). (2019). A new companion to Malory. D. S. Brewer.

Edited Book with an Author or Authors

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher.
• Example: Malory, T. (2017). Le morte Darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70)

Translation

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR)
• Example: Jonasson, J. (2015). Hitman Anders and the meaning of it all (R. Willson, Trans.). Harper Collins. (Original work published 2014)

Edition Other Than the First

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher.
• Example: Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher.
• When listing chapter/essay pages in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21)
• List any edition number in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, separated by a comma: (2nd ed., pp. 66-72)
• Example: Armstrong, D. (2019). Malory and character. In M. G. Leitch & C. J. Rushton (Eds.), A new companion to Malory (2nd ed., pp. 144-163). D. S. Brewer.

Multivolume Work

• Template: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (Vol. #). Publisher.
• Example: David, A., & Simpson, J. (Eds.). (2006). The Norton anthology of English literature: The Middle Ages (Vol. 8). W. W. Norton and Company.

Other Print Sources

• Lists of uncommon print sources

Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author

• Template: Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher name.
• Example: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. (1997). Goat. In Merriam Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed., pp. 499-500). Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (Ed.), Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher.
• Example: Tatum, S. R. (2009). Spirituality and religion in hip hop literature and culture. In T. L. Stanley (Ed.), Encyclopedia of hip-hop literature (pp. 250-252). Greenwood.

Dissertation Abstract

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation. Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol., Page.
• Example: Angeli, E. L. (2012). Networks of communication in emergency medical services. Dissertation Abstracts International, 74, 03(E).

Dissertation or Master’s Thesis, Published

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database or Archive Name.
• Example: Angeli, E. L. (2012). Networks of communication in emergency medical services (Publication No. 3544643) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
• Include the URL of the site where the document is located if the dissertation or thesis is not published in a database

Dissertation or Master’s Thesis, Unpublished

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master’s thesis]. Name of Institution Awarding the Degree.
• Example: Samson, J. M. (2016). Human trafficking and globalization [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Report by a Government Agency or Other Organization

• Template: Organization Name. (Year). Title of report. URL.
• Example: United States Government Accountability Office. (2019). Performance and accountability report: Fiscal year 2019. https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/702715.pdf

Report by Individual Authors at Government Agency or Other Organization

• Template: Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of report. Organization Name. URL.
• Example: Palanker, D., Volk, J., Lucia, K., & Thomas, K. (2018). Mental health parity at risk: Deregulating the individual market and the impact on mental health coverage. National Alliance on Mental Illness. https://www.nami.org/About NAMI/Publications-Reports/Public-Policy-Reports/Parity at-Risk/ParityatRisk.pdf

Conference Proceedings

• Template: Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Eds.). (Year). Title of Proceedings. Publisher. URL (if applicable)
• Example: Huang, S., Pierce, R., & Stamey, J. (Eds.). (2006). Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM international conference on the design of communication. ACM Digital Library. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1166324&picked=prox

Electronic Sources

• Include publishing year, month, and date for web-based/electronic sources
• If month and date aren't available, use the publishing year
• "Retrieved from" is no longer required before URLs

Webpage or Piece of Online Content

• Cite the author's name first, if the page lists an individual author
• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
• Example: Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist 3af27e312d01
• Use the name of the group/organization as the author if the resource was written by one
• Omit the site name if the author and site name are the same
  • Template: Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
  • Example: American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed over-40-dogfighting-victims
• Start with the title if the page's author is not listed
• Include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over time
  • Template: Title of page. (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
  • Example: Tuscan white bean pasta. (2018, February 25). Budgetbytes. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from https://www.budgetbytes.com/tuscan-white-bean-pasta/
• Use "(n.d.)" if the publication date isn't listed
• Template: Author or Group name. (n.d.). Title of page. Site name (if applicable). URL
• Example: National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). Mental health conditions. https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental Health-Conditions

Wikipedia Article

• Template: Title of article. (Year, Month Date). In Wikipedia. URL of archived version of page Quantum mechanics. (2019, November 19). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_mecha n ics&oldid=948476810
• The date refers to the publication date of the cited version of the page
• Link to the archived version
• Access the archived version by clicking "View History," then clicking date/timestamp

Newspaper Article

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Publication. URL Example: Richards, C. (2019, December 9). Best music of 2019: Lana Del Rey sings lullabies about the end of America. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/best music-of-2019-lana-del-rey-sings-lullabies-about-the-end of-america/2019/12/06/6e82c5ec-15d8-11ea-a659- 7d69641c6ff7_story.html

Electronic or Kindle Books

• Noting that you've used an eBook or audiobook isn't necessary when the content mirrors the physical book
• You should distinguish between the eBook/audiobook and print version if the content differs/is abridged or if you cite the narrator
  • Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. URL
  • Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (N. Narrator, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Publisher. URL (if applicable)

Dissertation/Thesis from a Database

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.
• Example: Duis, J. M. (2008). Acid/base chemistry and related organic chemistry conceptions of undergraduate organic chemistry students. (Publication No. 3348786) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author

• Note: Online dictionaries, thesauruses, and encyclopedias may be continuously updated and lack publication dates
• Use "n.d." for the date and include the retrieval date in the citation
  • Template: Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work. URL
  • Example: Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Braggadocio. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved January 13, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/braggadocio

Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (ed.), Title of reference work (edition). Publisher. URL or DOI
• Example: Martin, M. (2018). Animals. In L. A. Schintler & C. L. McNeely (Eds), Encyclopedia of big data. SpringerLink. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_7-1< Skip the edition if the dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia lacks one

