Questions and Answers
What does accommodation refer to?
What is adolescence?
Transitional period between childhood and adulthood
What characterizes Alzheimer's Disease?
Major structure deterioration of the brain that leads to dementia
What is animism?
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What does artificialism mean?
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What is assimilation?
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Define attachment.
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What does authoritative parenting entail?
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What is authoritarian parenting?
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What is autism?
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Cognition includes all the mental activities associated with _____, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
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What is the concrete operational stage according to Piaget?
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What is conservation in cognitive development?
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What does the continuity vs. stages concept refer to in development?
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What is a critical period in development?
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Define cross-sectional study.
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What is crystallized intelligence?
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What is dementia?
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What are developmental norms?
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What is developmental psychology?
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Define egocentrism in psychology.
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What is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
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What is fluid intelligence?
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What characterizes the formal operational stage?
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What is generativity?
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What is habituation?
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Define identity in psychology.
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What is imprinting?
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What is infantile amnesia?
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Define intimacy in development.
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What is a longitudinal study?
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What is maturation in development?
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What does menarche refer to?
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What is menopause?
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Define object permanence.
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What is the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory?
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What are primary sex characteristics?
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Define puberty.
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What is the rooting reflex?
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What is a schema?
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What are secondary sex characteristics?
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What is secure attachment?
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What is self-concept?
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What characterizes the sensorimotor stage?
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What is a social clock?
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What is a stage theorist?
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What is separation anxiety?
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What does the Strange Situation assess?
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Define teratogens.
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What does the theory of mind refer to?
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What is the sequence of development represented by zygote, embryo, fetus?
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Who is Rene Baillargeon?
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Who is Jay Belsky?
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Who is Jean Piaget?
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Who is John Bowlby?
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Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
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Who is Elisabeth Kubler-Ross?
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Who is Mary Ainsworth?
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Who is Erik Erikson?
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Who is Harry Harlow?
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Who is Jerome Kagan?
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What is dishabituation?
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Study Notes
Key Development Vocabulary in Psychology
- Accommodation: Adjusting existing schemas or developing new ones when faced with new information.
- Adolescence: The transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, typically marked by significant cognitive and emotional changes.
- Alzheimer's Disease: A neurodegenerative condition leading to brain deterioration and dementia, affecting memory and cognitive function.
- Animism: The belief that all objects and things possess life and emotions.
- Artificialism: A preoperational child's belief that all objects are created by human beings.
- Assimilation: The process by which children incorporate new information into existing cognitive frameworks.
- Attachment: The emotional bond that forms between infants and their caregivers, essential for social and emotional development.
- Authoritative Parenting: A style characterized by mutual respect and recognition of authority; promotes healthy development.
- Authoritarian Parenting: A style defined by strict obedience and an authoritative approach; suffocates children's autonomy.
- Autism: A developmental disorder usually identified in early childhood, characterized by challenges in social interaction and communication.
- Cognition: Encompasses all mental processes related to knowledge, memory, and communication.
- Concrete Operational Stage: Piaget's third stage (ages 7-11), where children master logical operations concerning concrete situations but struggle with abstract thinking.
- Conservation: Understanding that quantity remains unchanged despite transformations in shape or appearance.
- Continuity vs. Stages: Debate on whether development is gradual or occurs through distinct stages.
- Critical Period: A specific time frame in which certain skills or knowledge must be acquired; failure to do so may hinder future learning.
- Cross-Sectional Study: Research method comparing different age groups at a single point in time to assess developmental differences.
- Crystallized Intelligence: Knowledge accumulated over time, remaining stable as individuals age.
- Dementia: Cognitive decline characterized by impaired memory and reasoning abilities.
- Developmental Norm: Statistical average age at which specific milestones or behaviors typically occur in children.
- Developmental Psychology: The field concerned with how people develop and change physically, cognitively, and socially throughout their lives.
- Egocentrism: A cognitive limitation in children's ability to understand perspectives different from their own.
