AP Stats Exam Flashcards

Acronyms for AP Statistics

• SOCS is used to describe or compare a distribution.
• SOCS stands for:
  • Shape: Identify the overall shape of the distribution (e.g., normal, skewed).
  • Outliers: Determine any outliers that may affect analysis.
  • Center: Find the measure of central tendency (mean, median).
  • Spread: Assess the variability or spread of the data (range, interquartile range).

Relationships in Scatter Plots

• DUFS is the acronym for describing relationships from a scatter plot with 2 variables.
• DUFS stands for:
  • Direction: Note whether the relationship is positive or negative.
  • Unusual Features: Identify any outliers or clusters that may impact the correlation.
  • Form: Recognize if the relationship is linear or nonlinear.
  • Strength: Assess the strength of the relationship (weak, moderate, strong).

Recognizing Binomial Distributions

• BINS is an acronym used to identify if a distribution is binomial.
• BINS stands for:
  • Binary: Each trial results in one of two possible outcomes.
  • Independent: Trials are independent of each other.
  • Number of trials fixed: The number of trials conducted is predetermined.
  • Some probability: Each trial has a constant probability of success.

Describing Binomial Distributions

• SCV is the acronym used to describe the characteristics of a binomial distribution.
• SCV stands for:
  • Shape: The overall shape of the binomial distribution curve.
  • Center: The mean is calculated using the formula (mean = np).
  • Variability: The standard deviation is given by the formula (SD = \sqrt{np(1-p)}).

Statistical Measurement Concepts

• The formula for a z-score is (Z = \frac{(X - μ)}{σ}), which standardized data points based on the mean and standard deviation.
• A sample distribution represents data from only one sample set.
• A sampling distribution represents data from multiple sample sets, reflecting the distribution of sample statistics.
• An ideal statistic possesses low bias and low variability, ensuring accurate and reliable results.