A&P Lab 3 & 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which intracellular junction allows small molecules to pass between adjacent cells?

Gap Junction

Which is not a distinguishing feature of epithelium?

Basal surface rests on a basement membrane

Cells are connected by intracellular junctions

Contains many blood vessels (correct)

Contains little or no extracellular matrix between cells

Epithelia can be classified by:

Number of intracellular junctions

Number of secretory cells

Number of cell layers (correct)

Permeability

Cilia:

Are motile cell processes Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a category of epithelial classification?

Keratinized Simple Columnar Signup and view all the answers

Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) are formed by:

Oligodendrocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cell is capable of becoming phagocytic?

Microglia Signup and view all the answers

Synapse is:

Where information is transferred from a neuron to another cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a type of glial cell?

Endothelial cell Signup and view all the answers

Axons:

Are typically limited to one per neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

Found in the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

Found in the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

Found in the intestines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Cilia?

Found in the lining of the respiratory passage. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

Found in the vagina. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Transitional Epithelium?

Found in the linings of the urinary bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Areolar Connective Tissue?

Found surrounding body organs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Adipose Connective Tissue?

Found in the breasts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Reticular Connective Tissue?

Found in the spleen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

Found in the tendons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?

Found in the dermis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Hyalin Cartilage Connective Tissue?

Found in the fetal skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue?

Found between vertebrae. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue?

Found in the outer ear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Compact Bone Connective Tissue?

Found in the bone shafts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Blood Connective Tissue?

Found in the heart chambers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Smooth Muscle Tissue?

Found in the small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Skeletal Muscle Tissue?

Found attached to bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Cardiac Muscle Tissue?

Found in the heart walls. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of Nervous Muscle Tissue?

Found in the brain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the human scalp?

A part of the skin covering the head, consisting of hair follicles. Signup and view all the answers

What are Merocrine Sweat Glands?

They respond to elevated body temperatures and help maintain body temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What are Sebaceous Sweat Glands?

They secrete an oily mixture called sebum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the hair follicle opening?

The location where hair emerges from the scalp or skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epidermis?

The top layer of the skin consisting of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dermis?

The inner layer of skin consisting of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the hypodermis?

The layer beneath the skin made of adipose and areolar connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

How do the cells of the stratum corneum and stratum basale differ?

Corneum has many layers, basale has one; corneum has squamous cells, basale has cuboidal; corneum has many dead cells, basale has living cells. Signup and view all the answers

State the specific location of melanin observed in dark skin.

Stratum basale. Signup and view all the answers

Which is darker, the anterior or posterior forearm? Why?

Posterior - because there is more melanin in the posterior of the forearm. Signup and view all the answers

What special qualities, due to the presence of fibers, does the connective tissue of the dermis have?

It consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix. Signup and view all the answers

How is the structure of the thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet properly suited for its function?

Skin ligaments anchor the hypodermis to the underlying structures and contain stratum lucidum which protects underlying layers. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the hair extends from the hair papilla to the body surface?

The hair root. Signup and view all the answers

In which layer of the skin are the sebaceous glands found?

The dermis. Signup and view all the answers

How are sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, and what do they secrete?

Sebaceous glands are found next to hair follicles and secrete an oily sebum into the follicles. Signup and view all the answers

The ducts of the apocrine sweat glands open into:

The dermal papilla. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sweat gland is most important in maintaining normal body temperature?

The merocrine sweat gland. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intracellular Junctions and Epithelial Tissue

Gap junctions allow small molecules to pass between adjacent cells.
Epithelial tissue does not contain blood vessels, distinguishing it from other tissue types.
Epithelia classification is based on the number of cell layers.

Cilia and Epithelial Characteristics

Cilia are motile cell processes aiding in movement.
Keratinized simple columnar is not a recognized category of epithelial classification.

Nervous Tissue Components

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are formed by oligodendrocytes.
Microglia are glial cells capable of phagocytosis.
Synapses facilitate information transfer from neurons to other cells.

Glial Cell Types

Endothelial cells are not classified as glial cells.
Typical axons have a single branch extending from neuron cell bodies.

Types of Epithelial Tissue

Simple squamous epithelium: Located in the lungs.
Simple cuboidal epithelium: Found in the kidneys.
Simple columnar epithelium: Present in the intestines.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia: Located in respiratory passages.
Stratified squamous epithelium: Found in the vagina.
Transitional epithelium: Present in urinary bladder linings.

Types of Connective Tissue

Areolar connective tissue: Surrounds body organs.
Adipose connective tissue: Found in the breasts.
Reticular connective tissue: Located in the spleen.
Dense regular connective tissue: Present in tendons.
Dense irregular connective tissue: Found in the dermis.
Hyalin cartilage: Comprises fetal skeleton.
Fibrocartilage: Found between vertebrae.
Elastic cartilage: Present in the outer ear.
Compact bone: Located in bone shafts.
Blood connective tissue: Found in heart chambers.

Muscle Tissue Types

Smooth muscle tissue: Located in the small intestine.
Skeletal muscle tissue: Attached to bones.
Cardiac muscle tissue: Found in heart walls.
Nervous tissue: Located in the brain.

Skin Layers and Glands

Merocrine sweat glands respond to elevated body temperatures, abundant on the forehead, palms, and soles.
Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, helping to keep skin pliable and are associated with hair follicles.
The epidermis consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, forming a waterproof barrier.
The dermis contains areolar and dense irregular connective tissues, housing hair follicles and sweat glands.
The hypodermis is beneath the skin, comprised of adipose and areolar connective tissues for fat padding.

Skin and Hair Characteristics

Stratum corneum has multiple layers of dead squamous cells, while stratum basale contains cuboidal living cells.
Melanin is primarily observed in the stratum basale, contributing to skin color variations.
The posterior forearm has darker pigmentation due to higher melanin content.
The thick skin on palms and soles has structures protecting against wear through skin ligaments and the stratum lucidum.
The hair root extends from the hair papilla to the body surface and sebaceous glands are located in the dermis, secreting sebum into hair follicles.

Sweat Gland Functions

The ducts of apocrine sweat glands open into dermal papillae.
Merocrine sweat glands are essential for temperature regulation.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards based on Anatomy and Physiology Lab 3 & 4. Key concepts include cellular junctions, distinguishing features of epithelium, and other essential terms. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of histology and cell biology.