A&P - Urinary System Chapter 18 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the outer region of the kidney?

Renal Cortex

What is the inner region of the kidney?

Renal Medulla

What are cone-shaped sections in the kidney's interior called?

Renal pyramids

What structures divide the interior of the kidney into cone-shaped sections?

Renal columns Signup and view all the answers

What structure becomes the ureter?

Renal Pelvis Signup and view all the answers

What structures converge to form the renal pelvis?

Major calyx Signup and view all the answers

What is the slit on the concave side of the kidney called?

Hilum Signup and view all the answers

Where is the kidney located?

Posterior abdomen wall and underneath the twelfth rib Signup and view all the answers

What is the filtration unit of the kidney?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the adipose tissue surrounding the kidneys?

Protects the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Where are the nephrons of the kidney located?

Outer region of the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the peritubular capillaries?

Pick up water solutes, reabsorbed by the renal tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Bowman's capsule?

Collects fluid filtered out of the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal tubule?

Series of tube-like structures that lead away from the glomerulus Signup and view all the answers

Describe the flow of filtrate as it leaves Bowman's capsule.

Flows into the proximal tubule on the other side of the capsule Signup and view all the answers

Urine is formed from what substance?

Blood plasma Signup and view all the answers

What factor drives filtration in the glomerulus?

Pressure gradient Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of the presence of protein in urine?

Diseases damage the endothelium of the glomerular capillaries Signup and view all the answers

A decline in blood pressure causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete?

Enzyme renin Signup and view all the answers

Aldosterone causes an increase or decrease of urine output?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

Most of the water, electrolytes, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the?

Proximal convoluted tubules Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the kidneys plays a role in acid-base balance?

Distal convoluted tubule Signup and view all the answers

Decreased levels of _____________ triggers the secretion of aldosterone.

Nat(sodium) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

Water diffuses Signup and view all the answers

Which structural characteristic of the proximal convoluted tubule enhances its role in tubular reabsorption?

Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

How much of the fluid filtered by both kidneys is reabsorbed by the body?

99 percent Signup and view all the answers

How does high blood pressure damage kidneys?

Systemic hypertension pushes the normally high glomerular pressure even higher causing the possibility of the glomerular capillaries to burst, causing scarring Signup and view all the answers

What are NOT the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

Increase in blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is normally found in urine?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

Where is the micturition center located?

Pons Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kidney Structure and Regions

Renal Cortex: The outer area of the kidney where the nephrons are located.
Renal Medulla: The inner part of the kidney, consisting of renal pyramids and renal columns.
Renal Pyramids: Cone-shaped structures within the renal medulla that play a role in urine formation.
Renal Columns: Extensions of the renal cortex that separate the renal pyramids.
Renal Pelvis: Central collecting region that funnels urine into the ureter.
Major Calyx: Structures that converge to form the renal pelvis, collecting urine from the renal pyramids.
Hilum: Entry and exit point on the kidney's concave side for blood vessels, ureter, and nerves.

Kidney Location and Protection

Kidneys are located on the posterior abdominal wall, beneath the twelfth rib.
Adipose tissue surrounds the kidneys, providing cushioning and protection.

Nephrons and Filtration

Nephron: The kidney's functional unit responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Nephrons reside in the outer region of the kidney.
Filtration in the glomerulus occurs due to a pressure gradient.
Bowman's Capsule: Captures filtered fluid from the glomerulus and channels it into the proximal tubule.
Renal Tubule: Series of tube-like structures conducting filtrate away from the glomerulus.

Urine Formation Process

Urine is primarily formed from blood plasma.
Flow of filtrate: Begins in Bowman's capsule, moves to the proximal tubule.
Peritubular capillaries play a key role in reabsorbing water and solutes processed by renal tubules.
99% of filtered fluid is reabsorbed by the kidneys.

Hormonal Regulation and Urine Output

Juxtaglomerular cells release renin in response to low blood pressure.
Aldosterone: Hormone that decreases urine output by promoting sodium and water retention.
A decrease in sodium levels triggers aldosterone secretion.

Renal Tubule Functionality

Most electrolytes, water, and nutrients are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules via active transport and via microvilli to enhance absorption efficiency.
The distal convoluted tubule is crucial for acid-base balance.
In the descending limb of the loop of Henle, water is reabsorbed through diffusion.

Effects of Blood Pressure on Kidneys

High blood pressure can damage kidneys by increasing glomerular pressure, risking capillary rupture and scarring.

Urinary Composition and Regulation

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) does not increase blood pressure.
Normal urine composition: Glucose and other metabolites found under typical conditions.
Micturition center is located in the pons, responsible for regulating urination.

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Description

Study the key terms and definitions related to the urinary system in Chapter 18 of Anatomy & Physiology. This quiz includes important components like the renal cortex, renal medulla, and other vital structures of the kidney. Enhance your understanding and retention of the material with these flashcards.