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Birth defects resulting from maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, leading to developmental issues.
- Fluid Intelligence: The ability to reason and solve novel problems; tends to decline with age.
- Formal Operational Stage: Piaget's fourth stage (ages 11 and up), where abstract reasoning and systematic planning develop.
- Generativity: Concern for the well-being and development of future generations, often explored in adulthood.
- Habituation: Decreased response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
- Identity: A person's perception of who they are, shaped by personal experiences and social interactions.
- Imprinting: A critical learning process that occurs shortly after birth, where young animals establish a strong attachment to a caregiver or specific object.
- Infantile Amnesia: The phenomenon where individuals have no recollection of their early childhood memories.
- Intimacy: The capacity to establish enduring and committed interpersonal relationships.
- Longitudinal Study: Research method observing the same individuals over a long period to track developmental changes.
- Maturation: The natural progression of development aligned with genetic programming and biological processes.
- Menarche: The onset of menstruation, marking an important milestone in female puberty.
- Menopause: The phase marking the end of a woman’s reproductive capability and menstruation.
- Object Permanence: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceived visually.
- Preoperational Stage: Piaget's second stage (ages 2-7), characterized by symbolic thought but marked by egocentrism and irreversibility.
- Primary Sex Characteristics: Reproductive organs and structures necessary for procreation.
- Puberty: The developmental stage when sexual maturity is reached, signaling the transition into adolescence.
- Rooting Reflex: A newborn’s instinctive response to turn towards a touch on the cheek and seek out nourishment.
- Schema: A cognitive structure that helps individuals organize and interpret information and experiences.
- Secondary Sex Characteristics: Features that distinguish genders but are not directly involved in reproduction.
- Secure Attachment: A type of attachment where children feel safe to explore the world while knowing they can return to their caregiver.
- Self-Concept: An individual's understanding of their identity and personal value.
- Sensorimotor Stage: Piaget's first stage (ages birth-2), focused on sensory experiences and motor activities, leading to the development of object permanence.
- Social Clock: A societal timetable that dictates the typical age for major life events such as marriage and parenthood.
- Stage Theorist: A theorist advocating that development occurs in specific stages characterized by certain behaviors and capacities.
- Separation Anxiety: Emotional distress exhibited by infants when they are separated from their primary caregivers.
- Strange Situation: A research method observing infants' behaviors and attachments in unfamiliar situations.
- Teratogens: Substances that can cause birth defects or developmental issues when a fetus is exposed during pregnancy.
- Theory of Mind: The understanding that oneself and others have separate mental states and perspectives.
- Zygote, Embryo, Fetus: Stages of prenatal development, from conception through organ formation and growth.
- Rene Baillargeon: A researcher who challenged Piaget's views on children's cognitive abilities.
- Jay Belsky: Explored attachment through an evolutionary lens, emphasizing environmental characteristics in child-rearing.
- Jean Piaget: Developed the theory of cognitive development with four distinct stages.
- John Bowlby: Formulated attachment theory, highlighting its evolutionary significance in child development.
- Lawrence Kohlberg: Studied moral development, proposing stages of understanding right and wrong.
- Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: Identified five stages of grief and loss, providing insight into emotional responses to death.
- Mary Ainsworth: Pioneered attachment research through the Strange Situation procedure.
- Erik Erikson: Proposed an eight-stage theory of psychosocial development, each featuring a unique conflict.
- Harry Harlow: Researched attachment and comfort, demonstrating its importance through studies with monkeys.
- Jerome Kagan: Investigated temperament in children, focusing on inhibited and uninhibited behavioral patterns.
- Dishabituation: The renewal of a habituated response when a new stimulus is introduced.
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Test your knowledge of key vocabulary in developmental psychology with these AP Psychology flashcards. Each term is defined clearly, helping you understand essential concepts like accommodation, adolescence, and Alzheimer's Disease. Perfect for exam preparation!