AP Human Geography Unit 3

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Questions and Answers

What is Acculturation?

A form of cultural adaptation

A type of language family

When one group of people adopt the culture traits of another culture (correct)

The process of creating a new culture

What is Assimilation?

The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture.

What does Cultural Adaptation refer to?

New people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people.

What is Cultural Ecology?

The place and location of a specific culture based on ecology. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Cultural Landscape?

The landscape in which people have affected by cultural means. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Culture Realm?

A group of culture traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Culture Region?

Group of culture realms, in formal, functional, and vernacular. Signup and view all the answers

What are the Diffusion Types?

Expansion and relocation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Maladaptive Diffusion?

Diffusion of a process with negative side effects. Signup and view all the answers

What does Sequence Occupancy refer to?

Refers to cultural succession and its lasting imprint. Signup and view all the answers

What are Adaptive Strategies?

Strategies that make people adapt to the prevailing culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is Folk Culture?

A prevailing culture in a homogeneous population. Signup and view all the answers

What is Popular Culture?

A culture that is always changing in a heterogeneous population. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Creole?

A formalized pidgin language. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Dialect?

A variant of a language. Signup and view all the answers

What are Indo-European Languages?

Romance and Germanic languages spoken by about 50% of the world's population. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Isogloss?

Geographical boundary lines where linguistic features meet. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Language Family?

A group of languages with the same proposed hearth. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Language Group?

A grouping of languages by geographers based on similarities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Language Subfamily?

A section of a language family. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Lingua Franca?

An international language used for trade and commerce. Signup and view all the answers

What does Monolingual/Multilingual refer to?

Mono- one language, multi- more than one language. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Official Language?

The main language spoken by a country. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Pidgin?

A language that is just a mix of several languages. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Toponym?

A name for a place. Signup and view all the answers

What is Animism?

Most prevalent in Africa and the Americas, the doctrine saying that the world is infused through spirits and supernatural powers. Signup and view all the answers

What is Buddhism?

A religion stating that there is no god, and that the path to happiness is self-realization. Signup and view all the answers

What is Christianity?

Monotheistic religion that is most adopted in the world that believes in Christ. Signup and view all the answers

What is Confucianism?

The religion that follows a set of philosophies. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Ethnic Religion?

Religion that is adopted mainly by people of one race. Signup and view all the answers

What is an Exclave/Enclave?

Enclave is a country or part of a country mostly surrounded by the territory of another country; an exclave is geographically separated. Signup and view all the answers

What is Fundamentalism?

Literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion. Signup and view all the answers

What is Geomancy?

A method of prediction that interprets markings on the ground. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hajj?

The pilgrimage to Mecca for Islam followers, it's the fifth of the five pillars. Signup and view all the answers

What are Sunni/Shiite?

The two branches of the Muslim religion, divided by a conflict over the prophet. Signup and view all the answers

What is Taoism?

A religion based on Chinese philosophy. Signup and view all the answers

What does Universalizing refer to?

The spreading of a religion worldwide. Signup and view all the answers

What is Zoroastrianism?

The religion and philosophy based on the teachings attributed to the prophet Zoroaster. Signup and view all the answers

What is Hinduism?

Created in India, approximately one billion followers. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture and Language

Acculturation: Adaptation of one group's cultural traits by another group.
Assimilation: Gradual adoption of customs and attitudes by a minority group towards a prevailing culture.
Cultural Adaptation: New populations adjusting to the existing local culture.
Cultural Ecology: Examination of how culture is influenced by ecological conditions.
Cultural Landscape: Areas transformed by cultural practices and interactions over time.
Culture Realm: A collection of related cultural traits.
Culture Region: Defined areas characterized by shared cultural traits, categorized into formal, functional, and vernacular types.

Diffusion and Cultural Change

Diffusion Types: Two main types include expansion (spreading within a culture) and relocation (movement to a new area).
Maladaptive Diffusion: Spread of practices with negative effects, highlighting that successful methods in one region may fail in another.
Sequence Occupancy: Cultural succession and lasting impacts, formulated by Derwent Whittlesey.
Adaptive Strategies: Techniques and behaviors that help communities thrive within their cultural context.

Cultural Forms

Folk Culture: Traditional culture prevalent within homogeneous groups.
Popular Culture: Dynamic, evolving culture characterized by its diversity, found in heterogeneous populations.

Language and Linguistics

Creole: A stable natural language that has developed from a pidgin.
Dialect: Variants within a language that reflect regional or social differences.
Indo-European Languages: Major language family including Romance and Germanic languages, spoken by around 50% of the global population.
Isogloss: Geographical boundary that separates different linguistic features.
Language Family: A group of related languages originating from the same historical root.
Language Group: Subdivisions of a language family based on similarities in grammar and vocabulary.
Language Subfamily: A further division within a language family.
Lingua Franca: A widely used language for communication between speakers of different native languages.
Monolingual/Multilingual: Refers to using one language (monolingual) versus multiple languages (multilingual).
Official Language: The primary language used for government and official purposes within a country.
Pidgin: A simplified language that develops to facilitate communication between speakers of different languages.
Toponym: The name assigned to a particular geographical place.

Religion and Belief Systems

Animism: A belief system prominent in Africa and the Americas that attributes spiritual essence to objects and nature.
Buddhism: A non-theistic religion focused on self-realization and enlightenment.
Christianity: The world's largest monotheistic religion centered on the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Confucianism: A philosophical system emphasizing moral integrity and social harmony.
Ethnic Religion: A belief system closely tied to a specific cultural or racial group.
Exclave/Enclave: An exclave is a portion of territory separated from the main area; an enclave is a territory surrounded by another country's territory.
Fundamentalism: Strict adherence to core principles and scriptures of a religion.
Geomancy: A form of divination based on interpreting patterns in soil or marks on the ground, particularly in Arab culture.
Hajj: An Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, a significant religious duty for Muslims.
Sunni/Shiite: The two main branches of Islam, differentiated by historical disputes regarding leadership.
Taoism: A religious and philosophical tradition rooted in Chinese thought, focused on living harmoniously with the Tao (the way).
Universalizing: The process of spreading religious beliefs across the globe.
Zoroastrianism: An ancient religion based on teachings attributed to the prophet Zoroaster.
Hinduism: One of the oldest religions originating in India, featuring a diverse set of beliefs and practices, with around one billion followers.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from AP Human Geography Unit 3 with these flashcards. This unit focuses on cultural processes like acculturation, assimilation, and cultural adaptation. Ideal for students preparing for their exams.