Data Sets

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group (Year). Title of dataset (Version No.) [Data set]. Publisher. DOI or URL
• Example: Grantmakers in the Arts. (2019). Arts funding trends, United States, 1994-present (ICPSR 37337) [Data set]. National Archive of Data on Arts & Culture. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NADAC/studies/37337

Graphic Data (e.g. Interactive Maps, Infographics, and Others)

• Begin with the name of the organization/individual, the date, and the title
• If lacking a title, indicate the data type/form in brackets
• Include URL/retrieval date if there's no publication date
• Example: HatchMed. (2017). 8 ways to improve patient satisfaction [Infographic]. HatchMed.com. https://www.hatchmed.com/blog/2017/1/30/8-ways-to improve-patient-satisfaction
• If no publication date Example: Google. (n.d.). [Google Map of Purdue University]. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://www.google.com/maps/@40.4237095,-86.9233886,17z

Qualitative Data and Online Interviews

• If the interview transcript is published in an online periodical, like a magazine, cite the interview the same way you would cite the medium where it is published Example: Schulman, M. (2019, December 8). Peter Dinklage is still punk rock. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker interview/peter-dinklage-is-still-punk-rock
• Credit the interviewee as the author and use following model if the resource is a database audio file/transcript : Paynter, W. (1970, September 17). Interview with Will Paynter [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/interview-will paynter

Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides

• Put the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. PowerPoint slides, Word document)
• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc]. Publisher. URL Example: Smith, C. (2017, October 13). AI and machine learning demystified [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/carologic/ai-and-machine learning-demystified-by-carol-smith-at-midwest-ux-201 7

Computer Software/Downloaded Software

• Omit all common office software (e.g. Word, Excel) or programming languages
• Cite specialized software only - Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year). Title of software (Version No.). Publisher. URL - Example: Maplesoft. (2019). Maple companion (Version 2.1.0). Cybernet Systems Co. https://www.maplesoft.com/products/MapleCompanion/

Email

• Emails aren't included in the list of references
• Parenthetically cite them in your main text: (F. Lastname, personal communication, January 4, 2001)

Online Forum or Discussion Posting

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of post [Online forum post]. Publisher. URL
• Example: Stine, R. L. [RL_Stine]. (2013, October 23). I’m R.L. Stine and it’s my job to terrify kids. Ask me anything! [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1p32dl/
• If there is no real name given use the username only

Tweet

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Tweet]. Site Name. URL
• Example: Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2020, April 14). Dreamers have contributed so much to our country, and they are risking their lives fighting on the frontlines of this pandemic… [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/BarackObama/status/12497597491025469 4 6
• Tweets including images, videos, or links should indicate them in brackets after the content description, try to replicate emojis if possible

Twitter Profile

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL.
• Example: MLA Style [@mlastyle]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://twitter.com/mlastyle

Facebook Post

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL
• Posts that include images, videos, or links to other sources should indicate the inclusion in brackets after the description - try to replicate emojis
• Example: U.S. Department of the Interior. (2020, January 10). Like frosting on a cake, snow coats and clings to the hoodoos at Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/USInterior/photos/a.155163054537384/2586475451406120/?type=3&theater

Facebook Page

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
• Example: Little River Canyon National Preserve (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 12, 2020 from https://www.facebook.com/lirinps/

Instagram Photo or Video

• Template: Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL
• Example: BBC [@bbc]. (2020, January 12). Skywatchers have been treated to the first full moon of 2020-known as a “wolf moon”-at the same time as a [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B7OkWqbBwcf/

Blog Post

• Template: Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of post. Publisher. URL Example: Axelrod, A. (2019, August 11). A century later: The Treaty of Versailles and its rejection of racial equality. Code Switch, NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/742293305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its rejection-of-racial-equality

YouTube or other Streaming Video

• Template: Last Name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video]. Streaming Service. URL
• Example: Lushi, K. [Korab Lushi]. (2016, July 3). Albatross culture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AMrJRQDPjk&t=148s
• The person/group uploading is considered the author
• Omit the [Username] if the author's name is the username -Example: Brownlee, M. (2019, February 12). Talking tech & saving the world with Bill Gates! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4mxXdCUXSSs

Ted Talk

-Template: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of talk [Video]. TED. URL

• Example: Al-Mutawa, N. (2010, July). Superheroes inspired by Islam [Video]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/naif_al_mutawa_superheroes_ins pired_by_islam#t-4909
• If the resource is on YouTube
• Template: Username. (Year, Month Date). Title of talk [Video]. YouTube. URL
• Example: Tedx Talks. (2011, Nov. 15). TEDxHampshireCollege - Jay Smooth - How I learned to stop worrying and love discussing race [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbdxeFcQtaU

Audiovisual Media

• This media contains audio or visuals, or both

Film or Video

• Template: Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company. Example: Loyd, P. (Director). (2008). Mamma mia! [Film]. Universal Pictures.

Film or Video in Another Language

• Template: Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture in original language [Translated title] [Film]. Production company.
• Example: Del Toro, G. (Director). (2006). El laberinto del fauno [Pan’s labyrinth] [Film]. Warner Bros. Pictures.

TV Series

• Template: Executive Producer, P. P. (Executive Producer). (Date range of release). Title of series [TV series]. Production company(s).
• Example: Sherman-Palladino, A., Palladino, D. (Executive Producers). (2017-present). The marvelous Mrs. Maisel [TV series]. Amazon Studios.

TV Series Episode

• Template: Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number,