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Questions and Answers
What is the time period focused on in AP World History Unit 1?
Circa 1200 to 1450
Define a state as referred to in AP World History.
A territory politically organized under a single government.
Which dynasty did the Chinese belong to during the time period of AP World History Unit 1?
Song Dynasty
What were the two main methods used by the Song Dynasty to maintain and justify its rule?
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What were the main principles emphasized by Confucianism during the Song Dynasty?
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What was the purpose of seeking to rid Confucian thought of Buddhist influence?
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What was the emphasis of filial piety in Confucianism during the Song Dynasty?
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How did women fare in terms of education and social rights during the Song Dynasty?
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What are the components of the AP World History Heimler Review Guide?
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Why is the Song Dynasty significant in AP World History Unit 1?
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What were the major civilizations around the world during the time period of AP World History Unit 1?
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What were the ruling years of the Song Dynasty in China?
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What was the purpose of civil service examinations in the Imperial Bureaucracy of the Song Dynasty?
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Which agricultural innovation led to increased food production and population growth during the Song Dynasty?
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How did the Song Dynasty influence neighboring regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam?
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What were the core tenets emphasized by Buddhism during the Song Dynasty?
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What was the role of the Song Dynasty in state building in China?
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What characterized the Aztec Empire's system of tribute states?
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How was the Inca Empire's labor system known?
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What was the primary focus of the Swahili Civilization in East Africa?
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What were the major centers of population in the Americas by 1200?
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What characterized European society during the period discussed in the text?
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What led to the centralization of states and the weakening of the nobility's power in Europe around 1000 CE?
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What characterized the Great Zimbabwe in East Africa?
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Study Notes
- Steve Heimler, the speaker, is a guide for AP World History students studying for Unit 1 exam, focusing on the time period Circa 1200 to 1450 and major civilizations around the world.
- A state, as referred to in AP World History, is a territory politically organized under a single government.
- The Chinese during this period are known as the Song Dynasty, ruling from 960 to 1279.
- This video is part of a larger resource called the AP World History Heimler Review Guide, which includes whole unit review videos, note guides, practice multiple choice questions, practice exams, and answer keys.
- The Song Dynasty is significant in Unit 1 as it represents a state, i.e., a territory politically organized under one government.- The Song Dynasty ruled China from around the 10th to the 13th century.
- The main question is how the Song Dynasty maintained and justified its rule.
- Two main methods were used: emphasizing Confucianism and expanding the Imperial bureaucracy.
Confucianism:
- Emphasized hierarchical society with prescribed roles for everyone.
- Seeking to rid Confucian thought of Buddhist influence, resulting in "new Confucianism."
- Stressed filial piety, emphasizing the necessity and virtue of children obeying parents and ancestors.
- Women had limited access to education, endured social restrictions including foot binding, and lost legal rights.
Imperial Bureaucracy:
- A government entity arranged in a hierarchical fashion that carried out the will of the emperor.
- Civil service examinations were used to earn jobs, allowing the most qualified people to serve.
- The economy flourished, with significant population growth and commercialization.
- Agricultural innovations like the introduction of Champa rice led to increased food production and population growth.
Influence on Neighboring Regions:
- The Song Dynasty influenced neighboring regions like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.
- Each adopted similar civil service examinations and bureaucratic structures.
- Buddhism also spread to these regions, adapting to local cultures.
Role of Buddhism:
- Buddhism originated in India and spread to China before the Song Dynasty.
- It emphasized the four noble truths and the Eightfold Path.
- Different forms of Buddhism emerged, such as Mahayana, which encouraged broader participation.
State Building in Song China:
- The Song Dynasty inherited prosperity and population growth from previous dynasties.
- Commercialization of the economy led to population explosion and increased trade.
- Innovations in agriculture and transportation facilitated economic growth.- The text discusses various civilizations and their state-building processes from different parts of the world.
- Majapahit was a powerful Buddhist kingdom located on an island in Southeast Asia, known for controlling sea routes for trade.
- The Khmer Empire was originally a Hindu kingdom but later converted to Buddhism, with the Angkor Wat structure showcasing both belief systems.
- In the Americas, by 1200, the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations were the major centers of population.
- The Aztec Empire was founded in 1345 by the Meshika people and had a large capital city, Tenochtitlan, and an aggressive expansion program.
- The Aztecs created a system of tribute States where conquered people were required to provide labor and goods.
- The Inca Empire, founded in the early 1400s, was highly centralized with an elaborate bureaucracy and the "Midas system" for labor requirements.
- The Mississippian culture in North America grew around the Mississippi River Valley and was known for its monumental mounds and agriculture.
- The Swahili Civilization in East Africa was organized around commerce and became deeply influenced by Muslim Traders.
- In West Africa, there were powerful and centralized civilizations like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, which grew due to trade and later adopted Islam.
- The Great Zimbabwe in East Africa was a powerful state that grew economically through trade and agriculture while maintaining their indigenous shamanistic religion.
- Ethiopia was a Christian state in Africa that flourished due to trade with other Mediterranean and Arabian Peninsula states.
- Europe was dominated by Christianity during this period, with two different versions, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic.
- Europe was politically decentralized and organized around feudalism, a system where Lords and Kings gained allegiance from lesser Lords and Kings.
- European society and economics were organized around manors, and peasants were bound to the land and lived there in exchange for protection.
- Monarchs began to grow in power around 1000 CE, leading to the centralization of States and the weakening of the nobility's power.
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Description
Prepare for the AP World History Unit 1 exam covering the time period Circa 1200 to 1450 and major civilizations around the world. Explore the ruling methods of the Song Dynasty, influence on neighboring regions, role of Buddhism, and state-building processes across different parts of the world.
