A&P: Skeletal System - Bone Tissue Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is bone made up of?

Several different tissues including bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, blood-forming tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.

What function do bones serve in supporting the body?

Bones support the soft tissues and provide attachment sites for muscles.

How do bones protect the body?

Many internal organs are protected by bony coverings.

In what way do bones assist in movement?

Bones assist skeletal muscles to produce movement. Signup and view all the answers

What minerals are primarily stored in bones?

Calcium and phosphorus. Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in the red marrow of bones?

Hematopoiesis (blood cell formation). Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of yellow marrow in adult bones?

It serves as a site of triglyceride storage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of bone tissue?

Widely separated cells surrounded by large amounts of matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What do osteogenic cells develop into?

Osteoblasts. Signup and view all the answers

What are osteoblasts responsible for?

Bone deposition and secreting collagen and other organic components. Signup and view all the answers

What do osteocytes do?

They are mature bone cells that live in the matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoclasts?

They break down bone tissue and destroy the matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What components are found in the matrix of bone?

Inorganic salts (primarily calcium phosphate), calcium carbonate, and collagen fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is compact bone arranged in?

Units called osteons or Haversian systems. Signup and view all the answers

What does spongy bone consist of?

Trabeculae surrounding many red marrow-filled spaces. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main parts of a typical long bone?

Diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphyses, epiphyseal plate, hyaline cartilage, periosteum, marrow cavity, endosteum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

The shaft of the long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are epiphyses?

The ends of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What are metaphyses?

The areas between the epiphysis and diaphysis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hyaline cartilage at the ends of bones?

To reduce friction and absorb shock at freely movable joints. Signup and view all the answers

What is the periosteum?

A connective tissue covering of the surface of the bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the marrow cavity of a long bone?

Fatty yellow bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What does the endosteum do?

Lines the marrow cavity and contains osteogenic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of periosteal arteries?

They pass through Volkmann's canals to supply the outer compact bone region. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nutrient artery supply?

It supplies nutrients to the bone. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Bone Tissue

Bone consists of various connective tissues: bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, epithelium, blood-forming tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue.
Each bone is classified as an organ; together, bones and cartilage form the skeletal system.

Functions of Bones

Support: Bones provide structural framework for the body, supporting soft tissues and offering muscle attachment sites.
Protection: Bones encase and protect vital internal organs from injury.
Movement: Bones work with skeletal muscles to facilitate body movements.
Mineral Storage: Act as a reservoir for minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorus, aiding in mineral homeostasis.
Hematopoiesis: Blood cell formation occurs within the red marrow of bones.
Energy Storage: Adipose yellow marrow in adult bones serves as a triglyceride storage site.

Histology of Bone Tissue

Bone tissue, or osseous tissue, features widely separated cells embedded in extensive matrix.

Types of Bone Cells

Osteogenic Cells: Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts, found in the endosteum and periosteum.
Osteoblasts: Bone-building cells that secrete collagen and other organic components to form the matrix.
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that reside in the matrix, crucial for maintaining bone tissue.
Osteoclasts: Derived from white blood cells, they secrete acids and enzymes to break down bone tissue (osteolysis).

Bone Matrix

Composed of inorganic salts (mainly calcium phosphate) and collagen fibers.
Calcification or mineralization occurs in the presence of collagen fibers, providing hardness and tensile strength to bones.

Bone Structure

Compact Bone (80%): Structured in osteons or Haversian systems, which contain blood vessels, nerves, and osteocytes; aligned along stress lines.
Spongy Bone (20%): Lacks osteons; consists of trabeculae surrounding red marrow spaces, providing lightweight support and protection for red bone marrow.

Components of a Long Bone

Bone structure includes several parts: diaphysis, epiphyses, metaphyses, epiphyseal plate, hyaline cartilage, periosteum, marrow cavity, and endosteum.

Specific Bone Features

Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone.
Epiphyses: The ends of a long bone.
Metaphyses: The transitioning regions between epiphysis and diaphysis.
Epiphyseal Plate: Growth area in developing bones.
Hyaline Cartilage: Reduces friction and absorbs shock at joints.
Periosteum: Connective tissue covering that protects bone, aids in repair, and serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.
Marrow (Medullary) Cavity: Central space in the diaphysis containing fatty yellow bone marrow.
Endosteum: Lining of the marrow cavity containing osteogenic cells.

Blood Supply in Bone

Periosteal Arteries: Supply outer compact bone through Volkmann's canals, connecting with various vessels.

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Description

Explore the essential components and functions of bone tissue in the skeletal system with these flashcards. Learn about the various tissues that collaborate to form bones and their roles in supporting the body. Ideal for Anatomy & Physiology students looking to reinforce their knowledge.