A&P Lab 3 & 4 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Which intracellular junction allows small molecules to pass between adjacent cells?

Gap Junction

Which is not a distinguishing feature of epithelium?

  • Basal surface rests on a basement membrane
  • Cells are connected by intracellular junctions
  • Contains many blood vessels (correct)
  • Contains little or no extracellular matrix between cells
  • Epithelia can be classified by:

  • Number of intracellular junctions
  • Number of secretory cells
  • Number of cell layers (correct)
  • Permeability
  • Cilia:

    <p>Are motile cell processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a category of epithelial classification?

    <p>Keratinized Simple Columnar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) are formed by:

    <p>Oligodendrocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glial cell is capable of becoming phagocytic?

    <p>Microglia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synapse is:

    <p>Where information is transferred from a neuron to another cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is not a type of glial cell?

    <p>Endothelial cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Axons:

    <p>Are typically limited to one per neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelium?

    <p>Found in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?

    <p>Found in the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Simple Columnar Epithelium?

    <p>Found in the intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Cilia?

    <p>Found in the lining of the respiratory passage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

    <p>Found in the vagina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Transitional Epithelium?

    <p>Found in the linings of the urinary bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Areolar Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found surrounding body organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Adipose Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the breasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Reticular Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the spleen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the tendons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the dermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Hyalin Cartilage Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the fetal skeleton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found between vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the outer ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Compact Bone Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the bone shafts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Blood Connective Tissue?

    <p>Found in the heart chambers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Smooth Muscle Tissue?

    <p>Found in the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Skeletal Muscle Tissue?

    <p>Found attached to bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Cardiac Muscle Tissue?

    <p>Found in the heart walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of Nervous Muscle Tissue?

    <p>Found in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the human scalp?

    <p>A part of the skin covering the head, consisting of hair follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Merocrine Sweat Glands?

    <p>They respond to elevated body temperatures and help maintain body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Sebaceous Sweat Glands?

    <p>They secrete an oily mixture called sebum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the hair follicle opening?

    <p>The location where hair emerges from the scalp or skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the epidermis?

    <p>The top layer of the skin consisting of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dermis?

    <p>The inner layer of skin consisting of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypodermis?

    <p>The layer beneath the skin made of adipose and areolar connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the cells of the stratum corneum and stratum basale differ?

    <p>Corneum has many layers, basale has one; corneum has squamous cells, basale has cuboidal; corneum has many dead cells, basale has living cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State the specific location of melanin observed in dark skin.

    <p>Stratum basale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is darker, the anterior or posterior forearm? Why?

    <p>Posterior - because there is more melanin in the posterior of the forearm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What special qualities, due to the presence of fibers, does the connective tissue of the dermis have?

    <p>It consists of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the structure of the thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet properly suited for its function?

    <p>Skin ligaments anchor the hypodermis to the underlying structures and contain stratum lucidum which protects underlying layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the hair extends from the hair papilla to the body surface?

    <p>The hair root.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the skin are the sebaceous glands found?

    <p>The dermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, and what do they secrete?

    <p>Sebaceous glands are found next to hair follicles and secrete an oily sebum into the follicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ducts of the apocrine sweat glands open into:

    <p>The dermal papilla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sweat gland is most important in maintaining normal body temperature?

    <p>The merocrine sweat gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Intracellular Junctions and Epithelial Tissue

    • Gap junctions allow small molecules to pass between adjacent cells.
    • Epithelial tissue does not contain blood vessels, distinguishing it from other tissue types.
    • Epithelia classification is based on the number of cell layers.

    Cilia and Epithelial Characteristics

    • Cilia are motile cell processes aiding in movement.
    • Keratinized simple columnar is not a recognized category of epithelial classification.

    Nervous Tissue Components

    • Myelin sheaths in the CNS are formed by oligodendrocytes.
    • Microglia are glial cells capable of phagocytosis.
    • Synapses facilitate information transfer from neurons to other cells.

    Glial Cell Types

    • Endothelial cells are not classified as glial cells.
    • Typical axons have a single branch extending from neuron cell bodies.

    Types of Epithelial Tissue

    • Simple squamous epithelium: Located in the lungs.
    • Simple cuboidal epithelium: Found in the kidneys.
    • Simple columnar epithelium: Present in the intestines.
    • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia: Located in respiratory passages.
    • Stratified squamous epithelium: Found in the vagina.
    • Transitional epithelium: Present in urinary bladder linings.

    Types of Connective Tissue

    • Areolar connective tissue: Surrounds body organs.
    • Adipose connective tissue: Found in the breasts.
    • Reticular connective tissue: Located in the spleen.
    • Dense regular connective tissue: Present in tendons.
    • Dense irregular connective tissue: Found in the dermis.
    • Hyalin cartilage: Comprises fetal skeleton.
    • Fibrocartilage: Found between vertebrae.
    • Elastic cartilage: Present in the outer ear.
    • Compact bone: Located in bone shafts.
    • Blood connective tissue: Found in heart chambers.

    Muscle Tissue Types

    • Smooth muscle tissue: Located in the small intestine.
    • Skeletal muscle tissue: Attached to bones.
    • Cardiac muscle tissue: Found in heart walls.
    • Nervous tissue: Located in the brain.

    Skin Layers and Glands

    • Merocrine sweat glands respond to elevated body temperatures, abundant on the forehead, palms, and soles.
    • Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, helping to keep skin pliable and are associated with hair follicles.
    • The epidermis consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, forming a waterproof barrier.
    • The dermis contains areolar and dense irregular connective tissues, housing hair follicles and sweat glands.
    • The hypodermis is beneath the skin, comprised of adipose and areolar connective tissues for fat padding.

    Skin and Hair Characteristics

    • Stratum corneum has multiple layers of dead squamous cells, while stratum basale contains cuboidal living cells.
    • Melanin is primarily observed in the stratum basale, contributing to skin color variations.
    • The posterior forearm has darker pigmentation due to higher melanin content.
    • The thick skin on palms and soles has structures protecting against wear through skin ligaments and the stratum lucidum.
    • The hair root extends from the hair papilla to the body surface and sebaceous glands are located in the dermis, secreting sebum into hair follicles.

    Sweat Gland Functions

    • The ducts of apocrine sweat glands open into dermal papillae.
    • Merocrine sweat glands are essential for temperature regulation.

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    Test your knowledge with these flashcards based on Anatomy and Physiology Lab 3 & 4. Key concepts include cellular junctions, distinguishing features of epithelium, and other essential terms. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of histology and cell biology.

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