Questions and Answers
What does the frontalis muscle do?
Raises the eyebrow
Where does the orbicularis oculi muscle originate?
Frontal bone and maxilla
What is the function of the orbicularis oris?
Closes lip
What action does the masseter muscle perform?
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Which bone does the temporalis muscle originate from?
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What is the primary function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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What action does the rectus abdominis muscle perform?
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What is the function of the external oblique muscle?
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What action does the internal oblique perform?
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What is the main function of the transverse abdominis?
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What does the trapezius muscle help with?
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Where does the rhomboideus major muscle insert?
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What is the action of the pectoralis minor muscle?
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What is the main action of the serratus anterior?
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What does the pectoralis major muscle do?
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What is the function of the teres major?
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What does the latissimus dorsi muscle do?
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What action does the deltoid muscle perform?
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What is the primary action of the biceps brachii?
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What does the brachialis muscle do?
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What is the function of the brachioradialis?
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What does the triceps brachii muscle do?
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What is the action of the gluteus maximus?
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What does the tensor fascia lata muscle do?
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What is the action of the adductor magnus?
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What does the gracilis muscle do?
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What is the function of the sartorius?
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What action does the rectus femoris perform?
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Where does the vastus medialis muscle insert?
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What is the action of the vastus lateralis?
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What action does the biceps femoris perform?
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What is the function of the semitendinosus?
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What does the semimembranosus muscle do?
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What is the action of the gastrocnemius?
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Study Notes
Facial Muscles
- Frontalis: Raises eyebrows; originates on aponeurosis, inserts in skin of eyebrows.
- Orbicularis oculi: Closes the eye; originates on frontal bone and maxilla, inserts in skin around eyes.
- Orbicularis oris: Closes lips; originates on muscles near the mouth, inserts in skin at corners of the mouth.
Jaw Muscles
- Masseter: Raises mandible; originates on zygomatic arch, inserts in mandible.
- Temporalis: Raises mandible; originates on temporal bone, inserts in mandible.
Neck and Head Muscles
- Sternocleidomastoid: Rotates and lowers head; originates on sternum and clavicle, inserts in mastoid process of temporal bone.
- Occipitalis: Involved in moving scalp and wrinkling forehead (definition not provided).
Abdominal Muscles
- Rectus abdominis: Compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column; originates on pubis, inserts in costal cartilages 5-7 and xiphoid process.
- External oblique: Compresses abdomen and flexes one side of vertebral column; originates on lower 8 ribs, inserts in iliac crest and linea alba.
- Internal oblique: Compresses abdomen and flexes one side of vertebral column; originates on iliac crest and lumbar fascia, inserts in costal cartilages of last 3-4 ribs.
- Transverse abdominis: Compresses abdomen; originates on iliac crest and lumbar fascia, inserts in xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic.
Shoulder and Back Muscles
- Trapezius: Elevates clavicle, adducts scapula, extends head; originates on occipital bone and vertebral spines, inserts in clavicle and scapula.
- Rhomboideus major: Adducts scapula and rotates it downward; originates on vertebral spines, inserts in scapula.
- Pectoralis minor: Depresses and moves scapula anteriorly; originates on ribs 3-5, inserts in coracoid of scapula.
- Serratus anterior: Rotates scapula upward and laterally; originates on ribs, inserts in scapula.
Arm Muscles
- Pectoralis major: Flexes and adducts arm; originates on sternum and clavicle, inserts in humerus.
- Teres major: Extends arm and rotates medially; originates on scapula, inserts in humerus.
- Latissimus dorsi: Extends and adducts arm; originates on ribs and lower 6 vertebral spines, inserts in humerus.
Forearm Muscles
- Deltoid: Abducts, flexes, and extends arm; originates on clavicle and scapula, inserts in humerus.
- Biceps brachii: Flexes forearm; originates on scapula, inserts in radius.
- Brachialis: Flexes forearm; originates on humerus, inserts in ulna.
- Brachioradialis: Flexes forearm; originates on humerus, inserts in radius.
- Triceps brachii: Extends forearm and arm; originates on scapula and humerus, inserts in olecranon of ulna.
Leg and Hip Muscles
- Gluteus maximus: Extends and rotates femur laterally; originates on iliac crest and sacrum, inserts in femur.
- Tensor fascia lata: Flexes and abducts femur; originates on iliac crest, inserts in tibia via fascia lata.
- Adductor magnus: Flexes and abducts femur; originates on pubis and ischium, inserts in linea aspera of femur.
- Gracilis: Flexes leg and adducts femur; originates on pubis, inserts in tibia.
- Sartorius: Flexes leg and femur, rotates laterally; longest muscle in human body; originates on iliac crest, inserts in tibia.
- Rectus femoris: Extends leg and flexes femur; originates on iliac crest, inserts in patella.
- Vastus medialis: Extends leg; originates on linea aspera of femur, inserts in tibia via patellar ligament.
- Vastus lateralis: Extends leg; originates on femur, inserts in tibia via patellar ligament.
Hamstring Muscles
- Biceps femoris: Flexes leg and extends femur; originates on ischium and femur, inserts in tibia and fibula.
- Semitendinosus: Flexes leg and extends femur; originates on ischium, inserts in tibia.
- Semimembranosus: Flexes leg and extends femur; originates on ischium, inserts in tibia.
Calf Muscle
- Gastrocnemius: Points toe; originates on femur and knee capsule, inserts in calcaneus via Achilles tendon.
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Test your knowledge of muscles with these flashcards specifically designed for Anatomy and Physiology I. Each card includes the muscle name and its definition, focusing on their functions and anatomical origins. Perfect for students preparing for lab practical exams.
