Questions and Answers
Which intracellular junction allows small molecules to pass between adjacent cells?
Gap Junction
Which is not a distinguishing feature of epithelium?
Epithelia can be classified by:
Cilia:
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Which is NOT a category of epithelial classification?
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Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) are formed by:
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Which glial cell is capable of becoming phagocytic?
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Synapse is:
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Which is not a type of glial cell?
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Axons:
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What is the location of Simple Squamous Epithelium?
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What is the location of Simple Cuboidal Epithelium?
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What is the location of Simple Columnar Epithelium?
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What is the location of Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Cilia?
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What is the location of Stratified Squamous Epithelium?
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What is the location of Transitional Epithelium?
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What is the location of Areolar Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Adipose Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Reticular Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Dense Regular Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Dense Irregular Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Hyalin Cartilage Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Compact Bone Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Blood Connective Tissue?
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What is the location of Smooth Muscle Tissue?
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What is the location of Skeletal Muscle Tissue?
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What is the location of Cardiac Muscle Tissue?
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What is the location of Nervous Muscle Tissue?
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What is the human scalp?
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What are Merocrine Sweat Glands?
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What are Sebaceous Sweat Glands?
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What is the location of the hair follicle opening?
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What is the epidermis?
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What is the dermis?
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What is the hypodermis?
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How do the cells of the stratum corneum and stratum basale differ?
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State the specific location of melanin observed in dark skin.
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Which is darker, the anterior or posterior forearm? Why?
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What special qualities, due to the presence of fibers, does the connective tissue of the dermis have?
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How is the structure of the thick skin of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet properly suited for its function?
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What part of the hair extends from the hair papilla to the body surface?
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In which layer of the skin are the sebaceous glands found?
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How are sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles, and what do they secrete?
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The ducts of the apocrine sweat glands open into:
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Which type of sweat gland is most important in maintaining normal body temperature?
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Study Notes
Intracellular Junctions and Epithelial Tissue
- Gap junctions allow small molecules to pass between adjacent cells.
- Epithelial tissue does not contain blood vessels, distinguishing it from other tissue types.
- Epithelia classification is based on the number of cell layers.
Cilia and Epithelial Characteristics
- Cilia are motile cell processes aiding in movement.
- Keratinized simple columnar is not a recognized category of epithelial classification.
Nervous Tissue Components
- Myelin sheaths in the CNS are formed by oligodendrocytes.
- Microglia are glial cells capable of phagocytosis.
- Synapses facilitate information transfer from neurons to other cells.
Glial Cell Types
- Endothelial cells are not classified as glial cells.
- Typical axons have a single branch extending from neuron cell bodies.
Types of Epithelial Tissue
- Simple squamous epithelium: Located in the lungs.
- Simple cuboidal epithelium: Found in the kidneys.
- Simple columnar epithelium: Present in the intestines.
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia: Located in respiratory passages.
- Stratified squamous epithelium: Found in the vagina.
- Transitional epithelium: Present in urinary bladder linings.
Types of Connective Tissue
- Areolar connective tissue: Surrounds body organs.
- Adipose connective tissue: Found in the breasts.
- Reticular connective tissue: Located in the spleen.
- Dense regular connective tissue: Present in tendons.
- Dense irregular connective tissue: Found in the dermis.
- Hyalin cartilage: Comprises fetal skeleton.
- Fibrocartilage: Found between vertebrae.
- Elastic cartilage: Present in the outer ear.
- Compact bone: Located in bone shafts.
- Blood connective tissue: Found in heart chambers.
Muscle Tissue Types
- Smooth muscle tissue: Located in the small intestine.
- Skeletal muscle tissue: Attached to bones.
- Cardiac muscle tissue: Found in heart walls.
- Nervous tissue: Located in the brain.
Skin Layers and Glands
- Merocrine sweat glands respond to elevated body temperatures, abundant on the forehead, palms, and soles.
- Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, helping to keep skin pliable and are associated with hair follicles.
- The epidermis consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, forming a waterproof barrier.
- The dermis contains areolar and dense irregular connective tissues, housing hair follicles and sweat glands.
- The hypodermis is beneath the skin, comprised of adipose and areolar connective tissues for fat padding.
Skin and Hair Characteristics
- Stratum corneum has multiple layers of dead squamous cells, while stratum basale contains cuboidal living cells.
- Melanin is primarily observed in the stratum basale, contributing to skin color variations.
- The posterior forearm has darker pigmentation due to higher melanin content.
- The thick skin on palms and soles has structures protecting against wear through skin ligaments and the stratum lucidum.
- The hair root extends from the hair papilla to the body surface and sebaceous glands are located in the dermis, secreting sebum into hair follicles.
Sweat Gland Functions
- The ducts of apocrine sweat glands open into dermal papillae.
- Merocrine sweat glands are essential for temperature regulation.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards based on Anatomy and Physiology Lab 3 & 4. Key concepts include cellular junctions, distinguishing features of epithelium, and other essential terms. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding of histology and cell biology.