AP Psychology Chapter 2 Notecards
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Questions and Answers

What is a neuron?

  • A type of skin cell
  • A nerve cell (correct)
  • A type of blood cell
  • A type of muscle cell

    • What do dendrites do?

  • Receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body (correct)
  • Protect neurons from damage
  • Generate action potentials
  • Send signals away from the cell body

    • What is the function of the axon?

  • Protect the neuron
  • Transmit messages to other neurons or muscles (correct)
  • Receive information
  • Store neurotransmitters

    • What does the myelin sheath do?

    <p>Increases transmission speed of neural impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold?

    <p>The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synapse is the junction between sending and receiving neurons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are neurotransmitters?

    <p>Chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gaps between neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of acetylcholine?

    <p>It enables learning and memory and triggers muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of dopamine?

    <p>Plays important roles in the brain and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GABA inhibits excitatory responses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

    <p>Controls the body's skeletal muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The autonomic nervous system is responsible for:

    <p>Regulating involuntary bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brainstem connects the brain to the spinal cord.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is neurogenesis?

    <p>Formation of new neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cerebral cortex?

    <p>Control and information processing center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the brain with their functions:

    <p>Hindbrain = Coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord Midbrain = Integrates sensory information Forebrain = Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus Cerebellum = Processes sensory input and coordinates movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is plasticity in the brain?

    <p>The brain's capacity for modification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The corpus callosum connects the two brain hemispheres.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurons and Communication

    • Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information.
    • Dendrites receive signals and conduct impulses toward the neuron's cell body.
    • Axons transmit messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.
    • The myelin sheath accelerates neural impulse transmission by insulating axons.

    Neural Activity

    • Action potential represents a brief electrical charge that travels along the axon, initiated by movement of ions.
    • Threshold is the necessary level of stimulation to trigger an action potential.
    • Synapses facilitate communication between neurons, with synaptic gaps allowing neurotransmitters to cross.

    Neurotransmitters Functions

    • Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses, influencing whether neurons will fire.
    • Acetylcholine is crucial for learning, memory, and muscle contraction.
    • Dopamine regulates movement, reward, and pleasure; it's linked to various mental health disorders.
    • Serotonin affects mood, sleep, and appetite, while norepinephrine influences stress response.

    Neural Regulation

    • GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, reducing neuronal excitability.
    • Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter vital for cognitive functions but can be toxic in excessive amounts.
    • Endorphins act as natural pain relievers and are linked to pleasure sensations.

    Nervous System Structure

    • The nervous system comprises the central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
    • Sensory neurons relay incoming sensory information to the CNS, while motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to muscles and glands.
    • Interneurons connect sensory inputs with motor outputs within the CNS.

    Autonomic Functions

    • The autonomic nervous system oversees involuntary actions and regulates internal organs.
    • The sympathetic nervous system activates fight-or-flight responses; the parasympathetic system supports rest-and-digest functions.

    Brain Structure and Function

    • Hindbrain coordinates data from the body and plays a role in basic functions like heart rate and breathing.
    • The limbic system influences emotions and drives; it includes the amygdala (emotion), hypothalamus (hormonal regulation), and more.
    • The cerebral cortex is involved in high-level functions like reasoning, planning, and language processing.

    Brain Areas

    • The frontal lobes manage executive functions and voluntary motor activity.
    • The parietal lobes process sensory information from the body.
    • Temporal lobes are key for auditory processing and language comprehension.

    Language and Development

    • Broca's area is essential for speech production, while Wernicke's area enables language comprehension.
    • Aphasia is a condition affecting language due to damage in these areas.
    • Plasticity allows the brain to adapt and rewire after injury or experience.

    Brain Hemispheres

    • The corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres, facilitating communication.
    • Split-brain procedures highlight how hemispheric specialization occurs, with the left side associated with logic and language, and the right side with creativity and spatial reasoning.

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    Description

    Explore key terms from Chapter 2 of AP Psychology with these flashcards. This quiz covers important concepts such as neurons, dendrites, and axons that are fundamental to understanding the nervous system. Perfect for quick revision or study sessions!

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